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laONG QUAN GIOA MOT SO OAC DIEM NHAN CACH QUA DOANH NHAN VA DONG CO THANH DAT CUA HO PGS.TS. L6 Thj Thanh Hi/ong Trudng phdng Phdng Nghiin cifu ca ban, Viin Tdm ly hoc. ' T6M TAT Nghiin ciiu cho thdfy, doanh nhdn nude ta cd niim tin khd cao vdo bdn than, hiing thii vdi nghi. Ho c6 trdch nhiim vdi viic phdt triin vi lai ich cua doanh nghiep, nhung Irdch nhiim xd hot cdn hgn chi'. Niim tin vdo cdng bang ciia ho a miic trung binh. Td't cd nhiing pham chdt nhdn cdch nay di'u cd tuang quan d mite dd nay hay miic dd khdc vdi cdc bi^u hiin khdc nhau ciia ddng ca thdnh dgl vd cd Idc ddng d^n nhiing bieu hien dd, song ndi bat han cd Id su Idc ddng di'n nS luc y chi cua ho trong cdng viec vd tinh chap nhdn mgo hiem de cd ca hdi thdnh cdng. Vi vdy, tgo mdi trudng de phdt trien d doanh nhdn nude ta nhiing pham chdt nhdn cdch nay cUng ddng nghTa vdi viic tgo diSu kiin thugn lai de phdt tri/n dong ca thdnh dgl a ho. Til khoi: Doanh nhan; ddng ca thdnh dgl; pham chdt nhdn cdch ciia doanh nhdn. Ngdy nhdn bdi: 2/7/2012; Ngdyduyit ddng bdi: 20/9/2012. 1. B i t via de Nhin cich con ngudi li mflt thd thflng nhit, trong dd, dflng cp thinh dat la mflt trong nhidu phim chit cua nhin cich. VT viy, nhttng ngudi cd dflng co thanh dat khic nhau se cd nhttng phim chit nhin cich khic nhau. Tuy nhifln, mfl'i tUPng quan gitta nhttng phim chit dd nhu thd nio? Viflc giai quydt vin dd niy se rit cd y nghTa dflT vdi cflng tic tuydn chpn nhin su. Trong vii thip ky qua, mfli quan he gitta dflng co thanh dat vi die didm nhin each cia ci nhin da dupe mflt sd nhi tim ly hoc quan tim nghien ciu. Kdt qua cua nhung nghien ciu dd da phic boa chin dung cua nhttng ngudi cd dflng CO thanh dat cao vdi nhttng die didm nhin cich ndi bit nhu: Ho tin vio viec dat thanh tich, lufln dinh gii cao vd ning luc ban thin; coi trpng trach nhiem ci nhin trong cic thinh cflng cia hp vi sin sing tidp nhin trich nhiem; bp kien dinh dd dat muc dich, cd thd tri hoan su hai long liu hon ngudi khic, tic li chip nhin su hai long ddn mufln hon; ho chi nghi ngoi sau khi da hoan 12 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 thinh cflng vi6c, dat duoc thinh cflng vi lam viflc chim chi hon khi ho thit bai... (3,4, 5 vi nhttng nghien ciu khac). Bai vidt nay se trinh bay kdt qua nghien ciu vd mflT tuong quan gitta ddng CO thinh dat cua nhdm khich thd la doanh nhin nude ta vdi mflt sd die didm nhin cich cia bp nhu tinh tu tin; hing thi nghd nghiep; tinh thin trich nhiem; nidm tin vap cflng bing xa hfli. 2. Phuong phap va khich thd va nghiin cum Phuctng phap nghien ciu chu ydu dupe s i dung la bang hoi vi phdng vin siu. Dflng cP thanh dat"> vi nhttng phim chit nhin cich dupe khao sit vdi cflng cu li cac thang do. Dfl tin ciy cua cic thang do dac didm nhin cich duoc tinh bing he