THIEME CLINICAL COMPANIONS ULTRASOUND.pdf (Basic Physical)

Important Sonographic Dimensions* The values indicated are mean values drawn from the literature. It should be noted that organ dimensions may vary substantially from one individual to the next. Generally the values are not correlated with age, height, or constitution and therefore should be treated as guidelines. Vascular dimensions refer to inside diameters. Prostate and bladder in transverse section Prostate: Length I 35 mm, width I 45 mm n Bladder: Volume: length q width q height q 0.5 n Male 350–750 ml; female 250–550 ml Thyroid gland in transverse section Length 40–70 mm, width 10-30 mm n Depth I 35 mm, volume I 25 ml Prostate and bladder in longitudinal section Depth 10–20 mm, isthmus I 5 mm Thyroid gland in transverse section Volume: male I 25 ml, female I 20 ml Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. * From Schmidt G, Course Book in Ultrasound, 4th ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2004. n n Aorta Subdiaphragmatic I 25 mm n Aorta Above the bifurcation I 20 mm n Vena cava Subdiaphragmatic I 20 mm n Portal vein Hepatoduodenal ligament I 13 mm Intrahepatic I 11 mm Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents Gray Part: Basic Principles y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 1 Basic Physical and Technical Principles 2 The Ultrasound Examination 3 Documentation and Reporting 4 Function Studies 5 Interventional Ultrasound n y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 1 n 16 n 46 49 n 53 n Green Part: Ultrasound Investigation of Specific Signs and Symptoms y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y Principal Signs and Symptoms 6 y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 62 n Blue Part: Ultrasonography of Specific Organs and Organ Systems, Postoperative Ultrasound, and the Search for Occult Tumors y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 7 Arteries and Veins n 8 Cervical Vessels 214 9 Liver n n y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 188 231 10 Kidney and Adrenal Gland 11 Pancreas n 12 Spleen 312 13 Bile Ducts 14 Gallbladder 15 Gastrointestinal Tract 16 Urogenital Tract 17 Thorax 18 Thyroid Gland 19 Major Salivary Glands 20 Postoperative Ultrasound n 431 21 Search for Occult Tumors n 437 n n n 262 293 n 322 n 334 n n 352 375 400 n 412 n 425 Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. I Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Thieme Clinical Companions Ultrasound y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y Günter Schmidt, MD Formerly Evangelisches Krankenhaus Kredenbach Kreuztal, Germany With contributions by B. Beuscher-Willems, L. Brügmann, C. Görg, T. Grebe, L. Greiner 1091 illustrations Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. III Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. This book is an authorized and revised translation of the 3rd German edition published and copyrighted 2005 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German edition: Checkliste: Sonographie 1st German edition 1997 2nd German edition 1999 Translator: Terry Telger, Translations for the Health Sciences, Fort Worth, TX, USA Important note: Medicine is an ever-chan ging science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. c 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag, Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany http://www.thieme.de Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA http://www.thieme.com Cover design: Thieme Marketing Typesetting by Hagedorn Kommunikation, Viernheim Printed in Germany by Druckhaus Götz, Ludwigsburg IV 10-ISBN 13-ISBN 10-ISBN 13-ISBN 3-13-142711-6 (GTV) 978-3-13-142711-3 (GTV) 1-58890-552-7 (TNY) 978-1-58890-552-9 (TNY) 123456 Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Preface Preface Preface Rapid advances in ultrasound imaging have resulted not only from continual improvements in equipment and new technologies, but also from expanded diagnostic capabilities. Color Doppler sonography and ultrasound contrast agents, combined with advances in standardizing diagnostic criteria and defining guidelines, have led to dramatic progress in sonographic diagnosis. For example, it is now possible to use contrast-enhancing agents in nearly all areas of ultrasonography, although the examiner’s experience and equipment availability continue to limit these applications. For those who are still learning how to use ultrasound, however, it is first necessary to acquire a sound basic knowledge of this modality in order to take advantage of these new and expanded methods. This book presents a comprehensive collection of B-mode scans, but also a quantitiy of color Doppler images, as well as several examples of the uses of contrast-enhanced sonography. For ease of use in different situations, it is divided into three parts (gray: Basic Principles, green: Ultrasound Investigation of Principal Signs and Symptoms, blue: Ultrasound of Specific Organs and Organ Systems). The editor and two other authors (Prof. Dr. Ch. Görg, Prof. Dr. L. Greiner) are regular leaders of seminars run by the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) and co-authors of three German editions of a similar text, and of other books on sonography. Each of them has an area of interest and expertise in their daily experience and on courses on ultrasound from which the current imaging approaches have been developed. I extend special thanks to the staff at Thieme Medical Publishers, particularly Ms. Stefanie Langner, Dr. Christiane Brill-Schmid, Ms. Anja Dessauvagie, Ms. Elisabeth Kurz, and Mr. Stephan Konnry. They worked with the authors tirelessly and patiently (and at times, with gentle insistence) to bring this book to completion. A number of other men and women at Thieme Medical Publishers helped with the artwork, image reproductions, and production of the book, and their help is gratefully acknowledged. To all those who read this book, delve deeply into its contents, and use it as a practical reference, I wish much success in their dealings with ultrasonography. Günter Schmidt V Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contributors Contributors Contributors B. Beuscher-Wilhelms, MD Medizinische Klinik Krankenhaus Bethseda Freudenberg Germany L. Brügmann, MD Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bernhard-Weiss-Klinik Kreuztal-Kredenbach Germany C. Görg, MD Professor Medizinische Klinik Klinikum der Universität Department of Hematology/Oncology Marburg Germany T. Grebe, MD Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bernhard-Weiss-Klinik Kreuztal-Kredenbach Germany L. Greiner, MD Professor Klinikum Barmen Medizinische Klinik A Wuppertal Germany VI Schmidt, Ultrasound © 2007 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

THIEME CLINICAL COMPANIONS ULTRASOUND

Nội dung