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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.341 Survey of Powdery Mildew in Major Cucumber Growing Areas of Northern Karnataka, India H. Parameshwar Naik* and Shripad Kulkarni Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-580005, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Cucumber, Survey, Powdery mildew, Karnataka Article Info Accepted: 23 March 2018 Available Online: 10 April 2018 Powdery mildew is very important foliar disease of cucumber among major cucurbits growing areas of Karnataka which results in huge economic loss. Disease first appear on the leaves thirty days after sowing and continue to produce white mycelial growth on various aerial plant parts up to the harvest. Survey results revealed that the disease severity of powdery mildew in all the cucumber growing areas of northern Karnataka is low to severe (10.25 to 63.08 %). The disease severity was varied among different stage of the crop and varieties grown but there was no significant difference among the cultivation practices. Maximum mean disease severity was recorded in Dharwad district 33.06 per cent, whereas minimum disease severity was recorded in Belagavi with 27.21 per cent. Introduction Cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) is a popular fresh market vegetable preferred for several food stuffs and is cultivated throughout India. The total area under cucumber cultivation in India is 71000 hectare with a production of 1202000 tonnes with an average productivity of 16.92 tonnes (Anon, 2015-16). Powdery mildew is a serious disease and causes considerable yield loss to the number of cucurbitaceous crops grown in India. Its distribution and relative occurrence varies throughout the world. Most of the cucurbits are found susceptible to powdery mildew disease but few cucurbits are not much infected due to resistant cultivars. This disease reduces the yield by interfering with photosynthetic activity and biochemical imbalance. Till date across the world more than eight genera have been reported from order Erysiphales. Among them Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Levilulla taurica are the major pathogens. Cucumber powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea has worldwide importance and it is considered to be one of the most devastating diseases as its occurrence and incidence assumes greater significance resulting in reduction of fruit yield. Powdery mildew and downy mildew together causes up to 50-70 per cent a loss (Sitterly, 1972 and Awad, 2000). In 3015 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 the present study survey was conducted to know the disease severity of powdery mildew of cucumber in major cucumber growing areas of northern Karnataka in open field as well as protected structures. Among the cucurbits, Lagenaria siceraria and Cucurbita moschata have recorded highest disease and also the wild cucurbit Coccinia cardifolia (Gangwar and Mishra, 2014). Materials and Methods A roving survey for severity of powdery mildew of cucumber was conducted in Belagavi, Haveri, Dharwad and Vijaypuraa districts of northern Karnataka during late kharif 2016-17. The information on cucumber growing areas was collected from respective districts of horticulture department. Details of individual fields visited and necessary information on disease severity was recorded. During the survey cucumber fields were observed for powdery mildew severity, stage of crop and other details were recorded. In open field conditions five plants were randomly selected and severity was recorded by following 0-9 scale through visual observation (Mayee and Datar, 1986) as given below. Per cent disease index (PDI) was calculated by using formula given by Wheeler (1969). Sum of the all individual disease ratings PDI = ---------------------------------------- x 100 Total number of plants observed x Maximum grade Results and Discussion A roving survey was carried out in Dharwad, Haveri, Belagavi and Vijaypura districts of northern Karnataka during late kharif 2016 to find out the severity of powdery mildew of cucumber. Twenty