sd alpha cia Cronback. - Thang do tinh tu tin gdm 6 items, dfl tin ciy = 0,78. - Thang do hing thi, say me nghd gdm 7 items, dfl tin ciy = 0,85. - Thang do tinh thin trich nhiem gdm 6 items, dfl tin ciy = 0,71. - Thang do nidm tin vio cflng bing xa hfli gdm 8 items, dp tin ciy = 0,80. Mfli item cd 5 phuong an tri Idi, ing vdi cic mic didm 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Diem cing Idn thi bidu hien mufl'n do dupe xem la cing the hien ro net. Nhin chung, cic thang do cd the s i dung dupe vdi dfl tin ciy khi tfl't. Ngoai dtt lieu thu dupe t i cic bang hdi, ching tfli con s i dung cac kdt qua phdng vi'n siu cung nhu kdt qui nghien ciu cia mflt sd tic gii khic. Khich the cia nghiSn ciu nay li 254 doanh nhin d Ha Nfli, thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, Bien Hoi vdi cic dp tudi, ITnh vuc kinh doanh, trinh dp khic nhau. Khich the tham gia phdng vin siu gdm 30 doanh nhin khflng thuflc miu khich the tham gia tri Idi bang hdi. Khao sit dupe thuc hien nim 2011. Cic dtt heu khao sit dupe x i ly bing phin mem SPSS dung cho nghien ciu khoa hoc xa hfli 3. Ket qua nghien ciiu Viec nghien ciu dong co thinh dat cia dpanh nhin da cho thiy, mflt sd bieu hien nhin each cia doanh nhin nude ta hien nay lien quan den hien tuong tim ly nay. Hp li nhiing ngudi cd kbit vpng thinh dat cao va hp di ri't nfl luc lam viec de dat dupe nhiing gii tri m i hp mong mufl'n, nhieu ngudi trong sd hp sin sang mao hiem dd co co hfli thinh cflng, song ti'nh ganh dua nhin chung khflng manh. Hp cpi trpng gii tri lim chu ban thin, khflng le thuflc vip ngudi khac, coi trpng gii tri ddng tidn nhu nhttng phuong tifln giip hp ning cao chit lupng cufle sdng gia dinh vi ban thin, dd cao nhiing co hfli de ho cd thd khang dinh ban thin trong xa hfli, dupe xa hfli cflng nhin. TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 13 Cing vdi nhttng phim chit dd, nhttng kdt qui nghien ciu dinh lupng vi nghien ciu dinh ti'nh cdn cho thi'y, nhidu phim chit nhin cich khic cua doanh nhin nude ta vi nhttng phim chit nhin cich niy d mic dfl niy hay mic dfl khic, ddu cd tuong quan vdi cic khia canh bidu hifln dflng co thinh dat cua hp. Niem tin vdo ban thdn Theo tu dinh gii cua doanh nhin trong miu nghien ciu, hp la nhttng ngudi cd nidm tin vio bin thin khi cao (DTB = 4,16, DLC = 0,47). Di trong nhttng nim gin diy, tinh hinh kinh td trong nude vi trfln thd gidi cd nhttng didn bidn giy rit nhidu khd khin cho cic doanh nhin nude ta nhu lam phit gia tang, mic tieu ding trong nude giim, dPn dat hing cua dflT tic qudc td giam nhidu do suy thoii kinh id, khi ning tidp cin vfl'n ngiy cing khd khin..., song nhidu doanh nhin vin tin ring, ho se thi'ch ing dupe vdi nhttng thay ddi cua bflT canh phit tridn hien nay vi trong tuong lai (93,9%), tin vio cic quydt dinh cua minh (94,4%), cd d i ning