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The Dreaming City contains the journey of an experiment in opening up a city’s future. The experience of Glasgow 2020 — and a programme of events which reached out across the city and its citizens — shows that people have the capacity and imagination to make their own futures. The project used stories and storytelling to provoke thinking about the future across the whole city. This book contains a selection of some of these stories, as well as examples of other materials. It offers a different perspective to the world of ‘the official future’ and breaks new ground in how we think about the future of cities. Gerry Hassan is Head of Glasgow 2020, Melissa Mean is Head of the Self-Build Cities Programme and Charlie Tims is a Senior Researcher at Demos. £10 ISBN 978-1-84180-186-5 © DEMOS THE DREAMING CITY: GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION THE DREAMING CITY: GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION.  This book maps out the story of our cities — the places they are now and the places people hope they will become. It is told through the experience of one city — Glasgow. GERRY HASSAN MELISSA MEAN CHARLIE TIMS • • THE DREAMING CITY AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION GERRY HASSAN MELISSA MEAN CHARLIE TIMS th th th ¶ w fo w ch do so en flo ci str w th te str fo w G ab ar to th so ¶ pl al ad op em bi lo op H be re ch so un an pe I h on un th ca en pe 20 ev pr he fo w I at at at H as ul ou il n s v u ty e el ro en e r m ish la o en le os o W ac l m d p p go ve p om c al il ci e d o o w e is n c o 2 e o a r p ish ho Gl we sch ave ha ing ld dre ’t se erio iron rish in ngt l th ugh age et, e th sgo ut d ’t d ran e o n as ell e. ¶ on ress ort loy try , an ort el om eq dca al a mp hu ple pe ith mp gre po our ple 0 th ryo spe lth ea ey ed un m fr d un es es ua re n lo m . ¶ th B lo at ssi ag in at ne rit an ce m as g o w pp be dr n. ll u m a the h t ro o rs dro an at w if ep t G f u p n cl ele gow ot r ol w or y ¶ ca op ¶ I as sly. ent s a w o st ugh ut a of p t d m by to s fere en las s w oss ow I w to . ¶ ity ent ee c kin itie sne a v lity fac d ec yme our I w at G lac yem city bly ed Gl , th . ¶ y fo d , ot ss ’s id o ld us cig w m ¶ . 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I w a d nde tity mil etti sgo s an ho d it so m as r 202 f ou ys c, t see ow tha d th I Peo ee d m gs t ll o br ish t jo 4 ex d yo ts a ith am s o r ¶ uch opl eve e B o w in G Gla cie ud ial, nt la n m , ¶ st d e wi pl G a o ur ac fo bs te u n op an ne I se s is ec rfl b e m ng w’ d pe ’s a e ry arr ish la sg s t of a e ic 0 r a- he t a t o s e ha gow ffo he win I w od I wi th sibl h th ent oor y tr or ab s pa hea the cult mo h. ¶ tha citiz pie atre he mo all t cou sh t e in lasr ke i fow sel ing r n are nsi ths d no en d b in wis s in who on ow fo sgo ow hat the nd ve . rt re it is an sh ey y t e fo h yin e ou rk lt p ur ra I t G en ce , sit re he ra ha p ow t t l u ve d o o d on . 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A th it r o w cia e s roy r o O am d ike fo m t o ch er ity ery d w is be fo ub uri r a of elf ea re s b sh en gia ult ho re h t f m b te ea ha to ntr are nd om th o ce G ke su ed 20 nd e lo igh in ted po in ld s mu ! ¶ eve ev r ea oto f th ildr ch an on is a fr go r a s — sts nd Gla co r fu stil rin ou t; a ns ure m se hat or igg nig lity rm be e! ha h . ¶ eir re wh l g l p o c P a CU d n . e n f 2 al ck t u th a ke g p ur rd I ry er ch rw e en an d c e h f ie o c I fi o er o PA sta sg nfi tu d h d n ¶ s a le d G e er h . ¶ n o l p s d w SA ow shin orc 0 I’l so on p C e C ll k the eo gea ers wis on y o oth ay wo as ges on else or ndly d. A lean nly Y F ble ow de re yin om be. d sp I w nd ss. ing las job po t op I y. I me eas py. a ro n 2 nge siti e ish g n e es l o th in pl n in h e c th e th rl th ! ¶ tin ! a G h h e s O /s a nc th g go s. lic e w w a e! ¶ o 02 r o ve ¶ t h i s ¶ e e i s m w t i n o e y s d d e ex th et t . ¶ all in c wn as y d ltic. amp s o am ’s h ! ¶ Gl tha ou er c r m at g . ¶ ey I ue ¶ I las ap app r (p inc R w afe re l e to at n ou the I w ting sh G cia I w o o w b Tot e p ing sh b ish lea ¶ N Let f ov 0 I ut is at he I w d a m pe o ¶ io