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SECTION 11 Restrictions / Limitations Night Flying Night crew cross-country flights in single-engine aircraft are prohibited. Flights in single-engine aircraft must be planned and conducted so that they will arrive during daytime conditions. If unexpected delays enroute will prevent a singleengine crew cross-country flight from reaching its destination before nightfall, pilots should divert to an acceptable alternate airport. Night crew cross-country flights may only be conducted with specific authorization by ATP Flight Operations. Under normal circumstances flights will be planned and conducted so they arrive during daytime conditions. Full Stop Landings All landings will be made to a full stop. Practice pattern work, touch-and-goes, and stop-and-goes are not authorized during crew cross-countries. Go-arounds are authorized and encouraged any time an approach or landing becomes unstable or unsafe. Maneuvers & Practice Approaches Prohibited ATP prohibits in-flight maneuvers and practice approaches during cross-country flights. This policy does not preclude crews from requesting an instrument approach at their destination, as discussed in Section 10, "Standard Operating Procedures." Use of Tobacco Products The use of tobacco products is not permitted in or near any ATP aircraft or ATP facility. This includes smokeless tobacco products and electronic cigarettes. Alcohol or Drugs ATP students must allow a minimum of 12 hours “bottle to throttle” between consuming alcohol and operating an ATP aircraft. They must also observe the other requirements of FAR §91.17: Restrictions / Limitations • 67 • • • Not under the influence of alcohol. Not using any drug that impairs piloting ability, including prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Blood alcohol concentration less than 0.04 percent. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in program termination. Use of Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) Refer to ATP Training Library > Bulletins > Use of Portable Electronic Devices. ATP prohibits the use of personal electronic devices (including phones, music players, cameras, or similar devices) during all flight and ground operations. Use of ForeFlight for iPad is acceptable for navigation purposes. Phone calls, texting, listening to music, or photography during flight or ground operations causes distractions, interferes with crew and ATC communication, and poses a safety issue. Failure to comply with this policy may result in program termination. Approved Aircraft Occupants During crew cross-country flights, the only approved aircraft occupants are the two crew cross-country-students specifically authorized by ATP Flight Operations. No one else may occupy the aircraft. IFR Flight Plan All crew cross-countries must be conducted under IFR on an IFR flight plan. This increases safety and ensures ATC services are available throughout the flight. Crews may not cancel IFR until they are on the ground at their destination airport. LAHSO Clearances Crews are not authorized to accept Land and Hold Short (LAHSO) clearances. If ATC assigns a LAHSO clearance, inform them you are “unable” to accept, and they will coordinate a full-length landing. Dress Code Students in the Airline Career Pilot Program are training to become professional pilots and are required to maintain a neat, clean, and professional look. Students must adhere to the standard ATP student dress code, as found in the ATP Student & Instructor Handbook. 68 • Restrictions / Limitations SECTION 12 Abnormal Procedures Use of Alternate Airports / Diversion Students on crew cross-countries must identify and divert to a suitable alternate airport if any of the following conditions exist: • • • • • Unsafe conditions are encountered while enroute. The time enroute for the cross-country flight is going to exceed the maximum flight duration for their aircraft (refer to Fuel Management section). The reported weather at the destination airport deteriorates below minimums for cross-country crews. The PF finds it necessary to suspend two-pilot operations. ATP Flight Operations requests that you divert. Suitable alternates must have a hard-surfaced runway with a runway length of 4,000’ or greater for Multi-Engine aircraft, or 3,000 or greater for Single-Engine aircraft. Landing on unpaved surfaces shorter than these minimums is only authorized in the event of an emergency landing. Other factors to consider when choosing the best alternate include: • ATP operations at that airport: If one is reasonably close, choose an airport listed in the ATP Airport Pages. • Control Tower: Wherever possible, choose an alternate with an operating control tower. Weather conditions: They should be above the conditions required for cross-country crews. Services: Choose an attended airport with fuel available. Instrument approaches: The alternate should have IAPs available, preferably for an ILS approach. • • • NOTE: In an emergency situation, pilots may divert to any airport or landing site that enables a safe conclusion of a flight. Do not allow a situation to become critical because the “ideal” airport cannot be located. Abnormal Procedures • 69 Pilot Deviations Pilot deviations are defined by the FAA as “the actions of a pilot that result in the violation of a Federal Aviation Regulation.” Pilot deviations are serious, and may result in enforcement action being taken by the FAA. In most cases, the controlling agency (ATC) will advise pilots that a possible pilot deviation has occurred (often times by providing the pilot a phone number for a further