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\' TIM HIEU VE CAC BIEN PHAP XUT L^ CHUYEN HI/dNG DOI Vdl NGl/dl C H U A THANH NIEN PHAM TOI TRONG BO LUAT H I N H SU N A M 2015 ThS. Hodng Minh Dire' Nguyin Phan Trung An^ udi che do xd hdi ehu nghTa, con ngudi khi hg Id chu thd eua tgi pham cung nhu khi hg va van de bdo dam quyen con ngudi la la ddi tugng tae ddng ciia tdi phgm. trung tam cua mgi hogt ddng xa hdi. Quan Nhdm thd chd hda quan didm, chu truang diem xuydn sudt the hien trong dudng ldi, mang tinh nhdn dgo cao cd eua Dang va Nha chinh sach cua Dang vd Nha nude Viet Nam la nude ta trong vide xu ly ddi vdi NCTN pham ludn coi con ngudi vfta la muc tieu, vua la tpi, dd dap ling ydu cdu ddu tranh phdng, ddng lye cua su phat tridn ddt nude, trong dd chdng tpi pham trong tinh hinh mdi, trdn co tre em, ngudi ehua thanh nidn (NCTN) dugc sd tidp thu nhftng gid tri cua nhn vdn minh vi nhu bup mang non. Id ngudn hanh phiic cua nhan loai vd truydn thdng tdt dep cua dan toe, gia dinh, tuong lai cua ddn tdc, ehu nhdn kd tuc ddng thdi, npi ludt hda nhung cam ket quoc sy nghiep phat trien dat nude. Cuong ITnh xdy te ma Viet Nam da phd ehuan vdo he thdng dung ddt nude trong thdi ky qua dp len chu phap ludt qudc gia, dya tren ket qua cua qua nghTa xa hdi (bd sung, phdt tridn nam 2011) da trinh nghien cuu danh gia thuc tien thi hanh nhdn mgnh: "...Chit trgng cdi thien diiu kien Bd ludt hinh sy (BLHS) nhftng ndm vfta qua, sdng. lao ddng vd hoc tap cda thanh niin, thiiusau qud trinh xem xet than trpng, sdu sdc va nien, gido due vd bdo ve tre em... "^. Doi vdi chu ddo, tgi ky hgp thii 10 Qudc hpi khda NCTN noi chung. tre em ndi rieng, quan didm XIII, da chinh thuc thdng qua BLHS ndm cua Nhd nude ta Id bdo vd, chdm sdc va gido 2015 gdm 3 phdn, 26 chuong vd 426 didu. Bd due nham giiip hp phdt tridn vd thd chat lan tinh lugt cd hieu luc thi hanh tu ngay 1/7/2016. thaq mpt each tdt nhat. Dieu 37 Hidn phap BLHS nam 2015 da tao co sd phdp ly vftng nude Cpng hda xa hdi chu nghTa Viet Nam (sfta ehde cho edng tde ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi ddi, bd sung nam 2013) xac dinh: "Tre em phgm gdp phan bao ve chii quyen qudc gia, dugc Nhd nu&c. gia dinh vd xd hdi bdo vi, an ninh eua dat nude, bdo vd che dp xa hpi chdm sdc vd gido due; dugc tham gia vdo cdcchu nghTa, quydn eon ngudi, quydn cdng ddn, vdn di vi Ire em " "'. Dieu 5 Lugt Bao vd, ehambao vd quydn binh ddng giua ddng bdo cdc sde vd gido dye tre em nam 2004 cung quy ddn tdc, bao vd lgi ich cua Nhd nude, td chuc, dinh rd: "Viic bdo ve, chdm sdc vd gido due bdo vd trdt tu phdp lugt, chdng mpi hdnh vi tre em la trdch nhiim cua gia dinh, nhd tru&ng, pham tpi; giao dye mgi ngudi y thuc tudn theo Nhd nuac. xa hgi vd cong dan"'. Trdn binh phap ludt, phdng ngfta vd ddu tranh chdng tdi didn chinh sach hinh su cua Ddng vd Nha nude pham. Ddc bidt, tai ehuong XII eua BLHS ta, thi Hidn phap va phdp ludt ludn coi tre em, nam 2015 