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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION HANOI ARCHITECHTURAL UNIVERSITY TRAN NHAT KHOI ARCHITECTURAL SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FOODSTUFFS WHOLESALE MARKET TO BE SUITABLE FOR HANOI URBAN MAIJOR: ARCHITECTURE CODE: 62.58.01.02 SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION Hanoi - 2019 This dissertation has been completed at Hanoi Architectural University Academic Supervisor: Prof. PhD Nguyen Quoc Thong Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The dissertation will be defended at university-level council for dissertation grading, in Hanoi Architectural University, at……o’clock, date.........month .........year......... The dissertation can be found at the National Library and The Library of Hanoi Architectural University 1 INTRODUCTION 1) The necessity of the dissertation topic Hanoi is in the process of strong urbanization, the population is rapidly increasing in the central city and 5 satellite cities, requiring a correspondingly developed social infrastructure system. The wholesale market (WSM) of agricultural products and foodstuffs (APF), which plays a role in serving the daily needs of the city, is also subject to strong changes. However, the practice of APF WSM’s architecture development is currently facing with the following issues: Quickly backward position; Scale and land fund have not been calculated appropriately; Planning and architecture have not approached the right needs; Architectural space (SP) and function are asynchronous; Not uniform in classification, investment or management. Therefore, the dissertation chooses the topic "Architectural spatial organization of agricultural products and foodstuff wholesale market to be suitable for Hanoi urban" for research, in order to propose solutions to develop the architectural morphology of APF WSM to be suitable for Hanoi. 2) Research purpose a. Research Aims: Researching architectural spatial organizing (ASO) solutions for APF WSM to be suitable for Hanoi urban. b. Research Objectives: - Clarify issues about the position/location of APF WSM in the Hanoi market building network; classifying /ranking APF WSM; - Proposing the principles of scale calculation, functional isolation and ASO solutions for APF WSM, oriented to modernity, efficiency in use, meeting the development needs of Hanoi - Proposing principles for managing the APF WSM of Hanoi; supplement Standards and Regulations. 3) Research subject and research scope: a. Objects of the study: spatial structure, functional structure and 2 architectural morphology of APF WSM. b. Research Scope - In terms of space: APF WSM architecture in Hanoi according to the Master plan of Hanoi extended to 2030, vision to 2050; - Regarding time: until 2030. 4) Research methodology: survey method; Statistical and comparative methods; Aggregate Analysis methods. 5) Research content: - Development process; separating APF WSM from usual markets; determine the role of the APF WSM network and building; - Gathering Scientific bases for ASO of APF WSM - Classify and identify the APF WSM network; - ASO’s principles and solutions for APF WSM; - Management solutions and supplementing regulations / standards. 6) New contributions: (1)separate the category of APF WSM; (2)Built up ASO’s principles; identify specific functional space (10 components), functional ASO diagram of Hanoi APF WSM; proposing calculating method of land scale, building scale and building density; (3) Categorizing (3 categories), classification (6 levels); Proposing APF WSM network to be suitable for Hanoi urban development; (4)Proposing ASO solutions for APF WSM according to the levels of functional spaces; (5)Proposing management solutions; recommendations to supplement regulations / standards. 7) Scientific and practical significance: - Theoretical value: adding new theoretical knowledge about architectural design of APF WSM building; - Practical value: reference for architects in the work of consulting, designing APF WSM in other provinces. 8) The structure of the dissertation: Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis content includes 3 chapters; 3 CONTENT Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF MARKET AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AND FOODSTUFF WHOLESALE MARKET 1.1 General describe of wholesale markets in the world The market is closely linked to the urban development process of each country. The need to use APF is a critical human need. APF WSM exists independently and in parallel with other types of commerce; developed countries upgrade and Figure 1.5: Characteristics of APF WSM in a trading system implement existing markets; building and expanding in developing countries. The general development trend is high technology application; Combined with logistics and other auxiliary functions. 1.2 Development process of markets and agricultural product and foodstuff wholesale market architecture 1.2.1 The establishment and development of markets in Hanoi Formed and developed through the feudal period, modern period, to the Doi Moi period (1986), Hanoi urban area as well as the market system tend to be complex and expand rapidly. The main / large market system constantly moves into new urban borders. 1.2.2 Agricultural product and foodstuff wholesale markets in Hanoi In modern era, Hanoi market network fluctuates in parallel with urbanization process; developing at a new level with an expanded operating radius, diversified products, new ways of doing business, ... creating a turning point in shaping the network of WSM 4 In 2005, Hanoi has 9 main markets; The term in classification with was not used until 2008. In 2008, Hanoi and Hatay merged, there were 6 agri-food WSMs and 16 first-grade markets. In 2011, Hanoi Master Plan was approved, with system under Trade infrastructure network. 