seven locations in Belagavi, sixteen locations in Dharwad, thirty places in Haveri and eleven locations in Vijaypura (total eighty four cucumber fields) were surveyed as explained in Material and Methods. The results are presented in Table 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, figure 1, 2, 3, 4, and plate 1. Maximum mean percent disease severity (PDI) was observed in Dharwad district (33.06 PDI) followed by Haveri district (29.87 PDI) and minimum mean percent disease severity (PDI) was observed in Belagavi (27.21 PDI) district and it is on par with Vijaypuraa district (27.60 PDI). In Dharwad district, two taluka’s were surveyed, Viz., Dharwad and Hubli. In Dharwad taluka the survey was conducted in sixteen villages. Among them, the maximum severity (59.66 %) was recorded at MARS, Dharwad followed by Tadakoda village with a severity of (40.86 %) whereas, least severity (12.25 %) was recorded in Mrutyunjay nagar. Similarly in Hubli taluka the maximum severity (43.29 %) was recorded in Saunshi followed by Adaragunchi with the severity of 42.78 per cent. The least severity (13.53 %) of powdery mildew was recorded in Ramanakoppa village. In Haveri district, five taluka’s were surveyed, viz., Haveri, Ranebennur, Hirekerur, Shiggaon and Byadgi. In Haveri taluka the survey was conducted in five villages. Among them the maximum severity (29.66 %) was recorded in Vardi cross followed by Motebennur village with a severity of 26.36 per cent. Whereas least severity (20.15%) was recorded in Kerimathihalli village. Similarly in Ranebennur taluka the maximum severity (58.15 %) was recorded in Basirikatti village followed by Medleri with the severity of 40.19 per cent whereas, the least severity of 18.66 per cent was recorded in Chalageri. Similarly in Shiggaon taluka the maximum severity (36.25 %) was recorded in Gotagodi 3016 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 followed by Shiggaon with the severity of 30.78 % per cent, the least incidence (22.18 %) was recorded in Niralgi. In Byadgi taluka maximum severity (40.18 %) was recorded in Angargatti whereas the least severity (21.12 %) was recorded in Mallur. Similarly in Hirekurur taluka maximum severity (39.55 %) was recorded in Masur, least severity (20.48 %) was recorded in Bannihatti. Among the talukas surveyed in Haveri district the maximum severity (32.84 %) was recorded in Byadgi and least severity was recorded in Haveri taluka (24.49 %). In Belagavi district, four taluka’s were surveyed, Viz., Belagavi, Bailhongal, Savadatti and Gokak. In Belagavi taluka the survey was conducted in five villages. Among them the maximum severity (29.18 %) was recorded in Sutagatti village followed by Hulikatti village with severity of 24.15 % per cent recorded, whereas least severity (10.25 %) was recorded in K. K Koppa village. Similarly in Bailhongal the survey was conducted in nine villages, among them maximum severity (63.08 %) was recorded in Bailwad cross followed by Kadrohalli village with the severity (36.17 %) whereas the least severity (20.79 %) was recorded in Badekollimath, Similarly in Gokak taluka the maximum severity of 38.12 per cent was recorded in Gokak followed by Yardal with the severity of 33.59 per cent the least disease incidence (29.45 %) was recorded in Murkibhavi. In Savadatti taluka maximum severity (29.15 %) was recorded in Inamhongal village followed by Yaragatti with a severity of 28.27 per cent was recorded and least disease severity was recorded in (18.19 %) Munavalli. In Vijaypura district, three talukas were surveyed, viz., Vijaypura, Basavana bagewadi and Indi. In Basavana Bagewadi taluka the survey was conducted in three villages. Among them, the maximum disease severity (40.15 %) was recorded in Managuli followed by Ronihal village (36.69 %) whereas least disease severity (28.66 %) was recorded in Agasbal village. Similarly in Vijaypura taluka the maximum severity (29.58 %) was recorded in Jumanal village followed by Vijaypura with the severity of 22.45 per cent and least severity (17.29 %) was recorded in Arakeri. In Indi taluka maximum severity (27.69 %) was recorded in Tidagundi and minimum in (23.10 %) Horti village, respectively. Among the talukas surveyed in Vijaypura district the maximum severity (35.16 %) was recorded in Basavana Bagewadi taluka and least severity (22.35 %) was observed in Vijaypura taluka. Disease scoring scale Score Description 0 No symptom of powdery mildew on leaves. 