dd cap den nhihig quy dinh ddi vdi NCTN la ddi tugng cdn bdo vd, chdm sdc va ngudi dudi 18 tudi pham tpi (tu Didu 90 den quan tam dgc bidt ddi vdi ed hai trudng hgp, Dieu 107). Trong pham vi bdi vidt nay, tac gia D '•^Tru&ng Dai hoc Canh sat nhan dan ' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2011), Van kien Dgi hgi dai bieu loan quoc Idn ihuXI, Nxb. Chfnh trj qu6c gia Sy that, Ha Npi, tr 79-80. " HiSn phap nirdc C^ng h6a xS hpi chu nghia Vi^t Nam (sua doi, bo sung nSm 2013). •^ Lu|it Bao vfi, cham soc v^ giao due tre em nam 2004. ^(f^mnao tap trung nghien eiiu lam sang td sy can thiet Didu 69 BLHS ndm 1999 cung nhu cae chd tai ciia viec quy djnh, nguyen tae, dilu kidn, khdng giam gift thidu bai bdn, khdng hieu qu& phgm vi, thu tyc ap dyng cita cac bidn phap do thieu ede dich vy hd trg va cac ngudn nhan giam sat, giao due dp dung trong trudng hgp Iyc tgi cpng ddng ban chd. Do vdy, cdn thi^t dugc midn trach nhidm hinh sy (hay edn gpi phdi bd sung cac quy dinh cd lien quan ciia Id cac bidn phdp xir ly chuydn hudng ddi vdi BLHS vd van de xu ly chuydn hudng ddi voi NCTN phgm tgi). NCTN pham tdi, nhu: khdi nidm, nguydn t5c, I. Su- can thiet cua viec quy dinh cac bien dieu kien ap dung nhdm tao co sd phap ly ro phap xu- i^ chuyen hirdng trong Bo luat hinh su- rang, cu thd, day du dd cac co quan tidn hanh t6 Nhu chiing ta da biet, mdt trong nhftng tung lam can cd dp dung xu ly chuydn hudng. nguydn tdc quan trgng trong viec xir ly NCTN Ddng thdi, vide da dang hda cae bidn phap xir pham tpi dd Id phai bdo dam cdc Igi ich tdt ly ehuyen hudng Id can thidt nhdm tgo didu nhdt cua cac em. Vi vdy, vide lya chpn phuong kidn cho co quan cd thdm quydn dugc lua chpn phap xir ly phii hgp vdi tdm sinh ly lua tudi, bien phap xu ly chuydn hudng phu hgp nbal tao mdi trudng phdt tridn binh thudng cho ddi voi timg trudng hgp cu thd. Ngodi ra, cung NCTN pham tdi la vd eung quan trgng. Trong cdn phai luu y rang, bidn phdp xft ly chuydn nhieu trudng hgp, vide dp dyng cdc bidn phap hudng dugc xem xet dp dung vdi timg trudng xu ly nam ngodi he thdng tu phap chinh thiic, hpp cu the phai phu hgp vdi tinh chat, muc do mang tinh rdn de, giao dye xa hgi (xu ly nghiem trpng cita hanh vi phgm tdi, nhdn than chuydn hudng) dd dp dyng ddi vdi NCTN ngudi phgm tdi, nhu cdu cua NCTN phgm toi mang lai hidu qua mong mudn vd do la mpt va didu kien cung nhu cac logi dich vy ho trp doi hdi cua Cdng udc Lien hgp qude vd Quydn tai dia phuang noi NCTN phgm tpi cu tni nhu tre em va cac chudn myc qudc te khac ma Viet tham van, kem cap, tap hudn ky nang song, Nam Id thdnh vien. Cdeh thiie xft ly khong hudng nghidp, day nghd*. vien dan den eac thu tuc td tung chinh thftc ddi Trong bdi canh hidn nay, tinh hinh NCTN vdi NCTN phgm tpi dang dugc su dung phd pham tdi dang cd chidu hudng gia tang vadien bidn tgi nhieu qudc gia trdn thd gidi, da va bidn phue tap, ty Id tai phgm tuong doi cao, dang dem lgi nhidu hieu qua trong vide