1.3 Current situation of APF WSM architecture in Hanoi To solve the set objectives, the survey is based on the following criteria: 1)Location; 2)Traffic conditions and other technical infrastructure; 3)Functional chains and market ASO; 4)Management work; 5) Operational efficiency; 6)Trends to adapt to new needs. Survey subjects were 8 markets that played the role of APF WSM in Hanoi during periods: 1)Dong Xuan Market, 2)Nghe Market, 3)Minh Khai Market, 4)Bac Thang Long Market, 5) Den Lu Market, 6)Van Dinh market, 7)Ha Vy poultry market , 8)Long Bien market. The survey shows that the operational efficiency is not high, as: About Planning spatial organization: - Location: Backward to urban development speed; - Connection traffic: unreasonable intersections, ineffective in supplying goods to the distribution system. About Architectural spatial organization: - The ASO of master plan is not reasonable, does not determine the right subjects and how it works. The system of warehouses, yards and processing is not adequate / sufficient. - Main building market: small stalls are only suitable for trading and displaying product samples, failing to fulfill the role of the main operating space; Main activities of the market are located at the outdoor trading ground, affecting transportation, adversely affected by climate & weather; Indoor space does not ensure necessary ventilation. - Environment: have not overcome the disadvantages. - Culture: The assessment of lifestyle factors as well as business traditions is unrealistic 5 About Management: has just appeared in the management system since 2008, there is still no uniformity in approach from parts 1.4 Scientific research works related to the dissertation's topic 1.4.1 Vietnam. - In the field of architecture, there have not been any studies on APF WSM. The current architectural research of the Marketplace is mainly for the retail/distribution market system, not specifically for the category of wholesale markets with a wholesale factor; mostly classified in the same category in retail markets and 1st grade markets in general; - Ministry-level scientific researches (the Ministry of Trade) determine that WSM is separate in the hierarchy of commercial buildings, belonging to commercial infrastructure; build up policies and solutions to develop APF WSM; - Some research projects of other socio-economic sectors provide / synthesize theoretical tools on socio-economic geographic perspective, supplementing the studies on urbanization from perspective of planning and zoning commercial consumer / provider. Planning projects of sectors for market or related to the market. However, there is a lack of interdisciplinary and backward development speed. The data and orientation of the projects are an important foundation for calculating and predicting the development of the APF WSM system. Hanoi Master Plan to 2030 with a vision to 2050 - approved in 2011, is the basic database for the dissertation's studies. 1.4.2 World Research documents around the world consider APF WSM to be the type of building at the top level (wholesale), located above the distribution system (retail market). In general, there’s no specific research on APF WSM architecture for Vietnam. Surveying/synthesis information in countries such as Thailand, Taiwan, HongKong, Singapore, Germany, Kazakhstan, 6 Australia,...,and cities like London, Bangalore. Specific designs: Refer to the Hanoi WSMs surveyed; domestic and foreign WSMs with similar properties and sizes. 1.5 Issues for research APF WSM is an indispensable building in the city. Currently, APF WSM is undergoing major changes to meet the needs of rapid urbanization in Hanoi. These are issues related to network planning, ASO, technical regulations / standards, and operational management. Therefore, the main research issues set out in the thesis include: - Summary of the development process of APF WSM architecture. Thereby distinguishing APF WSM from the regular market, and at the same time defining the role of the network as well as the APF WSM building in Hanoi urban development; - Classifying and defining APF WSM network in Hanoi; - Gathering scientific bases for ASO of APF WSM; - Built up ASO’s principles for APF WSM in Hanoi; - Proposing ASO’s solutions for APF WSM; - Proposing management solutions, supplementing regulations and standards Chapter 2: SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE ARCHITECTURAL SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AND FOODSTUFF WHOLESALE MARKET TO BE SUITABLE FOR HANOI URBAN 2.1 Theoretical basis - Christaller's Theory of Central Location: The hierarchical market network is described in association with the hierarchy of the market, similar to the network of central locations. (Figure 2.3) - Development trend of APF WSM to meet the needs of Hanoi urban development: moving from inside the city to outside; Having its own position and role in the goods supply system; forming large-scale public complexes with mixed functions for flexible use; 7 - "Green" architecture / Sustainable architecture with elements of "Local" architecture is a suitable trend for APF WSM Hanoi. 2.2 Factors affecting ASO of APF WSM in Hanoi 2.2.1 Market and rule of supply and demand The APF commodity Figure 2.3: Market Network - Central Location Theory. market is a commodity instant delivery market; in the relationship of Demand - Supply: Demand always comes first, from which there is Supply. The market network appears in parallel with the smooth operation of the market. - Characteristics of Demand - Supply: Hanoi is a consumption region not a key agriculture region. 2.2.2 Trade level, mode and capacity of APF circulation For Hanoi, it is typical: small-scale retail, with facilities scattered throughout the city; Supply sources for the retail system are inadequate and unstable; limitative traffic network 2.2.3 Natural, cultural and social factors - Natural climate of Hanoi: humid tropical monsoon moisture - Cultural and social features: Agricultural native culture. 2.2.4 Technical and technological factors Modern techniques and technologies can deeply influence the ASM's operating structure and language of expression 2.3 Legal basis 2.3.1 Laws and policies of Hanoi City Decree No. 02/2003 / ND-CP: gradually transferred to enterprises or cooperatives selected through tender. In 2012, Decision No. 5058 / QD-UBND Approving the planning of wholesale and retail network in Hanoi City to 2020, with orientation to 2050. 8 2.3.2 Standards, Regulations for design - Market design standards: mainly based on TCVN 9211: 2012. There are 3 classifications of markets (level 1/2/3 markets); not deeply research for APF WSM type; approaching the Marketplace as the public architecture with the function of mainly Buy and Sell, making the calculation of market size and market ASO according to the number of "users" - including sellers (number of business points and area per stall) and the buyer (guest traffic organization); has not approached the Marketplace as a component of the market with the flow of money - goods circulating in period and space. - Relevant Standards and Regulations: (Appendix 6) 2.4 Practical basis in Hanoi urban planning (UP) and development for APF WSM 2.4.1 Previous Hanoi UP project and urbanization process - Hanoi UP before expansion -UP 108 (1998): backward rapidly, not keeping up with urban growth and urbanization process - Hanoi Regional Planning: Hanoi is located in 2 international development corridors and is a peak of the interregional development quadrilateral. Key economic region with Hanoi Tonkin plays a central role. 2.4.2 Master Planning - 2011 Oriented development of the Hanoi Market and APF WSM (Figure 2.10): Figure 2.10: Master planning of trade and Establishment of a regional service system - Hanoi Master Plan - 2011 integrated agri-food WSM network in 5 areas, totaling about 150 ha.