f m e l e I w as t w ld ity or oe I gr wi d i w go py y le e I e en ivi f ig ng C is o la l b is r e al re s y by di o G er w an th tenc Gla ne ish ay l se o y o ct o or i I w n’a us ang alth ish gow ish trav — e. ¶ s t wis ow. sh t n it ish w Cit , m ase ’ve do vir ng ulfil ht t er i ham h a n st sgo ac h fo thre cam free sen of G 20 th ng c mo las the ish d 2 h i u , w e p ll t re w kg r e e h ce la 0 en it re go ir t on f a w f s b is L ic ua a f ! es el w I ro h ¶ ha s a fo wh y. lt p op n’ om a h l t m n r e sg po esi and ow Stu hat g a gg n s pov rok h a eag an ge nd or G I w co rou e a wis ug tha I w t G bil r an ich ¶ I i-cu lea en t kn en ea hei e in the ion he ets ’s f rou a be wo a s eal to sgo tha rac y fig ne w g he pu de th w de GC nd res ma er en gai ue d w ! ¶ are la ish uld nd re h h o t G is las ity ot re w ltu se ed ow t. S lth r d G 21 s L dru it i oo nd tte rkm mo th de w t a ism ht ds ro ads n y h t o h t c r t i . n c s s s l s d s t t g l n k m w lat ts at ul ts U no iv l S y i . ¶ s It er I w m go th co th if he ur las fo o o er m sh ra ra y en m li ea as t C ea gs w ba , a r w e e ar er mu ll G i an — w, . t e ish io , a th d ’ A b o e o n I e ’s en i ak w at m e fe p ci go r w’ liv fo m n l, l ck m o ok fes m go e gu in o ll cc o n t fr e cr s la s a tin u fe th n o nd ey flou sso eco ne eig th Gla ho ver gon ’t s sh t ing to Ne e t city rent rim ty — w som s di e in rty be ot to ive do ind ugh ing tyl s an w b ntu e. ¶ Gl rse team ep rld. o d ee z for im eum sw bol rac l d s ru f . e e w e ve t h rs w at f G no ge ri c m ha h A sg pe yt na o o as th s tin ¶ o o th es. s, eg ish ist h G a w d e ry . s y, w t a b i B m “ p h i b m G ¶ the las t th t fro sh b atio es t s e ou er ow the ing ha tun as las ve wil e. ¶ or f ut in spo ll h Ba rse he h app and ee vib n o o th bou an l ith asp cam ¶ I I wi gow an s co g p I w a jo ne t e el Be art ian ed la I w ri go e m y n he ne rs ic . S re t p n s a go no l n I re — is il av kl c e y gl ra n ift a ir e a sh a m ul eo is b ot de tte g s a , p i t i n p i sg i ve w ir t a d e a s u e h a ! a a a m G ow sh r o th his it d nu mi W n o p is at en l v ll m w a m ot wi w al er ng e, i va ltu rt nd pr ss nt og gs ou ed. ro tio a s n to nd ok d b pl h i an ally rly r h alle re ov eo th Cly onc wn e c wo es mb es. e w cou eo bet Ma ! ¶ isio y e n u ore live sh p ith way wo the n 2 . ¶ re s of pr ou bo city di I w r ow Dr of o ns. afe ot see ev ers e a e fo n 2 d it an . To eal rie pro erty b r a g ho e ec t de e ag ity rd erv er ¶ ill nt ple ter tth I w ne xa nh gu in eo mo s t uld be 02 I w co th os d o ttle ! ¶ rt, ou n ug ve ¶ an ye G ery pu s g r w 02 sti d ler th s a ud p B om ev b ag en w , o es 1 I w g ry c u e i d” m ea n G p re he p au 0, is nti e p pe f i s I br ld ci Fr r t I d t b la w tti oo h 0 t ll i wi an ed nd of w e m ush es ery eco ain der hat nce . Fi un ish row cal an nde w C sh f . P. s at lth vio las le w co bu ass ty som h th nue eo riou ts h in G wis oke n’t u ty. ¶ ee. hei wis qui orn sgo her ng d a o th hat sn’t sh G ce uca ed e is th on m re s th a na i i t l le m rs o or S. c y le go o n t a of e e s pl s is la h n s M r h h t te y w e fag s N ey p d l an ti n h o a — r u t gr din and no e g e e es ach or p ey gai lly th at ts d R ke tan din Ra I w olle nati nce w!! uld tem G law ou arc gra to t e w yea ory sgo to w bot all In t y c ead he tim et, a c to d bu ew ar eop one asg d on fo ea g! P t r ay lse th es o de n! th e all of ep an di er ng is ge on I ¶ b pa la th r c h fi hr ho rs . I w a tle y he hi s ci e du le is ts c e le . ow a l a t t h , U I r a e i n e ! e i a t . u e a a i i th t lif ¶ I dd -e ca s w be 1 m tic ser ! ¶ t b K. the sp bl ef g a (ab rs th an . I lso I w ni ry sgo at ty. tec i ar ve liv ah sh ¶ ke s e ry h ye ldre an ty to so t e 2 ne app on astl nd see t to be t a f e a a a i r i e e. w y, le pi is st i al ve A y d 8 o t c e t a e a o t d e h c I o o n ¶ t e , r c c n w n u i I a r o l l a r i u G h w r s e u w b a / s n l k a s s e c r v s h a ed tre ¶ I ish fin ted tal o hes Sa llio futu . Th ll G 202 wis noc agu of G t to d th e) fin Ned get o w ish h fo r to t be is Ne I w ral ts w d G the d a ld ish a c and ve I 202 saf enjo e a t 1 7/0 ea r. ¶ e ro ! ¶ alis las fiv me u et h th d a a f co lm n p re a la 0 h c s. r s e sa ish s a is th r e in no ds is sig o la re. nd als f ity li p 0 e p y sa an 6. lth I a I e go e av cati s w ope at m a H nd Eur me an eo s. ¶ t the sgo Du that upie ¶ I aha top imp id. A 2n and wel h th at Gla ach g br t ju sh h th hts uld sgo W my o a or m tha tter rop I’d ure ing fer d a I w ier, wo d, a wis we w f call n ai on ith th y AW be op t riv pl C l-p e Gl sg o ou st ou e to b w he c pp i t d er ho ly th c ll ish sa u nd h t al or s p w d a d w m it. ac n d ag labl an out at ba T co e! ¶ rue er i e an A d ow res ee ll le , bo ish , w An t o d I in t ha aid we asg ow the gh the ld b sun riv e pu is n I hild rec llion has rop ly a pe , m e e ity, cou by fer ld li th he l ha the ! I n d ru e id U ar a G e w d f r h he vs j at ow to r! t t W e w al t a c go re ia s d pi pp G ys xa re ld 2 c fe ey po ve ai e. d fe on by Ita me o r n r y co n w I al you ar ce w llia s a Tha am Sco is t g fr s th ent ite nin ded lasg ill also acis pe lea we ob i her w ha I w o th est sho ou the to u ity ab n a te i of p na ng), rec lasw elf ct s gard sle 020 ity i to are we a p m ill so th of pe ill h n w t T al tla he ee at s e d h g i u ow be th m m gu re n wa ou ve ish e En t. ld b se fo ro nd ts d ou mi m iat e in am in ep th n t see b rs ar 20 mu fee ho fac atta op av and ake on so nd gr Gl be njo av s do p b to m e a in y c e a era the s b ld no the gen d ¶ shi eau pa r us ad gr ive nd c b ore ed gia a sa e o g c w at he po ein tha t 20 ni l s pe ili ck le e h y y B go . I ea as lis y e w n ui b ain sp G ar n di m e clo m re er an My ne ty in a an an rs s. uz b ho ns fe p rim ell G ye v g t bi Gl ties afe th ties . ¶ wil a lo ave dru lai ing wis t cit gow ten a m on e o ldin e a ly ec lasg do d q cate usi tter se ore w al p d th w mo of ting ll to d p dch ity ¶ z, 2 ike w wo en por es at lasg ars erty fine go as . ¶ in at a I l b ng a gy r i to h y . to ea th nlin gs fu pea t o ow es n ual d c in ! A do li as p ub e M ish re Edi se be eo ild an My 4- -fri gre uld vir tun , a nig ow to , d try go om it ls h pl re d th pe re ho e a li d b s a w I c it o ¶ is in n n a n e e s n c fp . o h e a o if b d nd w tte e li i c fre w w I w eir op ma pe ble fe a oub am ssa ish oul nc I ho nd ing tre . I hou fill efu ov So t g y fo eca ust pe n a r! ¶ ace c to erc fo m bur ior pro e k n h frie wn our ndl t G all b en ies o h t. ¶ s a om e l e p e r u r l i . h r y g c u n l d e s n d s e a e l e t s n c y la p w fu b w e as h on e hat to w d h e I al ina that ca wa e t or l le. ish ld b d c bu rty eo t br the se y. ¶ opl l mu I w in par ant Gla cit h. O itiz d o ow ealt dli fall ult , les sgo e o t. ¶ s th alth I w afe . A ci a th th s o te ty en f. I’ h ne sh ur s w pe G e ie ish r, lso tic C sg y ¶ th e ity t w in ple ok tc s. he k f be a av ce at I w e w lti- ill u d e . o m h a ¶ e n o s i r l e i n s i o I a i ¶ i r y t by is. t te k e pa y, w f nd s a p th ve e , ca fin ll r an t a ish ore I a xt at I te r n s d d — THE DREAMING CITY AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION — First published in 2007 by Demos © Demos Some rights reserved. See page 237 ISBN 978-1-84180-186-5 Copy edited by Susannah Wight Typeset‡ and designed by Åbäke in London Printed by Aldgate Press, London For further information and subscription please contact: Demos Magdalen House 136 Tooley Street London SE1 2TU T: 0845 458 5949 e: hello@demos.co.uk www.demos.co.uk Endpapers: Wishes for Glasgow in 2020. See page 170 ‡ A note from the designers: This book is set in Mockintosh and Optima. The latter is a family designed in the 1950s by Herman Zapf. According to its creator, it is a an alphabet design between a Roman and a sans-serif. A successful hybrid for the fans and merely a compromise for its detractors. In this present case, we chose it because of our total inability to predict whether serif or sans-serif will be the taste of 2020. — THE DREAMING CITY GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION — CONTENTS ST MUNGO’S MIRRORBALL ....................................... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................. 8 10 PART 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................... 