luc dd lim tflT cic cflng viflc cia minh (91,5%) vi tin ring, ho se khing djnh dupe vai trd cua ho trong ITnh vuc boat dflng nghd nghiep (83,3%)... Phim chit tim Vj niy hiu nhu khflng cd khac biet gitta cac nhdm doanh nhin khac nhau theo lia tudi, thim nien kinh doanh, dia bin sinh sfl'ng, loai binh doanh nghiep (nhi nude hay ngoii nhi nude) vi quy mfl doanh nghiep, da ting tham gia cic Idp dio tao kinh doanh hay chua, song cd khic biet khflng nhidu gitta nhttng doanh nhin cd tinh trang kinh doanh khic nhau. Nhttng ngudi cd tinh trang kinh doanh dang dn dinh cd nidm tin cao hon nhttng ngudi ma boat dflng kinh doanh cia ho hifln khflng dn dinh (nhdm doanh nhin cd boat dflng kinh doanh dn dinh cd DTB tinh tu tin = 4,19, trong khi tinh tu tin cia nhdm khflng dn dinh cd DTB = 3,97, p = 0,05). Dong CO thanh dat va nidm tin vao ban thin cd tic dflng nhit dinh ddn cich nhin nhin cua con ngudi vd nhttng nguyen nhin din ddn thinh cflng hay thit bai vi su danh gii dd, ddn lupt minh, lai li nhin td cd anh hudng ddn nfl luc thanh dat cia hp. Mflt sd nghien ciu cua cic nha tim ly hoc nude ngoai cho thiy ring, nhttng ngudi cd dflng co thinh dat cao tin ring, hp l i nhung ngudi thinh dat, cd phim chit tfl't, cd nhidu ning luc vi mong mufl'n chitig td didu dd vdi bin thin vi nhttng ngudi khic. Nhttng ngudi cd dflng co thanh dat ydu thudng tin ring, hp khflng di kha ning vi thudng nd trinh nhttng thi thich vd ning luc. Nhttng nidm tin dd ddn t i diu? Cd thd khing dinh ring, mflt phin li do mic dfl thinh cflng hay kinh ngbiflm cua hp trong cufle sfl'ng. Nhiing ngudi thinh cflng thich t h i thich ban thin trong tuong lai hon nhttng ngudi thudng hay thi't bai. Nhung mat khac, cung cd thd giai thich nidm tin mflt phin do su quy gin, tu tao ra nguyfln nhin cua thinh cflng hay thi't bai. Nhttng quy gin cho thinh cflng hay thi't bai ri't cd the se dua ddn nhiing thinh cflng hay thit bai trong tuong lai. Con ngudi cd thd quy gin cho thanh cflng hay thit bai theo nhttng cich khac nhau. Vi du; 14 TAPCH(TAMLYHOC,SdlO(163), 10-2012 - Vi tri nguyen nhdn: ,. t ^"^S nfli (ydu td chu quan) - nguyen nhin t i die didm ben trong con ngupi: 'hflm nay tfli khflng hoin thinh cflng viec vi tfli dau diu". + Hudng ngoai (ydu td khich quan) - nguyen nhin t i cic ydu td ben ngoai con ngudi: "Tfli danh trupt qua bdng vi bai cd mi'p mfl". - Tinh dn dinh: -t Ti'nh dn djnh - nguyfln nhin cd tinh dn dinh tuong dflT: "Tfli dat kdt qua tat VI nfli dung cflng viec lufln lufln dd ding". •^ Ti'nh khflng dn dinh - nguyfln nhin lien quan ddn tinh hay thay ddi: "Tfli dat ket qua tfl't vi tfli khflng met mdi nhu moi ngay". - Tinh kiem sodt, khd ndng ki/m sodt: + Tinh kidm soil - nguyen nhin nim trong su kidm soil cua con ngudi: "Tfli bat dupe nhidu ci vi tfli biet cich thi diy ciu eliinh xic". + Tinh khflng kidm soil - nguyen nhin nim ngoii khi nang kidm soil cia con ngudi: "Btta in don gian vi Id nudng khflng boat dflng". Bdng 1: Ly gidi ciia doanh nhdn ve nguyen nhdn thdnh cdng hay that bgi cua ho (% sd ngudi ghi nhdn) Cac nguyen nhan dSn den thanh cdng Cac nguyen nhan dan den thS't bai % % 1. Do t6i da c6 ging, nO luc trong giai quyet vSn di 72,3 I. Do t6i chua that su cd gang 49,1 2. Do vSn d6 c ^ giai quy^t kh6ng quakho 4,5 2. Do cd su cd bail kha khang (siJc khoe khdng dam bao, con dm, co viec ddt xuat cSn danh phai thcd giand^ giaiquy^t...) 36,8 3. Do van may 20,3 6. Do tdi khdng gap may 22.2 4. Do nhflng ngucri xung quanh, ddng nghiep iing h6 t6i 49,2 7. Do nhung ngucri xung quanh khdng ung hd, khdng danh gii diing v^tdi 28,7 5. Do tei CO dii nang luc, du thbng minh di giai quy^t vaii d^ 28,8 5. Do tdi khdng dii nang luc d^ giai quy^t van de 16,4 6. Do doanh nghiep hoac do ban than tei cd dii di^u kien vat chlit c5n ihiSt d^ giai quye't v£n d^ 15,8 4. Do doanh nghiep khdng tao du di^u kidn vat chail cin thidt 32,7 7. Do tei CO dii kiSh thiic, thdng tin. 54,8 3. Do vSin dd cdn giai quydt khdng 50,3 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10-2012 15 thudc ITnh vuc am hi^u cOa tdi, tdi chua dii kidn thflc, thdng tin, trinh dd ky nang d^ RIM quydt tdt vfl'n dd du trinh dd d^ giki quydt v&n di 8. Do c6 su cd vD, ddng vidn, ung hd cfia ngufri than 10,2 8. Do ngudi than trong gia dinh khdng ling hd 7.6 9. Do duac l^m vide vdi nhflng ngu6i c6 kinh nghifim 41.2 9. Do phSi lim vi^c vdi nhflng ngufti chua cd kinh nghidm 38.6 Vdi mfl hinh trfln thi mflt ngudi dat thinh tich rit cd khi ning duy tri su cd ging, ndu ngudi i'y cho ring, tri thflng minh vi tinh thin lim viflc chim chi li nguyfln nhin cua kdt qua dd. Tri thflng minh li ydu td bfln trong, cd ti'nh dn djnh, tinh thin lim viflc chim chi li ydu td nim trong sir kidm soat cua ho. Ngoii ra, ngudi dd cung se khflng nan Idng ndu cho ring (quy gin) that bai li do nguyfln nhin khich quan (ydu td bfln ngoii), khflng dn dinh, su mil kidm soit. Ngupe lai, ndu con ngudi quy gin cho su thinh cflng li do nhttng ydu td khich quan, khflng dn dinh (vi du, su may min) hoic quy gin cho su thit bai la do cic die didm chu quan, dn dinh thi hp co thd ngimg c6' ging thinh dat. Mflt sfl' nhi nghien ciu cho ring, cd thd buin luyen, dio tao con ngudi thay ddi mfl hinh quy gin cia hp dd gia ting tinh thin nfl lie cd ging thinh dat cua hp. Kdt qui khip sit tren doanh nhin nude ta cho thi'y, phin Idn doanh nhin trong miu khao sit nhin nhin nhttng nguyen nhin din ddn thinh cflng cia hp trudc hdt li do nhttng ydu td b6n trong xuit phit t i ban thin hp m i bp cd the kiem soit dupe, dd li su cd ging, nfl luc cua ban thin (72,3% sd ngudi ghi nhin); li trinh dfl va kidn thic cia hp (54,8%). Tidp ddn li nhttng nguyen nhin ben ngpii ma trpng chimg