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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1783-1788 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 03 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.222 Value Chain Mapping of Katarni Rice Rohit Kumar1*, Shridhar Patil1, R. K. Sohane1 and Mankesh Kumar2 1 Department of Extension Education, 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Value Chain Mapping, Katarni rice Article Info Accepted: 15 February 2021 Available Online: 10 March 2021 The present study was conducted to map Katarni rice value chain in the Bhagalpur, Banka and Munger district of Bihar. Arandom sample of 90 Katarni rice growers, 30 non-Katarni rice growers and 30 market intermediaries were interviewed and number of focused group for discussion were held. Findings of the study revealed that their exist six major types of Katarni rice value chain through which more than 90 percent of Katarni rice product movement and value creation takes place. It was also observed that local rice processor play an important role in Katarni rice value chain and their engaged in more than 48 percent of Katarni rice value creation and product movement. Introduction India is primarily an agricultural country and about 70 percent of its rural households still depend primarily on agriculture (FAO, 2018) and 54.6 percent of the total workforce is engaged in agricultural and allied sector activities (MAF&W-2019). The rank of India in rice production is second only after China but in prospects of aromatic rice production and export it stands first (DGCI&S- 2019). During 2018-19, the export of aromatic rice alone was 4.41 million tone with the value of 4712.44 $ Million (DGCI&S-2019). However, the export of non-Basmati rice during the said year was only 0.3 million tonne with the value of 93 $Million and export of aromatic rice from Bihar was 0.02 million tonne only with the value of 1.77 $Million (APEDA-2019) while there is no data available regarding export of Katarni rice. Katarni rice is the most preferable, ceremonial and finest quality scented rice of Bihar and it is famous for its aromatic flavour, palatability, and Chura (beaten rice) making qualities. The geographical area of production of Katarni Rice includes districts of Zone IIIA of Bihar comprising of the south alluvial Gangetic plane of Munger, Banka and South Bhagalpur. The unique aroma in the Katarni grain is developed only when it is grown in 1783 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1783-1788 few blocks namely Jagdishpur, Sanhaula, Sahkund and Sultanganj in Bhagalpur District; Tarapur and Asharganj in Munger District and Amarpur, Shambhuganj, Rajaun, Barahat, Chanan and Katoria in Banka District. The farmers in this tract are growing this special rice since long mainly in the surrounding catchment areas of tributary rivers of Ganga like Chanan in Banka district. Katarni rice is tall and photosensitive and prone to lodging due to its weak culm and hence low yielder (Sinha et al., 2015). The Katarni rice value chain mapping was done to understand the nature of stakeholders in the value chain, their role in value creation process and the pattern product movement along the value chain. The analysis of Katarni value chain map revealed that the six major type of Katarni value chains of more than 90% of product movement and value chain creation sequence. However six major forms of Katarni value chain maps, there few more forms which together made the value chain pattern through which less than 5% of the total Katarni rice moves. selected block by using snowball sampling method. Results and Discussion The analysis of Katarni value chain map revealed that there are six major type of Katarni value chains of more than 90% of product movement and value chain creation sequence. However these six major forms of Katarni value chain maps, there few more forms which together made the value chain pattern through which less than 5% of the total Katarni rice moves. Therefore the discussion of value chain mapping was limited in the study to only these six types of value chain maps. The simplest & most common value chain consisted of only two entities i.e. the producer and peer group consumer. In this value chain map, it was observed that farmer sell/exchange/ gift the Katarni rice to their peer groups either in the form of unprocessed paddy or processed rice (dihusked) or in the form of beaten Rice (locally known as ‘Chura’) (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Materials and Methods The focused on the Katarni rice marketing situation, mapping of Katarni rice value chain in Bihar. There were three different sets of respondents i.e. Katarni rice growers, nonKatarni rice growers and market intermediaries. The Katarni growers were selected using simple random sampling from the list of Katarni rice growers developed for each district. Three districts of Bihar were selected purposively, namely Bhagalpur, Banka and Munger and from each district one blocks namely Jagdishpur Rajoun and Asharganj were selected purposively. So all together from three seected block 90 Katarni rice growers and non-Katarni rice growers were selected by using simple random sampling method and further 30 of market intermediaries were selected from all three It was observed that this is widely practiced among farmers (94.40%) however among small proportion of total production (i.e. 6%) is supplied to consumer through this value chain. The second simplest form of the Katarni rice value chain mapping consisted of producers and consumers outside peer group. The value chain map of this pattern is presented in Fig. 2. In this case, the producers were selling consumers the Katarni rice either in the form of paddy (43.3%) or in the form of Rice (40.00%) and rarely thus sold it to the consumers outside peer group in the form of beaten Rice (i.e. Chura). It was observed that around 9% of total production is directly sold by farmers to consumers outside peer group. 