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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 694-697 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 03 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.087 The Occurrence of Bovine Babesiosis in a Crossbred Dairy Cow and its Successful Therapeutic Management Gautam Bordoloi1*, Pallabi Thakuria2, Sampurnanand Yadav2, Sanjib Khargharia3, Karuna Saikia4, Kandarpa Boruah5, Dwipjyoti Mahanta6, Manoj Kumar Kalita7, L. Sanathoi Khuman8, Aditya Baruah9, Mridu Pavan Baishya10, Prasanta KR. Boro2 and Prasanta Chabukdhara11 1 Department of Parasitology, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 4Department of LFC, 5Department of LPM, LCVSc., 6 Department of Anatomy and Histology, 7Department of ARGO, 8Department of Extension Education, 9Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, 10Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, 11Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry LCVSc., AAU, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Babesiosis; Babesia bovis; Crossbred Article Info Accepted: 14 February 2021 Available Online: 10 March 2021 Bovine babesiosis significantly reduces the productivity of cattle throughout the world including India. A crossbred dairy cow in the Livestock Farm Complex, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur, Assam was reported with high rise of temperature (40ºC) and haemoglobinuria from 2 days. Blood smear examination revealed the presence of intraerythrocytic Babesia bovis organism. The affected animal later was treated with imidocarb diproprionate @ 1mg/kg body weight once through subcutaneous route, Meloxicam @ 2mg/kg body weight through intramuscular route for 2 days (stopped once fever subsided), Mecopac forte 5ml through intramuscular route for 3 days, Normal saline 500ml twice daily for 3 days (till fever subsided) and Floraboost bolus. Later the animal started showing recovery from 2 nd day onwards without any complications. In the present study Imidiocarb constatntly cleared Babesia organism. Hence, the information from the present communication will help the field veterinarians to adopt effective therapeutic management strategy for the control bovine babesiosis. backbone of Indian Agriculture that generates employment in rural areas (Puneeth Raj and Vyakaranahal, 2016). Cattle is an integral part of Indian economy that play a major role in the rural livestock economy. It contributes about 6 percent to the Gross Domestic Introduction Bovine babesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne intraerythrocytic piroplasm of the genus Babesia which has global economic importance. Livestock production is the 694 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 694-697 Product and 25 percent to the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product (Paturkar, 2019). With a population of 192.49 million nos. of cattle India ranked second in the World (20th Livestock census). But haemoprotozoan parasitic diseases are responsible for reducing the productivity of dairy cattle. Babesiosis, out of many haemoparasitic diseases is most frequently encountered in India which results in a great economic loss (Ghosh et al., 2006). The species of Babesia involved are Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens. Among them, B. bigemina is a large piroplasm and the other two species are small forms (Soulsby, 1982). Bovine babesiosis is characterized by haemolytic anemia and fever, with occasional hemoglobinuria and death (Ristic, 1981; Soulsby, 1982). Bovine babesiosis can be controlled either by tick management, immunization, anti-babesia chemotherapy or by a combination all these (Suarez and Noh, 2011). Chemotherapy of babesiosis includes drug like diminazine aceturate, imidocarb diproprionate etc. (Mosqueda et al., 2012). In the field conditions chemotherapy is the best possible way to control babesiosis (Rodriguez and Trees, 1996). The present communication is intended to report the occurrence of B. bovis infection in a dairy cow and its successful therapeutic management. and Conboy, 2011). Giemsa stained blood smears were examined later under oil immersion objective of a light microscope for the presence of haemoprotozoan parasites, if any. Results and Discussion Blood smear examination revealed the presence of intraerythrocytic stages of B. bovis organism (Fig.1). The organism was identified on the basis of its morphological characters (Soulsby, 1982). The affected animal later was treated with Imidocarb diproprionate @ 1mg/kg body weight once through subcutaneous route. To reduce the high rise of temperature Meloxicam was given @ 2mg/kg body weight through intramuscular route for 2 days (stopped once fever subsided). Supportive treatment included Mecopac forte 5ml given through intramuscular route for 3 days, Normal saline 500ml twice daily for 3 days