muc nhit dinh, cung cd thd kidm spat dupe, dd li su ing hfl cua ddng nghiep (49,2%) vi kinh nghiem lam viec cua nhttng ngudi cing cflng tic (41,2%). Nguyfln nhin ben trong cd ti'nh dn dinh (cd du nang luc, du thflng minh) cung dupe khoing 1/3 sd ngudi dd cip ddn. Nhttng nguyen nhin din ddn thit bai trudc hdt cung la nhdm cic ydu td cd cung tinh chit nhu viy, nhung vd mat npi dung cd chidu hudng ngupe lai, ching han, do van de cin giai quydt khflng thuflc ITnh vuc am hidu, do thidu kidn thic, thflng tin, ky nang... (50,3%), do chua thit su cd ging (49,1%), do nhttng ngudi cung lam viec thidu kinh nghiem (38,6%); hay ddng nghiSp khflng ing hfl (28,7%). Nguyfln nhin ben trong nhung cd tinh khflng dn dinh, nhu do cd su cd bit kha khing (sic khoe khflng dam bio, con fl'm, cd viflc dflt xuit cin dinh phii thdi gian dd giii quydt...) cflng dupe 36,8% sd ngudi ghi nhin. Nhttng nguyen nhin khich quan hpic chu quan, khflng kidm soit dupe hoic cd tinh dn dinh cd sd lupng ngudi ghi nhin It hpn: 32,7% sd ngudi cho ring, do khflng du didu kifln vit chi't vi chi cd 16,4% sd ngudi cho ring, do hp thidu ning luc. Su may min nhu mflt ydu td din den thinh cflng hoic thit bai chi cd khoing 1/5 sd ngudi 16 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 ghi nhin. Nhttng ke't qua nay cho thiy, nhidu doanh nhin khi tu tin, hp cho rang, hp li ngudi chiu trich nhiem chi'nh trong nhttng thinh cflng hay thit bai ciia minh. Cich Ijj giai nguySn nhin thanh cflng hay thit bai cua hp cho thiy, nhidu kha nang hp se tidp tue cd ging dd dat dupe thanh cflng trong nhttng hoin canh cd tinh kich thich hPn. Cic ke't qui phin ti'eh tupng quan trfln miu doanh nhin nude ta cho thi'y, nidm tin vao ban thin la mflt phim chit nhin cich cd tuong quan kha chat che vdi nhttng khia canh khic nhau thd hifln dflng co thinh dat cua doanh nhin. Nhttng doanh nhin cang tin vio ban thin thi mic nfl luc j chi dd hudng tdi thinh cflng cua hp cang Idn (r = 0,592, p < 0,01), kbit vpng thinh dat cing manh (r = 0,465, p < 0,01), cd nhung hinh dflng mao hidm hon trong kinh doanh (r = 0,447, p < 0,01) vi cuflT cing li ti'nh ganh dua cung ro ring hon (r = 0,305, p < 0,01). Su tie dflng tuong hfl gitta nhttng phim chit nay se tao ra nhiing tinh bufl'ng, nhttng hoin einh dd ching cd co hfli ngiy cing dupe cing cd hpn d dpanh nhin. Tinh thdn trdch nhiem vdi cdng viic Nhttng con ngudi cd tinh thin trich nbiflm cao thudng li nhttng ngudi cd ddng CO thanh dat cao trong cflng viec cia minh. Diy la nhin xdt dupe rit ra t i nhttng kdt qua nghien cihi tren nhihig nhdm ngudi lao dflng khic nhau d nude ta (ching han, tri thic, thanh nifln vdi nhttng nganh nghd khic nhau... (1, 2)) va nhin xet niy cung ding dflT vdi doanh nhin. Kdt qui khio sit tren doanh nhin cho thi'y, tinh thin trich nhiem cua hp cd tuong quan thuin chieu kha manh