1784 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1783-1788 Table.1 Value chain of Katarni rice growers S.N. Market entities f (%) 1 Producer Peer group Consumer 2 Producer 3 Producer Local processor Consumer outside peer group Consumer 4 Producer Local processor Retailer Consumer 5 Producer Retailer Consumer 6 Producer Trader (not processing) Retailer 7 Consumer Others 85 (94.40) 30 (33.33) 65 (72.22) 65 (72.22) 48 (53.33) 25 (27.78) 18 (20.00) Estimated proportion (%) 6 Fig.1 Map 1: Producers  Peer group value chai Fig.2 Map 2: Producers  Consumers outside peer group value chain Fig.3 Map 3 :Producers  Local processor  Consumer value chain 1785 9 21 27 20 9 8 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1783-1788 Fig.4 Map 4: Producers  Local processor  Retailer  Consumer value chain Fig.5 Map 5: Producers  Trader Retailer  Consumer value chain Fig.6 Map 6: Producers  Retailers  Consumer value chain The third type of Katarni rice value chain mapping is depicted in Fig. 3 consisted of three market entities. In this type, in addition to the producer and consumer, the local processors were also found to be playing entire role in value chain. It was observed that 72.22% of the Katarni rice growers sold around 21% of their total production through this value chain. In this case the farmers role is only limited to production of paddy. Almost all the postharvest including milling of paddy, bulk packaging are carried out by the local processors. It was observed that around 55% of the processed Katarni was sold to consumers in the form of dehusked rice. Whereas 65% of the 45% of it was sold in the form of beaten rice. The fourth pattern Katarni rice value chain mapping indicated in Fig. 4. It consisted of four market entities. In this case product move from producer to local processor to retailers to consumers. It was observed that around 27% of the Katarni is sold to consumers through this value chain. Similar to earlier case, the farmers role was largely limited to Katarni rice production. Whereas the processors role was limited to processing & bulk packaging. The role of retailer in this case was limited to procurement of processed Katarni either in the form of dehusked rice (55%) or beaten rice i.e. Chura (45%) and selling it to consumers in the form of loose, unpacked product. It was observed that more than 90% of the product was sold as the 1786 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1783-1788 unbranded and unprocessed product. The fifth type of Katarni rice value chain mapping is depicted in Fig. 5. It is similar to the previous value chain map. However, in addition to the market entities presented in Fig. 4 it also consists of local trader. This value chain map differs from previous one in the fact that role of processors was passive. The local traders aggregate unprocessed raw paddy from farmers and get it processed from the local processing mill and pay the charges for processing. Most of the processed product in this case i.e. in the form of Rice (66%) whereas only 34% of the product is processed for traders to the form of beaten rice. The local traders sold Katarni either in the form of dehusked rice (60%) or in the form of beaten rice (25%) to the retailers, who further sell it to consumer as loose, unbranded product. Around 20% of the processed Katarni is supplied to consumers through this value chain mapping. The last significant Katarni rice value chain mapping is depicted in Fig 6. This is another simple value chain where role of farmer is to produce Katarni rice & sell it to retailers in the form of dehusked rice (88%) or beaten rice (12%). It was observed that farmers largely limit their processed product sale to Katarni rice and only 12% of the products they sell to retailers is in the form of beaten rice. It was also observed that only 9% of the Katarni rice is sold to farmers through this value chain. In conclusion the demand for Katarni is highly seasonal and most of the demand for Katarni rice is the form of puffed rice and the demand period is especially limited to festive season of January shortly after harvest of crop and this short & intense demand nature provides favorable condition for adulteration and sale of non-genuine Katarni rice. Large majority of the Katarni rice is sold on the farm gate within few days of harvesting season without processing so the sales of Katarni rice as a uniformly processed and well packed branded product was not observed and hence it may be considered as rarely practiced in value chain. The Processing unit owners play major role in distribution of Katarni rice in the market both as processor and traders and also processors play an important role in direct sale of processed product to consumers, especially in the form of puffed rice The significant proportion of consumers buy produce directly from farmers indicating at high amount of adulteration and sale of fake product in market and more than half of the produce sold by the unorganized small-scale processors is in the form of puffed rice. References Kumar MS, Singh S, Kumar AS, Kant S, Singh P, Sohane R (2018) Characterisation of Katarni rice for its Geographical Indication of Bihar India. Journal Of AgriSearch, 5(4):223-229. Majumader P, Basu D, Mandal S (2015) Value chain analysis for Gobindobhog rice in Burdwan district of West Bengal, India. Marothia DK, Singh RK, Chandrakar MR, Jain BC (2007) Economics and marketing of aromatic rice-A case study of Chhattisgarh. Agricultural Economics Research Review 20:29-46. 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