1 Small scattered powdery mildew specks covering 1 % or less leaf area. 3 Small powdery lesions covering 1-10 % of leaf area. 5 Powdery lesions enlarged covering 11-25 % of leaf area. 7 Powdery lesions coalesce to form big patches covering 26-50 % leaf area. 9 Big powdery patches covering 51 % or more of leaf area and defoliation occur 3017 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 Table.1a Survey for severity of cucumber powdery mildew in different districts of northern Karnataka during kharif 2016 Districts Belagavi Belagavi Taluks Villages Latitude (°N) 15.81 15.76 15.83 15.77 15.63 15.69 15.69 15.72 Longitude (°E) 74.86 74.75 74.84 74.64 74.73 74.70 74.73 74.69 Soil type Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Stage of the crop Flowering Flowering Flowering Flowering Harvesting Flowering Flowering Flowering Flowering Type of cultivation Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Bailhongal Bailhongal Belavadi Bailawada cross Hire Bagevadi Badekollimath Ambadagatti Dasthikoppa Kadrolli M.K.hubli Belagavi Marihal Sulebhavi K.K.Koppa Hulikatti Sutagatti 15.88 15.89 15.85 15.78 15.86 74.67 74.65 74.50 74.62 74.71 Black Black Black Black Black Harvesting Flowering Flowering Flowering Harvesting Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Gokak Nesargi Yardal Murkibhavi Gokak 15.90 15.77 15.63 15.86 74.77 74.79 74.73 74.84 Black Black Black Black Flowering Flowering Flowering Flowering Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Savadatti Kurabetta Munavalli Yaragatti Inamhongal Hire ulligeri Savadathi 16.23 15.63 16.23 15.62 15.66 15.75 74.59 74.51 74.50 75.07 75.09 75.12 Black Black Black Black Black Black Flowering Flowering Flowering Flowering Harvesting Harvesting Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Taluk mean District mean 3018 Variety/ Hybrid Green long Dharwad green Dharwad green Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Taluk mean Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Taluk mean Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Malini F1 Taluk mean Gullakai Gullakai Dharwad green Dharwad green Greenlong Dharwad green 23.85 29.61 PDI Other diseases observed 22.16 29.33 63.08 31.18 20.79 24.56 36.12 36.17 30.15 32.16 16.12 17.88 10.25 24.15 29.18 20.02 30.12 33.59 29.45 38.12 32.82 12.45 18.19 28.27 29.15 27.15 26.15 Downy mildew Downy mildew Anthracnose Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew anthracnose Anthracnose - Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 Districts Taluks Dharwad Dharwad Hubballi Haveri Byadgi Hirekerur Haveri Villages MARS, Dharwad Latitude (°N) 15.45 Longitude (°E) 75.00 Soil type Black Stage of the crop Harvesting Type of cultivation Rainfed Variety/ Hybrid Dharwad green Garaga Tadakoda Lokur Narendra Yethinagudda Maalapur Mrityunjayanagar Marewada Kavalgeri 15.34 15. 60 15.72 15.36 15.48 15.46 15.46 15.43 15.49 74.55 74.99 74.79 75.12 74.98 75.00 75.01 75.05 75.07 Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Harvesting Harvesting Flowering Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Varur Agadi Adaragunchi Samshi Betadur Ramankoppa 15.1 14.82 12.97 15.21 15.22 15.16 74.97 75.46 77.56 75.30 75.19 75.14 Black Black Black Black Black Black Harvesting Flowering Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Greenlong Dharwad green Gullakai Dharwad green Gullakai Dharwad green Sarpan seeds Dharwad green Greenlong Taluk mean Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Green long Gullakai Taluk mean Mallur Angaragtti Kadaramandalgi Motebennur Haleshidenur 14.69 14.66 14.64 14.71 14.63 75.44 75.44 75.51 75.48 75.44 District Mean Black Harvesting Red Harvesting Red Harvesting Red Harvesting Black Harvesting Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed irrigated Bannihatti Hullatti Masur Rattihalli 14.37 14.48 