vdi nhttng bieu hien khac nhau cia dflng co thinh dat trong cflng viflc cua hp, dac biet la vdi khia canh nd luc y chi, kbit vpng thinh dat vi ti'nh map hidm trong kinh doanh (he sfl' tuong quan pearson r lin lupt bing 0,67; 0,47 va 0,38; p < 0,01). Tinh thin trich nhiem cung cd tUPng quan thuin chidu vdi tinh ganh dua, song moT tuong quan gitta hai bidn niy ydu hon (he sd tuong quan r = 0,21, p < 0,01). Nhu viy, cd thd du doan ring, tinh thin trich nhiem cua doanh nhin cang cao thi kbit vpng thanh dat cua hp thudng cang cao va hp cd nfl luc y chi manh me nhim hien thuc hoi nhung kbit vpng thinh dat cua minh. Trong kinh doanh, hp cung sin sing chip nhin mao hidm hon vi ua thich mflt mfli trudng lim viflc cd tinh ganh dua. Nhttng doanh nhin trong miu khao sit tu thi'y, minh la nhung ngudi nhu thd nio? Hp cho ring, hp cd tinh thin trich nhiem cao vdi cflng viflc (DTB = 4,28, DLC = 0,48). Hp li nhttng ngudi mong mudn dupe lim viflc vi cho ring, cflng viec dem lai y nghTa cho cufle sfl'ng (86,1%). Trong cflng viec, hp nghiem khic vdi ban thin (83,3%) va cho ring, mfli ngudi cin phai lam tfl't cflng viflc cua minh (95,5%), vi viy, hp lim viec tin tim (95,0%) va cd ging thuc Men ding nhung gi minh da cam ket (94,5%). TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 17 Chic chin trong bflT cinh cd tinh canh tranh ngiy cing cao vi die biflt khi ndn kmh td trong nude cung nhu trfln thd gidi dang cd nhttng bidu hien khflng thuin Ipi nhu hifln nay thi nfl'u dpanh nhin khflng cd trich nhiem vdi cflng viec cua minh vi thd hifln didu dd trong tinh thin nd luc, kien tri lim viec thi rit khd vupt qua nhttng khd khin. Doanh nhin hidu rit rd didu niy. Trong qui trinh lin Ifln dd kinh doanh, dd cd dupe mdi hing, dd cd vfl'n vi dd cd khich hang, dpanh nhin da gip bap khd khin, khd khin niy ndi tidp khd khin khic. Vdi khflng It ngudi, tinh trich nhiem li mdt yflu ciu v6 didu kien ddi vdi cflng viec. "Hon 2 nam Idn Idn. Nhung khi da cd md'i hing thi khd khan lai la vdn. Khi dinh hudng duoc khdch hang rSi thi khd khdn lai Id ngudn hdng. Khi dacd ngudn hdng thi khd khdn Id vdn vi cao su gid tri rd't cao. Hdi ddu thi 20 trieul tdn, nhung gid WO triiultdn. Nhu vdy Id Idng gdp 5 Idn ma vd'n thi cd tdng duac ddu. Vi vdy, phai kien tri. Khi anh dd xdc dinh duoc dinh hudng rdi, dudng di nude budc rdi md thii'u kiin tri, budng xudi, nui ndy Irdng nui no Id that bgi ngay. Ldn ddu Id'y dugc Id hdng 40 tdn md Id 600 Irieu. Nhung gid thi cd kinh nghiim, thdnh Ihgo rdi. Mat hdng ndy cd tinh quy md loan cdu, luc nao cUng ngSi tren mgng de bii't Ihdng lin. Nin ne'u mdt ngudi kinh doanh md khdng cd Ifdch nhiim, khdng kiin Iri, khdng chiu khd chiu khd, Idc nao cUng lo chuy/n hudng thi cUng khdng duoc" (Doanh nhin nam, 48 tudi, Giim ddc Cflng ty xuit nhip khiu). "Ddu tien Id nghT minh phdn ddu