conversation once the plane has landed). If a pilot deviation occurs, pilots should do the following: • • • Notify Flight Safety & Support Team immediately to provide details of the deviation by calling 904-595-7994. Review details of the event with a member of the Flight Safety & Support Team. Additional written information may be requested and may be sent to safety@allatps.com. Complete a ASRS Report (for the FAA), and follow any other recommendations or instructions by the safety team. NOTE: The ATP Safety, Flight Operations and Training Departments value your safety and the viability of your certificates – not punitive action. Misunderstandings and mistakes happen. It is part of the learning process. The Flight Safety & Support Team can often provide guidance to help minimize the effects of a deviation and help prevent similar occurrences in the future. Intercept Procedures Both pilots must be familiar with procedures for being intercepted by a military or law enforcement aircraft. A copy of these procedures must be readily available at all times (ForeFlight > Documents > ATP Flight School). In the event you find yourself intercepted by a US military or law enforcement aircraft, follow these procedures: • • • • Follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft. If these instructions conflict with instructions from ATC, request clarification, but immediately comply with the intercepting aircraft’s commands. Notify ATC, if possible. Attempt to communicate with the intercepting aircraft and ATC on the emergency frequency 121.5, giving the identity and position of your aircraft and the nature of the flight. Squawk 7700 unless otherwise instructed by ATC. Most interceptions occur as a result of pilots inadvertently flying through TFRs. This is easily avoidable by reviewing TFRs before every flight at tfr.faa.gov. Additionally, exercise caution when operating near the Washington, D.C. SFRA and near prohibited and restricted areas. 70 • Abnormal Procedures SECTION 13 Emergency Procedures Engine Failures in Single-Engine Aircraft Engine failures can occur during any phase of flight: the takeoff roll, after takeoff, enroute, etc. Each requires a unique response based on the time available to deal with the emergency. If the engine fails in-flight, the basic procedure for any single-engine aircraft can be recalled with this mnemonic: A Airspeed – pitch for best glide B Best place to land – determine. (use the nearest C Checklist – accomplish (time permitting) D Declare emergency (time permitting) E Emergency Exit – Prepare (Emergency Landing No page on the GPS as a resource; time permitting) Engine Power Checklist; open passenger door prior to touchdown; time permitting) Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll If an engine failure or abnormality occurs during the takeoff roll, the PF should immediately close the throttle and apply brakes. The PM should promptly advise tower of the aborted takeoff to help maintain separation and avoid a runway incursion. Example “Tower, N254SP abort runway 14.” Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff If an engine fails immediately after takeoff without sufficient runway remaining for a safe landing, the PF must establish the best glide speed and fly to the landing site identified during the pre-takeoff plan and briefing. The landing site should be within 30° of the runway centerline. Do not attempt a 180° turn back Emergency Procedures • 71 to the departure runway below traffic pattern altitude. This helps to minimize banking at low airspeeds, which can result in an unrecoverable, low-altitude stall or spin. The PF should secure the aircraft prior to touchdown, using the memory items briefed during the pre-takeoff brief. In the Cessna 172, flaps should be in their final position before switching the battery master switch to the off position. Again, reviewing the emergency procedure during the pre-takeoff brief just prior to takeoff will ensure actions are performed in the correct order and contribute to a successful outcome. Time permitting, the PM should assist with the emergency checklist and advise tower of the emergency. Enroute (VFR/IFR) Should an engine failure occur enroute (anytime between the After Takeoff Checklist and Before Landing Checklist), the PF should immediately pitch for best glide and remove the view limiting device. Select the best landing site based on location and altitude. The PM should already have a landing site in mind based on continuous visual scanning of the surrounding area, the VFR sectional, and the GPS nearest function. While proceeding to the landing site, the PF should attempt to restore power by completing the Engine Failure During Flight checklist memory items, assisted by the PM. Time permitting, the PM should declare an emergency and continue to assist the PF by verifying checklist completion and calling out any airspeed or course deviations. Emergency Landing Sites The PM is responsible for continuously scanning for suitable airports and offfield landing sites in the event of an engine failure or other emergency. The PM must be familiar with the “nearest airport” function on the GPS in addition to constant visual scanning and crosscheck of the VFR sectional while enroute. Constant awareness of potential emergency landing sites is a crucial PM function. Vacuum Failures In K-P model Cessnas equipped with a single vacuum pump, the loss of the vacuum pump will lead to the failure of the attitude indicator and directional gyro, requiring the PF to fly the aircraft partial panel. Declare an emergency, exit instrument conditions, and proceed to the nearest suitable airport that can be reached in visual conditions. 