giao thuc tien dp dung nhung quy dinh vd tu phap due vd phdng. ngua tdi pham vi thanh nidn hinh sy ddi vdi NCTN pham tgi gap nhidu kho cung nhu dam bao lgi ich cdng.d6ng. khan, vudng mac. Ben canh dd, eung vdi sir phat tridn vd thay ddi nhanh chdng ve mgi mat Cd thl khdng dinh, khoan 2 Didu 69 BLHS nam 1999 (sua doi, bd sung nam 2009) dugc kinh te, xa hdi, van hda, ddi ngoai hidn nay w xem la dinh hudng ban dau eho vide xu ly trude nhiing yeu cau hdi nhdp qudc td theo chuyen hudng ddi vdi NCTN phgm tgi, tao co hudng bdo vd tdt hem nOa cho NCTN pham tpi, sd cho cac co quan tidn hanh td tung xem xet he thdng tu phap hinh sy cua Viet Nam da hoc midn trach nhiem hinh sy vd giao NCTN cho Id mdt sd hgn che nhat dinh nhu ede bidn phap gia dinh, co quan, td chiic giam sat, giao due. thay thd xu ly chinh thuc chua duge quan tdm, Tuy nhien, vide thieu cac quy djnh rd rang, cy cac quy dinh chua thyc su bdo ddm vi lgi ich the da can trd vide dp dung xu ly chuydn hudng tdt nhat cua tre em vd tinh thdn thien trong quy trong thuc tien. Ngoai ra, thue tien xft ly trinh td tung ciing nhu yeu cau cua ede chuan NCTN phgm tdi theo quy dinh tai khodn 2 muc qudc td ve bao ve tre em... Nhftng bat cap * Ban soan thao BLHS (siia d6i) (2015), Duthdo Tr.35-45. Bdo edo ddnh gid tdc dgng Dtf dn BLHS (sira ddi), H^ Noi, nay dat ra ydu cdu phai xem xet, nghien cftu de ed nhiing sfta ddi, bd sung kip thdi he thdng phap ludt trong ITnh vyc tu phdp hinh su ndi chung, phap ludt lien quan ddn he thdng xft ly NCTN phgm tdi ndi ridng ma trong dd viec xdy dyng mdt he thdng cdc bien phap chuydn hudng vd quy trinh xu ly chuydn hudng cu thl ddi vdi NCTN pham tdi la het sue can thidt nham bdo vd tdt hon Igi ich cua NCTN, ddp ftng ydu cau cua thyc tien cung nhu ddm bdo thyc thi cac nghia vy qudc te cua Vidt Nam. khoan 2 Dieu 12 ciia Bg luat nay, tru trudng hgp quy dinh tgi Didu 123 (tdi giet ngudi); Didu 134, cac khodn 4, 5 va khodn 6 (tdi cd y gdy thuong tich hodc gdy tdn hgi cho sftc khde cua ngudi khdc); Didu 141 (tpi hiep ddm), Didu 142 (tgi hidp dam ngudi dudi 16 tudi); Dieu 144 (tdi cuong ddm ngudi tu du 13 tudi den dudi 16 tudi); Didu 150 (tgi mua ban ngudi); Didu 151 (tpi mua ban ngudi dudi 16 tudi); Didu 168 (tpi cudp tai san); Didu 171 (tdi cudp gidt tai san); Didu 248 (tpi san xudt trai phep 2. Quy dinh ve cac bidn phap xu- ly chdt ma tuy); Didu 249 (tpi tang trft trai phep chuyen hirdug trong Bp luat hinh sy nam chdt ma tuy); Didu 250 (tpi van ehuyen trdi phep chdt ma tuy); Didu 251 (tdi mua ban trai 2015 phep chdt ma tuy); Didu 252 (tpi chidm dogt Trong BLHS nam 2015, cac bidn phdp xft chdt ma tuy) cua Bd ludt ndy; ly chuydn hudng dugc quy dinh tft Didu 92 ddn Didu 95, Muc 2. Chuong XII vdi tdn ggi: "Cdc e) Ngudi dudi 18 tudi la ngudi ddng bidn phdp gidm sdt, gido dye dp dyng trong phgm nhung ed vai trd khdng dang kd trong • trudng hgp duge mien trdch nhiem hinh sy" vu an". vdi mdt sd ndi dung ca ban dudi ddy: Nhu vay, so vdi quy dinh tai khodn 2 BLHS Thir nhai vd nguydn tac dp dung, tai khodn ndm 1999 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2009): "Ngudi 2 Didu 91 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tdi ed thd dugc mien dudi 18 tudi pham tdi thudc mdt trong cdc trach nhiem hinh sy, ndu ngudi do phgm tdi it trudng hgp sau ddy vd cd nhidu tinh tiet giam nghiem trgng hodc tdi nghidm trgng, gay hai nhe, ty nguydn khdc phuc phdn Idn hdu qua, khdng Idn, cd nhidutinhtiet giam nhe vd dugc ndu khdng thudc trudng hgp quy dinh tai Didu gia dinh hodc ca quan, td chftc nhdn gidm sdt, 29 cua Bd lugt nay, thi cd thd dugc mien trdch giao dye", thi quy dinh tgi khoan 2 Dieu 91 nhidm hinh sy va dp dyng cdc bien phap quy BLHS nam 2015 the hidn mdt edch eu thd, rd rang va ddy du hon vd nguyen tdc xft ly chuyen dinh tgi Myc 2 Chucmg ndy: a) Ngudi tft dft 16 tudi ddn dudi 18 tudi hudng ddi vdi NCTN phgm tgi. Thir hai, ve dieu kidn dp dung, Didu 92 phgm tdi it nghiem trpng, pham tdi nghidm trgng, tru trudng hgp quy dinh tgi Didu 134 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Ca quan dieu tra, (tgi cd y gay thuong tich hoac gay tdn hgi cho Vidn kidm sat hogc Tda dn chi quydt dinh sftc khde cua ngudi khdc); Didu 141 (tdi hidp midn trach nhidm hinh sy vd dp dung bidn , ddm); Didu 171 (tpi cudp giat tai sdn); phap khidn trdch, hda gidi tai cdng ddng hoac Didu 248 (tdi san xudt trai phep chdt ma tuy); bidn phdp gido due tgi xa, phudng, thi trdn, Didu 249 (tdi tang trft trdi phep chat ma tiiy); ndu ngudi dudi 18 tudi pham tpi hogc ngudi Didu 250 (tdi vgn chuyen trdi phep chat ma dgi didn hgp phdp cua hp ddng y vdi vide dp tiiy); Didu 251 (tpi mua ban trai phep chdt ma dyng mpt trong ede bidn phdp nay". Nhu vdy, . tuy); Didu 252 (tdi chidm doat chdt ma tuy) ed thd khdng dinh, tham quydn dp dyng cdc bidn phap xft ly chuydn hudng Id Co quan eiia Bd ludt ndy; b) Ngudi tft du 14 tudi den dudi 16 tudi didu tra, Vien kiem sat hoac Tda dn tfty thudc phgm tpi rdt nghidm trpng do ed y quy dinh tai vdo giai doan td tung d6i vdi vu dn hinh sy; o hien cac nghTa vu gdm: tuan thu phap ludt, n3i quy, quy chd eiia noi cu tni, hpc tap, ldm vide; trinh dien trudc eo quan cd thdm quydn khi dugc ydu edu; tham gia ede chuong trinh hoc tdp, day nghd do dia phuong td chftc, tham gia lao ddng vdi hinh thftc phu hgp. Thdi gian thuc hidn cdc nghTa vu quy dinh tgi didm b, c khodn 3 Didu 93 BLHS nam 2015 tft 03 thang den 01 nam. Bidn phdp hda gidi tgi cdng ddng quy djnh tgi Didu 94 BLHS ndm 2015 dugc dp dung ddi vdi ngudi tft du 16 tudi ddn dudi 18 tufli pham tdi it nghiem trgng hodc phgm toi nghidm trpng hodc ngudi tu du 14 tu6i ddn dudi 16 tudi pham tpi rat nghiem trpng quy dinh tgi diem b khoan 2 Didu 91 BLHS nam 2015. Co quan dieu tra, Vidn kidm sat hoac Tda dn phdi hgp vdi Uy ban nhdn dan cap x§ td chftc vide hda gidi tai cdng ddng khi nguoi hi hai hogc ngudi dai didn hgp phdp eua nguin bi hai