bdng hi't khd ndng cua minh. Duong nhien trong tdm ciia minh thi minh cd thevuon len duoc bdng nhiing ngudi ndy ngudi kia. Em nghi la phai cd muc tiiu nhung vdn de Id thiic hien bdng cdch nd Itic, ndng Itic ciia minh chU khdng duoc bdng cdch khdng dep. Ldc em vdo thi tdt cd moi vi tri da an bdi rdi. Minh cung phai phdn tich duac Uu nhuac diem ciia minh, nhttng se'p dd giao viec chua biet ddng sai, cd lam duoc hay khdng nhung vdn phai lin dudng. Ti(c Id, lOc nao cung phai sdn sdng, quyet tdm lam vd cd trdch nhiim vdi cdng viic" (nam, 32 tudi, Phd Giim dfl'e Cflng ty c6 phin may). Tuy nhien, dudng nhu tren thuc td tinh thin trich nhiflm cua doanh nhin nude ta dupe thd hifln khflng phai nhu nhau dflT vdi moi khia canh lien quan ddn cflng viflc kinh doanh cia bp. Cd thd hp ri't quan tim dfl'n nhttng khia canh dam bio cho cflng viflc sin xuit, tieu thu sin phim cua hp dupe trfli chay. Ndi each khac, bp rit quan tim dfl'n khia canh Ipi leh phat tridn riflng cua doanh nghiep. Song kinh doanh li mflt boat ddng da dien, khflng bd hep 6 nhiing khia canh nflu trfln. Kinh doanh li mflt dang boat dflng xa hfli va mflt trpng nhttng yflu ciu xa hfli quan trpng dflT vdi doanh nhin la hp phai cd trich nhiflm xa hfli. 18 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 Trich nhiem xa hfli cua doanh nghiep la vin dd duoc ban luin nhidu d nude ta hien nay. Theo Hoi ddng Doanh nghiep thd gidi vi su phit tridn bdn vOng, trich nhiem xa hdi cua doanh nghiep (Corporate Social Responsibility hay CSR) "la sa cam kdt trong vi6e ing x i hop dao y vi ddng gdp vio sir phit trien kinh td, ddng thdi cai thien chit lupng cufle sfl'ng cua luc lupng lao dflng va gia dinh hp, cung nhu cua cflng ddng dia phucmg vi cia loan xi hfli ndi chung". ^. Cdn theo nhdm Phit tridn kinh td tu nhin cua Ngin hang Thfl' gidi (WB) thi "CRS la su cam kdt cia doanh nghiep ddng gdp cho viec phat tridn kinh td bdn vttng, thflng qua nhttng viflc lam ning cao chit lupng ddi sfl'ng cia ngucti lao dflng va cic thinh vifln trong gia dinh hp; chp cdng ddng vi toin xa hfli, theo cich cd Ipi cho ca doanh nghiep cung nhu phit tridn chung cua xi hfli"... (din theo 6). Nhu viy, ben canh nhttng boat dflng vi Ipi Ich phat tridn riflng cua timg doanh nghiep phi hpp vdi phip luit hien hinh tlii boat dflng cua cic doanh nghiflp phai gin kflT vdi ipi Ich cua ngudi lap dflng, Ipi I'ch phit tridn chung cua cflng ddng xa hfli vi trong giai doan hifln nay tlii trich nhiflm bio vfl mfli trudng dupe die biet coi trpng. Trich nhiem xa hfli cua doanh nghiflp la mflt vi'n de mdi dupe quan tim nhidu 6 nude ta trong thip nifln via qua vi nhidu doanh nhin nude ta ngay cing da cd nhin thic siu sic ring thuc hien trich nhiflm xa hfli la yflu ciu tit ydu khich quan trong qui trinh hfli nhip. Tuy nhifln, viec thuc hien trich nhiem niy trong thuc td