15 PART 2 THE URBAN EVERYMAN ............................................ 29 PART 3 THE OFFICIAL FUTURE................................................ 47 PART 4 THE POWER OF STORY................................................ 65 THE STORIES ................................................................. 81 PART 5 DESIGN CODE FOR MASS IMAGINATION.............. 145 PART 6 A CITY OF IMAGINATION........................................... 169 PART 7 THE OPEN CITY............................................................. 195 ABOUT DEMOS ........................................................... 234 —THE DREAMING CITY— GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION —ST MUNGO’S MIRRORBALL— St Mungo’s Mirrorball — Jim Carruth Does not spin the way you’d like It jigs between pitch dark and light It staggers with drink, swaggers with balls Swoops like starlings over Barras stalls Sends shipyard shadows on tenement walls It’s a high rise sway, It’s a smile in the rain It’s a magic sparkle on the Provost’s chain Like the clockwork orange beneath the ground It can change direction go both ways round March back in time to drums and flutes Past uni students and beggars in suits And with every turn a revelation Through the smoke of Central station Banks are bistros, churches are flats Their basements are rising damp and rats Around each corner meet the past A deep fried life not meant to last The capital of heart attacks This Mirrorball is full of cracks Tamson’s bairns upon each face Split the clouds in the dear green place —— Glasgow’s love’s no more than this Both Valentine’s heart and painful kiss Clumsy moves end nights on the piss Knox scowls down from the Necropolis While beneath this ball Glasgow swings With bass rhythms and cathedral rings Franz Ferdinand and Barrowland kings Country and western under angel wings John Maclean and his George Square noise Charms Gregory’s Girl and the Glasgow Boys Lord Kelvin birls around Rab Haw As they dance doon the Broomielaw Soon sweating up his Second law Do the Hogback, the Rennie Mack Over cappuccinos hear the craic Enlightenment its coming back Offering up its gifts for all Glorious Mungo’s mirrorball It does not spin the way you’d like It shudders forward full of life. —— —THE DREAMING CITY— GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION —ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS— Just over two years ago Demos published Scotland 2020 1 — the conclusion of the project of the same name. This made the case for the importance of story in imagining the future. The inspiration for Glasgow 2020 came out of this. We wanted to test the appeal of story with a much larger audience and gauge their appetite for futures literacy and mass imagination. We wanted to do this at the level of a city: Scotland’s largest city, Glasgow. We have to say that we are proud of this project — proud of the enthusiasm, passion and wisdom of the people who contributed to it, the time and energy they gave to it, and the seriousness and reflection alongside the humour and fun. Glasgow 2020 was a unique and unusual project, far removed from the conventional concerns of the world of think tanks. More importantly, it was a unique project in the world — the first ever attempt anywhere to aspire to the re-imagination of a city through the idea of story. A project as ambitious and unconventional as this has many collaborators and it would be impossible to thank everyone who contributed to and supported the project. First, to the people of Glasgow and the other cities across the world with whom we collaborated — a humble thank you. This project would not have been possible without your input, energy, goodwill and enthusiasm. Second, to the storytellers and storycreators who were involved in Glasgow 2020. This has been one of the defining elements of the project, and a selection of the stories of the future is gathered in this volume. To everyone who was inspired to take pen to paper and let loose their creative imagination — whether at one of our events or as a result of one of our competitions — thank you. Third, thank you to the more than 2000 people who made a wish for Glasgow. Many thanks to the teachers who spread the wish campaign