THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOLLYWOOD: AN A TO Z GUIDE TO THE STARS, STORIES, AND SECRETS OF HOLLYWOOD

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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOLLYWOOD SECOND EDITION THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOLLYWOOD SECOND EDITION SCOTT SIEGEL AND BARBARA SIEGEL Revised and Updated in Part by TOM ERSKINE AND JAMES WELSH The Encyclopedia of Hollywood, Second Edition Copyright © 2004 by Siegel & Siegel Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegel, Scott. The encyclopedia of Hollywood/Scott Siegel and Barbara Siegel; revised and updated by Tom Erskine and James Welsh. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4622-0 (alk. paper) 1. Motion picture industry—United States—Dictionaries. I. Siegel, Barbara. II. Erskine, Thomas L. III. Welsh, James Michael. IV. Title. PN1993.5.U6S494 2004 791.43′0973′03—dc22 2003014967 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Nora Wertz Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 2 1 For Barbara— She’s the winner of the Irving Thalberg Award for her sparkling originality, the Jean Hersholt Award for her kindness and gentle compassion, and (despite her ardent desire for Paul Newman) an Oscar for most spectacularly lovable wife. She’s the star who makes everyone shine in her presence, whose everyday script for life has more wit and creativity than a Preston Sturges screenplay, and whose score for the soundtrack of our lives provides the sweetest harmony since Max Steiner. MGM might have had more stars than there are in the heavens, but I’ve got the most brilliant, scintillating, and enduring star of them all. Simply said, I’m proud to be her best boy. —S. For Scott— He’s a man rich in qualities plentiful in the movies but rare in real life. His selfless devotion, idealism, and high personal standards leave no doubt that George Bailey lives on in his soul (as well as in Bedford Falls). Being cast as Scott’s leading lady has made it easy for me to see that It’s a Wonderful Life. His inventive mind, quiet intelligence, and delightfully comic perspective are among the Paramount reasons why these Twentieth Century writers have become two blissfully United Artists. Scott lassos the moon. —B. For the gals who have lit up our lives. For fireworks forever. —T. & J. Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Entries A to Z 1 Selected Bibliography 481 About the Authors 490 Index 491 Acknowledgments Just as filmmaking is a collaborative process, so is writing a book. Of all those whom we hasten to thank, however, first and foremost is Kate Kelly, whose editorial stewardship, enthusiasm, and unflagging support proved her to be a writer’s ideal. In addition, Neal Maillet’s efficient and thoughtful efforts made a long and complicated process both pleasant and worry-free; it was a pleasure to work with him. And we certainly must thank Michael Laraque for his heroic job of copyediting this substantial volume. Special thanks go to Albert J. LaValley, an inspirational professor (and friend) who instilled in Scott an interest in a writing career and respect for movies as an art form. In that same vein, heartfelt thanks are also offered to two hugely influential people: Roger Greenspun and Leslie Clark. We wish we had the space to detail the reasons why we’re thanking the friends listed below, but suffice it to say that they were our movie partners, the people who shared that special time with us between the coming attractions and the final credits: Gary Bordzuk, Steve Bornstein, Doug Byrne, Heda and Steve (Chan Is Missing) Chazen, Rowena Coplan, Mimi, Karen, and Laurie Dubin, Gene Grady, Lena Halpert, Claire (Hester Street) Katz, Steve Kleinman, Rhoda Koenig, Allen (Burden of Dreams) Kupfer, Cliff (Attack of the Star Creatures) Lacy, Maura Lerner, David Leverenz, David (The Road Warrior) Luhn, Matt (Star Trek—The Motion Picture) Meis, Eric and Claudia Mink, Marna (The Way We Were) Mintzer, Jeff (The Thin Man) Pollack, Jerry and Pat Preising, Nancy Prestia, Stewart (Duck Soup) Scharfman, Carmine (The Godfather) Sessa, Howie (High Sierra) Singer, and Terri Wall. Mimi Dubin’s generous help in the area of costuming will be treasured as the very fiber of true friendship; we tip an antique hat to her. This book was greatly enhanced by the participation of scores of celebrated actors, screenwriters, directors, producers, and composers; their cooperation is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we owe a debt of gratitude to Shirley and Samuel Siegel, Clare and Samson Teich, Lillian and Jack Goldberg, and Stephanie Tranen who took us to the movies when we were too young to take ourselves. They were the first to introduce us to the images of light and shadow that would so strongly shape our lives. —Scott Siegel and Barbara Siegel New York, NY May 2003 And for the Revised Edition . . . We also wish to thank a few scholars who came to our aid and assistance at the final hour for the second edition: Michael Scott Peters of Salisbury University in Maryland for writing the new entry on blaxploitation films; Carol Matthews, also of Salisbury University, for updating the entry on teen movies; Rev. Gene D. Phillips of Loyola University of Chicago for help with updating Fred Zinnemann; and, in particular, John C. Tibbetts of the University of Kansas, who wrote fine updates for animation and for all the major studios. We would also like to thank Dr. Connie Richards and Dr. Timothy O’Rourke, dean of the Fulton School at Salisbury University, for academic ix
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