cdn nhidu ban chfl'. Ching ban, nghien ciu cua Nguyfln Thi Lan (2004) cho thi'y, khi dinh gii vd dao die kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep tu nhin thd hien trong thuc hien trich nhiem vi nghTa vu dflT vdi x i hfli, dflT vfli ban hang va ngudi tiflu dung, ddi vdi ngudi lao dflng trong doanh nghiep, phin ldn ngudi dan cho ring, nhin chung, cic doanh nghiep tu nhin chua thuc hien tfl't nhttng trich nhiflm nay (7). Theo nghifln ciu cua Ngin hing Thd gidi, hifln nay cdn nhidu rio can vi thich thic cho viflc thuc hien trich nhiem xa hfli cia doanh nghiflp nude ta. Nhin thic cia doanh nhin ve khii niem trich nhiem xa hoi cdn ban chd, cd su nhim lin gitta viflc thuc hifln trich nhiflm xa hfli vi boat dflng tham gia giai quye't cic vin dd xa hfli mang tinh nhin dao, t i thien...; thidu ngudn tai chinh va ky thuit dd thuc hien cac chuin muc trich nhiem xa hoi (dac biSt la dflT vdi cac doanh nghiep via vi nbd vi lien quan den vi'n dd bao ve mfli trudng); trinh dp sin xuit, kinh doanh, trinh dp quan ly cdn thip, nen khi phai thuc hien ddng thdi nhidu bp quy tic ing x i thi ning suit bi inh hudng v.v... Vi viy, trong toan bfl hoat dflng kinh doanh cua minh, khflng it doanh nhan cd the da quan tim dfl'n d&i sfl'ng ngudi lao dflng vi gia dinh hp, song viflc thuc hien trich nhiem xa hfli 6 pham vi rflng hon (nhu gdp phin phit tridn bdn vttng, vi Ipi Ich cua cflng ddng vi toin bfl xa hfli...) da chua dupe that su chu trpng. Bfln canh dd, nhttng dac didm tam ly cia con ngudi Viet Nam cung lao nen rio can trong thuc hifln trach nhiflm xa hfli cua doanh nhin nude ta. TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 19 "Ddnh gid vi' doanh nhdn Viil Nam thi hoi khd. Tinh di'n cdi 6n dinh vd Idu ddi khdng nhieu vt ddt muc liiu loi nhudn kinh le lin hdng ddu. Tai sao hdng hod Viil Nam chd'l luong ihd'p'/ Tdi gdp rd't nhii'u trudng App; Thay vi chii trgng nhiiu d('n chdt luong, ihuong hiiu dd cd, ho chd tdm di'n loi nhudn. Cd nhiing hdng hod dugrc bao hdnh 2, 3 ndm ni'u do Idi ki thudt sdn xudt. Nhung khi minh dem di'n bdo hdnh, ho tim moi cdch dithodi thdc trdch nhiim, khdng nhdn iSi v4 minh. Cdch ddy 5 ndm, Idi Idm dai li cdp 1 cho hdng Mitsubishi, nhiiu trudng hap minh cUng biic xiic. Nhii'u khi minh mua dd vdn phdng ve hu, nhd sdn xudt dd Idi cho ngudi lieu ddng... Mdt sd'cdi Idm rd't Id'l nhu tham hdi, ggi diin thogi, nhung Irdch nhiem dSi vdi sdn pham ciia minh thi chua dgl. Cdi ndy cd hai mat. V^ kinh ti', khi bdn mdt sdn phdm... ngudi Viit Nam Ihich oai, mudn dS ISi ve khdch hdng, khdng mud'n til nhdn Id kem, Id sai" (nam, 40 tudi, Giim ddc Cflng ty TNHH). Nhttng sai Iflch trong nhin nhin vd trich nhiflm xa hfli tit cung se din ddn nhttng sai lech trong dinh hudng kbit vpng thinh dat vi nhung nfl luc

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