to schools, all the organisations who hosted freepost wishcards and finally to Mark Beever, for binding the wishbook — an indestructible totem that will live for centuries! Fourth, we would like to thank the project partners who made Glasgow 2020 and to also highlight that none asked to have any veto or final say on any of our findings or outputs. A sincere thanks to Glasgow City Council, Scottish Enterprise Glasgow, Glasgow Housing Association, Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Communities Scotland, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board, Firstgroup, Strathclyde Police, Strathclyde Fire and Rescue, Glasgow University, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow School of Art, Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, Scottish Arts Council, VisitScotland, Scottish Executive National Programme for Mental Health and Well-Being, Glasgow Anti-Racist Alliance, Scotland UnLtd and the Evening Times. This group contains nearly every single significant public agency in the city — all of which contributed and engaged with the project. Finally, to the many individuals and organisations who picked up Glasgow 2020 and ran with it: to the Castlemilk Youth Project who produced their own Glasgow 2020 DVD; to some of the hairdressers at —10— —11— ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. —THE DREAMING CITY— GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION DLC Hair Salon who sparked a national (and indeed international) debate about the power of hairdressers; to everyone who braved the rain to move their office to The Pride of the Clyde boat in October 2005 and to the ‘Creative Carriage’ team facilitated by the Scottish Adult Learning Partnership for running mobile massimagination on the Glasgow – Edinburgh trains. To those and many more we are grateful that you chose to contribute to this project and make it exciting and unpredictable. A project of the scale and ambition of Glasgow 2020 would not have been possible without the dedication of a number of people who worked with us throughout the whole process. John Daly and Keith Hunter of 101 Dimensions facilitated many of our events with passion and integrity. Jenny Hamill and Diane Hutchison of Oyster Arts assisted in the logistics of numerous activities with grace. Jenny gained both a husband and a son during the project — we would like to thank her especially for her commitment to the project. Sharon Halliday and Craig Jardine of Infinite Eye designed and modified the project website and were responsible for our fabulous Glasgow 2020 logo. Glasgow 2020 inspired a wide range of people to contribute time and effort, enthusiasm and ideas. Pre-project, Ken Wardrop, then of Scottish Enterprise Glasgow, Carol Tannahill, of Glasgow Centre for Population Health, and Jim McCormick, of Scottish Council Foundation, gave their thoughts and insights to aiding the initial project proposal. Through the course of the project we were blessed by the valuable advice of many wonderful —12— —ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS— people. Jean Cameron of The Arts Practice was a passionate and committed advocate of this project as she is of the art she believes in and coined the idea ‘assemblies of hope.’ Jacqueline Whymark of the Scottish Adult Learning Partnership helped to make the ‘Creative Carriage’ a wonderful experience for everyone involved. Liz Gardner of Fablevision and Russell McClarty, then the Church of Scotland minister at St Paul’s Church, were enthusiastic believers in the idea of story. Karen Cunningham, Head of Libraries, Culture and Sport Glasgow, and Bridget McConnell, Chief Executive of Culture and Sport Glasgow, supported this project through the Glasgow City Council. Phil Hanlon, Department of Public Health, Glasgow University, provided enthusiasm and numerous provocations. A big thank you also to David Leask, formerly of the Evening Times, and now of the Herald; Russell Leadbetter, of the Evening Times, and author of two of the best-selling books on Glasgow in recent years; and Charles McGhee and Janette Harkess, formerly editor and deputy editor of the Evening Times and now of the Herald, for the time and passion you showed with Glasgow 