14.25 14.42 75.41 75.48 75.01 75.51 Red Red Red Black Floweing Harvesting Floweing Floweing Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Nelogal Haveri Motebennur Kerimattihalli 14.69 14.66 14.63 14.75 75.40 75.43 75.42 75.37 Red Red Red Red Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed 3019 Dharwad green Ranebennur local Dharwad green Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Taluk mean Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Taluk mean Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local PDI Other diseases observed 59.66 Downy mildew, Anthracnose, Wilt. Downy mildew Anthracnose Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew - 40.16 40.86 35.12 31.29 38.15 46.66 12.25 14.15 29.16 34.74 28.16 36.66 42.78 43.29 15.17 13.53 31.39 33.06 29.66 40.18 35.69 30.15 39.28 32.84 20.48 32.12 39.55 30.36 30.62 26.12 20.16 26.36 20.15 Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Anthracnose Anthracnose Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Anthracnose Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 Vardi cross Districts Taluks Haveri Shiggaon Ranebennur Vijaypura Villages Bisalahalli Tadasa Niralagi Kamanhalli Gotagodi Shiggaon Taluk mean Gangajaltanda Asundi Guttal Siddapur Halageri Ranebennur Chalageri Medleri Basirikatti Chikkuruvathi 14.32 75.54 Red Harvesting Rainfed Latitude (°N) 14.54 13.90 15.31 15.01 15.02 14.51 Longitude (°E) 75.56 75.70 74.72 75.19 75.18 75.41 Soil type Black Black Red Red Red Red 14.61 14.62 14.34 14.61 14.61 14.56 14.66 15.84 14.62 75.59 75.62 75.89 75.63 75.62 75.71 75.73 74.59 75.63 Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Stage of the crop Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Type of cultivation Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Taluk mean District mean Black Harvesting Black Harvesting Black Harvesting Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Dharwad green Malini Malini Taluk mean Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Taluk mean Dharwad green Dharwad green Dharwad green Taluk mean Basavana bagewadi Agasabal Managuli Ronihal 16.52 16.65 16.52 76.05 75.81 75.69 Vijaypura Jumanal Vijayapur Hittinalli Bhutanal thanda Arakeri 16.47 16.83 16.31 16.89 16.90 75.52 75.71 74.78 75.71 75.69 Black Black Black Black Black Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Irrigated Rainfed Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Tidagundi Horti Basanal 17.21 17.11 17.06 75.80 75.78 75.78 Black Black Black Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed Indi District mean 3020 Ranebennur local Taluk mean Variety/ Hybrid Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local Ranebennur local 29.66 24.49 PDI 23.20 29.26 22.18 28.26 36.25 30.78 28.66 33.26 30.15 39.25 26.15 28.12 27.15 18.66 40.19 58.15 26.77 32.78 29.87 28.66 40.15 36.69 35.16 29.58 22.45 20.18 22.26 17.29 22.35 27.69 23.10 25.12 25.30 27.60 Downy mildew Other diseases observed Anthracnose Anthracnose Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew Anthracnose Downy mildew Downy mildew Downy mildew - Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 Table.1b Districts and Talukawise incidence of powdery mildew in cucumber Sl No. District 1 Belagavi 2 3 4 Dharwad Haveri Vijaypura Taluk Mean PDI District mean PDI Bailhongal 32.16 27.21 Belagavi 20.02 Gokak 32.82 Savadathi 23.85 Dharwad 34.74 Hubballi 31.39 Shiggaon 28.66 Haveri 24.49 Byadgi 32.84 Ranebennur 32.78 Hirekerur 30.62 Vijaypura 22.35 Indi 25.30 Basavanabagewadi 35.16 33.06 29.87 27.60 Table.1c Influence of type of cultivation on severity of cucumber powdery mildew in northern Karnataka during kharif 2016 Sl No. District Bailhongal Belagavi Gokak Savadathi Dharwad Dharwad 2 Hubballi Haveri Shiggaon 3 Haveri Byadgi Ranebennur Hirekerur Vijaypura Vijaypura 4 Indi Basavanabagewadi Mean per cent disease index 1 Belagavi Taluk Type cultivation Rainfed Irrigated (PDI) (PDI) 38.74 27.72 17.43 22.65 32.82 18.26 26.66 47.39 28.61 42.78 27.36 29.62 25.72 25.57 20.16 34.99 39.28 30.12 39.00 27.65 39.55 19.97 22.26 25.30 35.17 30.23 29.32 3021 District mean PDI 27.21 33.06 29.87 27.60 