72 • Emergency Procedures With the exception of the Cessna 172 K-P models, ATP aircraft with conventional instruments are equipped with dual vacuum pumps for redundancy. In these aircraft, the loss of one pump generally will not cause the instruments to fail, as the other pump will usually provide sufficient vacuum pressure for normal instrument operation. However, pilots must be alert for vacuum pump failures (indicated by an annunciator panel light and/or a flag on the vacuum gauge), make a determination of how a vacuum pump failure can affect the safety of flight, and choose the best course of action if a pump fails while enroute. For example, it may be preferable to exit or avoid IMC and divert to an alternate airport in VMC conditions. NOTE: If heading indication is lost, select the position page from the NAV group on the Garmin 430 to provide heading direction or track. Report all failures and maintenance discrepancies to ATP Flight Operations once the flight is concluded in accordance with ATP maintenance procedures. Emergency Procedures • 73 SECTION 14 Arrival Procedures Securing Aircraft All aircraft used for cross-country flights are to be left properly secured and in a neat and clean condition immediately following each use. This includes tying the aircraft down, installing sun shades, removing trash, and securing the flight controls. This must be accomplished every time the aircraft is left unattended, including transient stops for lunch, etc. Never leave an aircraft unchocked, unsecured, or in disarray. Contact ATP Flight Operations Upon Landing Within 30 minutes after arriving at each airport, the PIC must establish contact with ATP Flight Operations by calling (904) 595-7980. Advise ATP Flight Operations of any maintenance issues or other abnormalities that may have occurred. During the call, provide the departure and arrival Hobbs times from the Flight Tracker A/C Log form. Once this information is received, ATP Flight Operations will verify the upcoming flight schedule and provide instructions for the next flight or information on lodging / travel arrangements. If unable to contact ATP Flight Operations after multiple attempts, call Mike Krieger at (904) 233-6363. 74 • Arrival Procedures SECTION 15 Maintenance Procedures Aircraft Status Aircraft status describes the availability of an aircraft for flight operations using three status conditions: 1. 2. 3. Available for Preflight Maintenance Reports DO NOT FLY - Assigned to Maintenance Available for Preflight (GO) Aircraft is available for preflight and has no unresolved maintenance reports. Maintenance Reports (Need More Info) Aircraft has one or more unresolved maintenance reports. You need more information to make a PIC decision about the airworthiness of the aircraft and its suitability for your flight. Get this information by clicking the link in the response SMS or by calling Flight Operations before completing your preflight inspection. DO NOT FLY - Assigned to Maintenance (NO GO) Never fly an aircraft reported as “Do Not Fly”. The aircraft is either in maintenance or provisioned for maintenance and you cannot fly / operate the aircraft. Getting Aircraft Status Students can determine the status of any ATP aircraft using several methods: • • • • Flight Tracker SMS System (used in real-time throughout the day) Training Center Status Board (available at some locations) Aircraft Information Page Phone call to ATP Flight Operations (used for backup of computer systems) Maintenance Procedures • 75 Flight Tracker SMS System Most frequently, the status of an aircraft will be checked using the Flight Track SMS system during the preflight inspection. Both instructors and students may use the Flight Tracker SMS System to check the status of any aircraft at any time. To check the status via SMS, text the N-number of the aircraft to the Flight Tracker SMS system at (404) 994-5388. The system will respond with one of the status conditions: “Available for Preflight”, “Maintenance Reports”, or “DO NOT FLY - Assigned to Maintenance”. IMPORTANT: Pay close attention to responses from the Flight Tracker SMS system. Never assume that sending a status check message results in an “Available for Preflight” response. Training Center Status Board Some training centers have a Training Center Status Board display installed. This shows aircraft status by color code. Green corresponds to “Available for Preflight”. Orange corresponds to “Maintenance Reports”. Aircraft with a status of “DO NOT FLY - Assigned to Maintenance” are shown in a separate section in gray. The Training Center Status Board is a helpful tool to monitor aircraft status, but it does not replace the mandatory Flight Tracker SMS procedure for determining aircraft status. Aircraft Quick Reference Page The status of any aircraft can be seen on the Aircraft Quick Reference page. Go to Library > Aircraft Information Manuals > Aircraft Quick Reference. Backup Plan: Call Flight Operations If any computerized system is unavailable, Flight Operations can be called at (904-595-7980) to get the aircraft status and hear any unresolved maintenance reports. IMPORTANT: No flights in ATP aircraft are authorized without checking aircraft status during the preflight inspection. Maintenance Items Discovered During Preflight If maintenance issues or other concerns are discovered during preflight, contact ATP Flight Operations, who will work with the ATP Maintenance Department to address the issue. This applies to all students, including those currently located at an ATP maintenance facility. 76 • Maintenance Procedures