2020. Glasgow 2020 was a learning experience for all of us. Many staff at Demos gave support from the cerebral to archiving and analysing the masses of materials (including lots of Post-it notes). We would like to thank specifically the interns Nasser Abourahme, Amanda Cecil, Chung Hey-Wan, Nayan Parekh, Amy Horton and Faton Shabi who worked voluntarily to support the project; Sam Hinton-Smith, Eddie Gibb, Julia Huber and Peter Harrington who provided —13— —THE DREAMING CITY— GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION communications support; Alison Harvie for her support in administering the project and in particular, Tom Bentley in the initial stages, and Joost Beunderman, John Holden and John Craig subsequently for their valuable insights. A last word and thought should go to Rosie Ilett who oversaw the last stage of checking references and proofing the whole document. All web references were checked in April 2007. This book has been brilliantly designed by Åbäke, and copyedited by Susannah Wight. We would also like to thank Sefi Amir at Design Heroine for her work designing and dressing the space at the Big Dream event in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. We have all been changed by this experience. For a start we are all a bit older and maybe a bit wiser. We have lived with Glasgow 2020 for a long time and its unfolding tapestry has been part of our lives. We can honestly say that Glasgow 2020 was a humbling experience, offering the opportunity of meeting, listening and speaking to so many different people share their hopes and dreams. This book is dedicated to the people of Glasgow who created it. We hope you see the city of the future in it and find it a useful road map to get there. We would like to be part of that journey. Gerry Hassan — gerry.hassan@virgin.net Melissa Mean — melissa.mean@demos.co.uk Charlie Tims — charlie.tims@demos.co.uk April 2007 —14— PART 1 INTRO DUCTION —15— —THE DREAMING CITY— GLASGOW 2020 AND THE POWER OF MASS IMAGINATION ‘ Stadtluft macht frei’ — City air makes you free Old German proverb 2 This book maps the story of our cities — the places they are now and the places people hope they will become in the future. It is told through the experience of one city — Glasgow — where over the course of 18 months Demos facilitated an experiment to open up the city’s future to the mass imagination of its citizens. What people created has resonance and learning not only for Glasgow, but for cities elsewhere and for anyone who is concerned with how we shape our shared futures. Glasgow is a city which has experienced constant change and adaptation from its period as an ‘imperial city’, as the Second City of Empire and the Athens of the North, to its latter day reinvention as the City of Culture and Second City of Shopping. This is a city with pull, buzz, excitement, and a sense of style and its own importance. It has a potent international reach and influence. There are nearly two dozen towns and cities around the world named after Glasgow, following the trade threads of Empire — from Jamaica to Montana and even a Glasgow on the moon.3 The Glasgow character has been much written about by people studying the city from within and outwith, some to praise it, and others to condemn it. There is also the Glasgow with historic and deep inequalities, a city of sharp divisions in income, employment, life chances, lifestyle and health. In these relatively good times for the majority in Scotland and the UK, many of these inequalities have grown wider.4 —16— —INTRODUCTION— JANUARY 2020 MO TU WE TH FR SA SU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 This is a place whose past experience and contemporary tensions and possibilities offer a rich setting within which to examine the questions and dilemmas the modern city faces. Glasgow has shown a remarkable capacity for civic leadership and pride, past innovation and reinvention, and therefore makes a compelling site to ask what might come next in our urban futures. The Glasgow 2020 project started out to: develop a whole-city project: engaging Glasgow’s many different communities of place, interest and identity as well as civic and public institutions in a shared project. —17—