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 Table.1d Influence of variety/hybrids on severity of cucumber powdery in northern Karnataka during kharif 2016 Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Variety/hybrid Malini Dharwad green Greenlong Gullakai Ranebennur local Sarpan hybrid Per cent disease index (PDI) Belagavi Dharwad Haveri Vijaypura 27.19 38.42 32.85 38.17 32.68 24.04 24.66 22.17 20.72 28.93 30.44 12.25 - Mean PDI 32.80 31.95 23.41 24.82 30.44 12.25 Table.1e Influence of stage of crop on severity of cucumber powdery on different varieties/hybrids in northern Karnataka during kharif 2016 Sl No. 1. 2. Stage of the crop Per cent disease index (PDI) in different variety Malini Dharwad Green Gullakai Ranebennur Sarpan green long local hybrid Flowering 28.48 37.46 22.16 23.60 30.13 stage Harvestin 18.455 36.075 33.65 32.65 31.705 12.25 g stage 5 The severity of powdery mildew ranged from 10.25 to 63.08 Per cent Disease Index (PDI) in northern Karnataka during late kharif, 2016. The highest mean disease severity was recorded in Dharwad district (33.06 PDI) followed by Haveri district (29.87 PDI) and least disease incidence was recorded in Belagavi district (27.21 PDI) and incidence in Vijaypura district was on par with Belagavi district (27.60). This clearly indicates that the disease severity and development depends on factor like location, stage of the crop, cultural practices adopted and susceptibility of the cultivars grown. Apart from this it also depends on congenial conditions prevailing in that area for disease development. The highest severity of powdery mildew was attributed to the temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness period, morning dew and sunshine hours prevailed during the crop period, which was favorable for the powdery Mean PDI 28.36 25.42 mildew development and spread. Similar types of observations were made by Cheah et al., (1996) while working with pea. Prevalence of higher disease intensity in these areas may be due to congenial climatic conditions like relative humidity, cool temperature and susceptible genotypes which might have influenced inoculum multiplication, varied temperature regimes and water content of conidia supported spore germination and infection process of the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. The results are in confirmation with observation of several investigators (Sharmila et al., 2005; Raghavendra, 2005 and Ashtaputre, 2006). Results are also in line with Chaudhary et al., 2014 who reported that capsicum powdery mildew disease severity was differ among the various locations of Himachal Pradesh. 3022 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 If the age of the crop coincides with favourable weather parameters development of the disease with very fast and cause a severe loss. Minimum rainfall, cooler nights and high day temperatures were enough for disease development. Wide variation (13-150 C) in the maximum and minimum temperature and day and night relative humidity (39.9-51.7 %) enhances the development of powdery mildew and it was very much noticed in black gram (Anand Singh and Anil Sirohi, 2003). The highest severity of powdery mildew was attributed to the temperature and relative humidity prevailed during the crop periods which were favourable for the powdery mildew development and spread. Similar types of observations were made in chilli powdery mildew by Ashtaputre et al., (2006). Among the varieties/hybrids cultivated Malini a hybrid from Seminis Company has covered more area in Belagvi district. Because of heavy plant population and higher doses of fertilizer application by farmers resulting in succulency in plant and favourable microclimate for disease development and host susceptibility similar observation were also made by Koren (1978) and Palti (1971). Intensive cultivation coupled with continuous cropping, where in proximity of infected crops and amount of inoculum present undoubtedly affected the incidence of disease besides creating the favourable environmental conditions (Giladi, 1983, Palti, 1971, Friedrich et al., 1998, Reuveni and Rotem, 1973, Clerk and