da tu nguyen hda gidi vd dd nghi mien trdch nhidm hinh su. Ddng thdi, ngudi dirpc dp dung bidn phdp hda gidi tai edng ddng phai thuc hidn nghTa vy xin ldi ngudi bi hai va boi thudng thidt hai vd cae nghTa vu quy djnh t^ khoan 3 Didu 93 BLHS nam 2015. Bidn phap giao due tai xl, phudng, thi trin quy dinh tgi Didu 95 BLHS ndm 2015 dupe ap dung tu 01 ndm ddn 02 nam ddi vdi ngudi tit du 16 tudi den dudi 18 tudi phgm tdi it nghiem Thirba, vd cdn eft, phgm vi, thu tyc dp dyng trgng hodc phgm tdi nghidm trgng quy dinh tai cae bidn phap xft ly chuydn hudng ddi vdi didm a khodn 2 Didu 91 BLHS ndm 2015 ho|c NCTN pham tdi ngudi tft du 14 tudi ddn dudi 16 tudi pham toi Bidn phap khidn trdch quy dinh tai Didu 93 rdt nghiem trgng quy djnh tgi didm b khoan 2 BLHS nam 2015 dugc dp dyng ddi vdi ngudi Didu 91 BLHS nam 2015. tft du 16 tudi den dudi 18 tudi Idn ddu phgm tdi Ngudi duge Co quan didu tra, Vidn ki^n it nghidm trgng hodc ngudi dudi 18 tudi la sat ho^e Tda an giao cho Uy ban nhdn dan cap ngudi ddng pham co vai trd khdng ddng kd xd td chftc gidm sat, gido dye phdi thyc hien trgng vu an nham giup hg nhdn thirc ro hanh vi cdc nghTa vu gdm: chdp hanh ddy dft nghia vv phgm tgi vd hdu qua gdy ra ddi vdi cdng ddng, vd hpc tap, lao ddng; chiu sy giam sat, gido due xd hdi vd nghTa vu cua hp. Vide khidn trach ddi cua gia dinh, xd, phudng, thi trdn; khdng di vdi ngudi dudi 18 tudi phai cd sy chung kidn khdi noi cu tni khi khdng dugc phep; cdc nghTa cua cha me hode ngudi dai dien hgp phdp cua vu theo quy dinh tai khodn 3 Didu 93 cua hp. Ddng thdi, ngudi bi khidn trach phdi thuc BLHS nam 2015. Cac bidn phap xur ly chuydn hudng duge dp dyng trong trudng hgp dugc mien trach nhiem hinh sy bao g6m khidn trach, hda giai tgi cpng ddng hoac bidn phap gido due tai xa, phudng, thi trdn (trudc ddy gido due tgi xa, phudng, thj trdn duge eoi Id bien phap tu phdp dp dung ddi vdi NCTN pham tdi quy dinh tai Didu 70 BLHS nam 1999): Vide dp dyng bien phdp xft ly chuyen hudng chi duge thuc hidn trong trudng hgp NCTN phgm tdi cd the dugc midn trdch nhiem hinh sy khi phgm tdi thudc mdt trong cac trudng hgp quy dinh tai diem a, b, c khoan 2 Dieu 91 BLHS nam 2015 vaed nhidu tinh tiet giam nhe, ty nguyen khac phyc phdn Idn hdu qud. ndu khdng thupc trudng hgp quy dinh tai Dieu 29 BLHS nam 2015 vd can eft miln trach nhidm hinh sy; Ddng thdi, vide dp dyng bidn phap xu ly chuydn hudng chi dugc thuc hidn trong trudng hgp ngudi dudi 18 tudi phgm tdi hoac ngudi dai didn hgp phdp cua hp ddng y vdi vide dp dung mpt trong cac bien phdp nay. Quy dinh ndy nham myc dich, dam bdo mdi quan he phdi hgp gifta Co quan didu tra, Vien kidm sat hogc Tda an vdi ngudi dai dien hop phap cua NCTN phgm tgi trong vide gidm sdt gido due NCTN phgm tdi, ngodi ra, nd ed tae dung rang budc doi vdi NCTN pham tgi, dam bao hidu qua cdng tdc gido due, phdng ngfta. •JJnric yiiiit Ndu ngudi dugc gido dye tai xd, phudng, thi trdn dd chdp hdnh mpt phdn hai thdi