and Floraboost bolus was also given. Fever subsided from 2nd day onwards. Gradually the animal recovered. No parasite was detected in blood examination done after 5 days. Prevalence of B. bigemina and B. bovis is previously reported from Assam (Barman et al., 2018). Previously Imidiocarb at the dose rate of 1-3 mg per kg body weight either SC or IM has been suggested as chemotherapeutic agent for bovine babesiosis (Kuttler, 1981; Mosqueda et al., 2012). Materials and Methods A crossbred dairy cow in the Livestock Farm Complex, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur, Assam was reported with high rise of temperature (40ºC) and haemoglobinuria from 2 days. Blood from the affected animal was collected by jugular venipuncture and kept in vials containing EDTA (anticoagulant). Thin blood smears were prepared which was later stained by Giemsa staining technique after fixation with absolute methanol for laboratory diagnosis following standard protocol (Zajac The present communication corroborated the report that Imidiocarb constatntly clear Babesia organism (Vial and Gorenflot, 2006). Similarly in another report splenectomised calves with Babseiosis were rapidly cured by the subcutaneous injection of imidocarb at 1 mg/kg. (McHardy and Simpson, 1974). The occurrence of bovine babesiosis and its successful therapeutic management from the present area of study is not reported till date. 695 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 694-697 Fig.1 Intraerythrocytic stage of Babesia bovis (Giemsa stained blood smear X100) In conclusion the present communication is intended to report the occurrence and successful therapeutic management of bovine babesiosis with the use of Imidocarb diproprionate regarding which no previous report was found from the present area of study. This will help the field veterinarians to adopt effective therapeutic management strategy for the control of bovine babesiosis. future possibilities for integrated control-a review. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 40:49-66 Kuttler, K.L. 1981. In Babesiosis. Ristic, M.; Keire, J.P., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, 1981, pp 25-63. McHardy, N. and Simpson, R.M. 1974. Imidocarb dipropionate therapy in Kenyan anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 6:63–70. Mosqueda, J., Olvera-Ramirez, A., AguilarTipacamu, G. and Canto, G.J. 2012. Current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. Curr. Med. Chem. 19(10):1504–1518. Paturkar, A. M. 2019. Livestock Sector in India: Trends, Challenges and a way forward. http://agrospectrumindia.com. Puneeth Raj*, M. S. AND Vyakaranahal, B. S. 2016. Effect of cutting and nitrogen management on plant maturity and seed set in Oat CV. JHO-851 (Avena sativa L.). The Bioscan. 10(1):427-429 Ristic, M. 1981. In Diseases of Cattle in the Tropics, Firts Edition ed. Ristic, M.; McIntyre, I., Eds.; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: The Hague, 1981; Vol. 6, pp 443-468. Rodriguez, R.I. and Trees, A.J. 1996. In vitro responsiveness of Babesia bovis to imidocarb dipropionate and the Acknowledgement The author acknowledges the Associate Dean, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science for providing all the facilities to complete the present study. References 20th livestock census. 2019. Department of animal husbandry and dairying.Govt. of India. Barman, U., Dutta, T.C., Baishya, B.C., Goswami, S., Islam, S., Phukan, A., Barman, D. and Kakati, P. 2018. Study of prevalence and diagnosis of babesiosis in cattle . J. Entomol. Zool. Studies. 6(3):1613-1616. Ghosh, S., Azhahianambi, P., de la Fuente, J. 2006. Control of ticks of ruminants, with special emphasis on livestock farming system in India: present and 696 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 694-697 selection of a drug-adapted line. Vet. Parasitol. 62 (1-2): 35-41. Soulsby E.J.L. 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th edn. The English Language Book Society and Bailliere, Tindall, London. Suarez, C.E. and Noh, S. 2011. Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Vet. Parasitol. 180(1-2):109-125 Vial, H.J. and Gorenflot, A. 2006. Chemotherapy against babesiosis. Vet. Parasitol. 138(1-2): 147-160. Zajac, A.M. and Conboy, G.A. 2011. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology. 8th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. How to cite this article: Gautam Bordoloi, Pallabi Thakuria, Sampurnanand Yadav, Sanjib Khargharia, Karuna Saikia, Kandarpa Boruah, Dwipjyoti Mahanta, Manoj Kumar Kalita, L. Sanathoi Khuman, Aditya Baruah, Mridu Pavan Baishya, Prasanta KR. Boro and Prasanta Chabukdhara. 2021. The Occurrence of Bovine Babesiosis in a Crossbred Dairy Cow and its Successful Therapeutic Management. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(03): 694-697. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.087 697