Ayesu offei, 1967). From the survey during 2016-17 it was very clear that, the disease incidence was varying in four different districts. The mean disease severity was more in Dharwad district (33.06 PDI) followed by Haveri district (29.87 PDI) and average mean percent disease severity (PDI) was observed in Belagavi (27.21 PDI) district followed by Vijaypuraa (27.60 PDI). The maximum disease severity of 63.08 per cent was observed in Bailwad cross village of Bailhongal taluka, Belagavi district where prevailing fertile black soils resulted in luxurious growth of the crop and prevailing dry condition has helped the pathogen to build up the inoculum hence, the disease intensity was more severe there. References Anand Singh and Anil Sirohi, 2003, Effect of some weather parameters on the development of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) in black gram. Pl. Dis. Res., 18 (1): 63-64. Anonymous, 2015-16, Handbook of horticulture statistics, GOI, Ministry of agriculture. Department of agricultural sciences and co-operation. New Delhi. pp.: 14-16. Ashtaputre, S. A., 2006, Studies on loss assessment, epidemiology and management of powdery mildew of chilly caused by Leveilulla taurica (Lev.) Arn. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci, Dharwad, Karnataka (India). Awad, N. G. H., 2000, Reaction of some cucurbits against physiological and histopathological changes. Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 8: 829-851. Chaudhary, J., Banyal, D. K., Singh, A. and Mehra, A. K., 2014, Status and distribution of powdery mildew of capsicum under protected cultivation in Himachal Pradesh and its management through fungicides. Pl. Dis. Res., 29 (2): 248. Cheah, L. H., Page, B. B. C. and Cox, J. K., 1996, Epidemiology of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) of squash Proc. 49th N. Z. Pl. Prot. Conf. 147-151. Clerk G. C. and Ayesu offei, E. N., 1967, Conidia and conidial germination in 3023 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 3015-3024 levillula taurica (Lev.) Arn. Annual botany, 31:749-754. Friedrich, S., Boyle, C., Munack, A. and Tantau, H. J., 1998, Simulation of infection probability of powdery mildew in winter wheat. In: proceedings of 2rd IFAC Workshop, Hanover, Germany, 28 September to October, 1997, P.7. Gangwar, S. and Mishra, K., 2014, Observations on the spectrum of powdery mildew on cucurbits in Faizabad mandala of U. P. India. J. L. Sci., 3 (2): 105-108. Giladi, 1983, the amount of systemic fungicide tridemefon required in pepper leaves for the control of Levillula taurica (lev.) Arn. Ph. D. Thesis, herbrew university, Jerusalem. 87- 94. Koren, A., 1978, Aspects of controlling levilulla taurica in canning tomatoes. Ph. D. Thesis. Herbrew University. Jerusalem. P. 27. Mayee, C. D. and Datar, V. V., 1986, Phytopathpmety. Technical Bulletin-1 (special bulletin-3), Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, Maharasthra, India, p. 29. Palti, J., 1971, Biological characteristics, distribution and control of levilulla taurica (lev.) Arn. Phytopathol. meditarranean. 10:137-153. Raghavendra, 2005, Epidemiology and management of chilli powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn. M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka (India). Reuveni, R. and Rotem, J., 1973, Epidemics of levilulla taurica on tomatoes and Peppers as affected by conditions of humidity. Phytopathol. 76:153-157. Sharmila, A. S., Kachapur, M. R., Patil, M. S., 2005, Field evaluation of chilly genotypes for resistance to powdery mildew. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.19 (1): 166-167. Sitterly, W. R., 1972, Powdery Mildews of Cucurbits. The Powdery Mildews, London: Academic Press Inc. Ltd., pp. 359-379. Wheeler, B. E., 1969, An Introduction to Plant Disease, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., London, p. 301. How to cite this article: Parameshwar Naik, H. and Shripad Kulkarni. 2018. Survey of Powdery Mildew in Major Cucumber Growing Areas of Northern Karnataka. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(04): 30153024. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.341 3024