hgn, cd nhidu tidn bd thi theo dd nghi cua Uy ban nhan ddn cdp xd dugc giao trdch nhidm qudn ly, gido due, CO quan da dp dung bien phap nay cd thd quyet dinh chdm dirt thdi hgn gido due tai xd, phudng, thi tran. Diem mdi cua BLHS ndm 2015 vd nhftng quy dinh ddi vdi NCTN pham tgi la da thd chd hda bang cac quy dinh cu thd vd nguydn tac, dieu kien, can eft, pham vi, thu tyc dp dyng cdc bien phap xu ly chuydn hudng ddi vdl NCTN phgm tdi, budc ddu tao ra ndn tang phdp ly cho vide dp dung cdc bien phap xft ly nam ngoai thu tyc td tung hinh sy chinh thuc ddi vdi NCTN pham tdi, huy dgng dugc ddng dao cae co quan nhd nude, td chftc xd hdi, cdng dan tham gia vdo cdng tac cam hda, giao due NCTN phgm tdi nhdm muc dich giao due, giup dd hg sua chfta sai ldm, phdt tridn Idnh mgnh, trd thanh cdng ddn cd ich cho xd hdi, thyc hidn cd hieu qua phuang cham phdt huy sue manh tdng hgp cua toan xa hgi trong qua trinh cdi each tu phdp, xdy dyng vd thyc thi phap ludt theo tinh thdn Nghi quy^t sd 49-NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh tri vd Chien luge edi each tu phap den nam 2020./. (Tiip theo trang 14) Quy dinh sfta ddi, bd sung nham khac phuc thyc td vi phgm quydn efta duong sy ddi voi vide edng khai chiing eft sau khi da duge thu thdp chua duge thue hidn ddy du vd ddng bp. Mdi noi moi khdc, ngay trong mdt Tda dn thl thdm phan nay va tham phan kia cung khdc nhau. Quan didm ban phdt, xin cho cdn rdt nang nd, tuy tidn. Ngay cd ludt su eung gap khd khan trong thyc hidn quydn nay. Ddy la mdt quyen rdt quan trpng trong td tung tranh tung. Vi vdy, BLTTDS can bd sung quy dinh ve nghTa vy eua Tda dn ddi vdi quydn cfta duong su, cua ludt su duge edng khai toan bd cac chftng eu do cdc duong su dd nop cho Tda an vd toan bd chiing cu do Tda an da thu thdp duge vi chftng eft Id co sd dd xet xft. Duong sy va ludt su cua duang su can phai dugc tranh ludn vd ehimg eft trong sudt qud trinh td tung de dam bao vide xet xft cd ddy du co sd va dung theo quy dinh eua phdp ludt. Chung tdi cho rang, bdo dam quydn tranh tung trong td tung la ea sd gdp phdn quydt dinh bao dam tinh khdeh quan trong phan quydt cua tod an, cdng ly va quydn con ngudi cung nhd dd ma thue sy duge bdo vd. Tuy nhidn, dieu ludt edn cd khoang Idng khi bd ngd quy dinh vd hinh thuc duong sy sao gfti tai lieu chimg cu cho duong sy khdc, eung nhu hdu qud phdp ly trong trudng hgp duong sy vi phgm nghTa vu ndy. Do dd, khi tridn khai thue thi BLTTDS nam 2015 Hgi ddng tham phdn tda an nhan dan toi eao cdn ed hudng ddn thdng nhdt vd van de nay. Vdi cdc trudng hgp duong sy vi phgm thdi ban cung cdp chftng eft, vi pham nghTa vy sao gfti tai lieu chftng eft cho duang sy khde thi hdu qua phap ly Id chftng eft bi vd hieu. Dieu ndy mdi khdc phye dugc tinh trgng an xft di xu Igi nhidu Idn, dn qud hgn keo ddi gay ra nhftng khd khan nhdt djnh cho ngudi dan vd Tda an eac cdp la ke hd dd duong sy ed tinh trdn tranh, gdy edn trd cho hogt ddng td tyng./.