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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 11 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.245 Studies on the Performance of Some Silkworm, Bombyx mori L, Breeds in Temperate Region of Jammu and Kashmir, India Bharath Kumar Neelaboina*, Shivkumar, Mir Nisar Ahmad and M.K. Ghosh Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Galandar, Pampore-192121, Jammu and Kashmir, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Silkworm, Parental breeds, Temperate, Evaluation index Article Info Accepted: 15 October 2018 Available Online: 10 November 2018 The present investigation was carried out at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Pampore, Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) during spring, summer and autumn, 2017 to study the performance of eleven silkworm, Bombyx mori L, breeds (CSR2, CSR6, CSR27, CSR26, CSR50, PAM114, PAM117, APS4, APS5, SK6 and SK7) of different origin under temperate climatic conditions. The rearing was carried out under uniformed laboratory condition by adopting standard method. These eleven breeds were evaluated for their performance in eight metric traits viz., fecundity (No.), hatching (%), larval weight (g), yield per 10,000 larvae by number and by weight (kg), single cocoon weight (g), single shell weight (g) and shell ratio (%). The performance of breeds varied from season to season since they were originated from different progenitors. The data generated was analyzed statistically and subjected to multiple trait Evaluation index. On the basis of the evaluation index values ranking (Mano et al., 1993) CSR2, CSR6, CSR26, CSR27, CSR50, PAM114 and PAM117 were performed well in all the three seasons except CSR6 and CSR26 which didn’t performed well in summer and autumn whereas, APS4, APS5 and SK6, SK7 performed well in spring, summer and summer, autumn respectively. Based on their performance in all the three seasons, these parental breeds will be utilized for development of foundation crosses which will be further shortlisted for the development of bivoltine silkworm double hybrid suitable to temperate region of J&K as an alternate for ruling CSR double hybrid. Introduction The common silkworm Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) spins valuable silk fibre, making it one of the most beneficial insect to mankind and is becoming an attractive multifunctional material for both textile and non-textile uses Tsukada (2005). The practice of sericulture consist of two major activities viz., cultivation of mulberry plants for producing healthy leaf to the silkworm larvae and the rearing of silkworm larvae to produce the quality cocoons, which is the raw material for the silk reeling industry (Bharath Kumar et al., 2017; Bharath Kumar et al., 2018a). Quality of leaf influences the healthy growth of silkworm larvae and thereby the quality of cocoons (Hajare et al., 2008). With the re-orientation of silkworm breeding approaches aimed at sustainability and 2192 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 increased qualitative silk production, unstinted and coordinated efforts by various silkworm breeders in the country (Datta, 1984; Basavaraja et al., 1995 and Ramesh Babu et al., 2002) resulted in the development of many bivoltine silkworm breeds and hybrids over the last few decades. Systematic breeding approaches adapted by various silkworm breeders in different sericulturally advanced countries (Hirobe, 1968; Krisnaswamy and Tikoo, 1971; He yi, 1991; Mano et al., 1991; Hong et al., 1992; Thiagarajan et al., 1993 and Datta et al., 2001) have contributed to produce silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) genotypes of desirable constitution and improvement of several quantitative and qualitative traits of economic value. Till date limited number of silkworm breeds / hybrids has been developed for the spring season under temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir (Trag et al., 1992; Kamili, 1996; Malik et al., 2006 and Malik et al., 2010) Whereas, during summer 10-15 percent farmers take up sericulture in temperate regions of Kashmir (Sahaf et al., 2016) few attempts have also been made for identification of hybrids for summer or autumn season (Farooq et al., 2006; Malik et al., 2009 and Nisar, et al., 2013). It is also need of hour to develop silkworm breeds/ hybrids withstanding the climate change (Bharath Kumar et al., 2018b) Berhampore]} procured from different Institutes were reared during spring (MayJune), summer (July-August) and autumn (August- September), 2017 at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Kashmir. The characteristics of the parental breeds are presented in Table 1. The standard rearing techniques were followed Krishnaswamy (1978). The important quantitative and qualitative traits viz., fecundity, hatching percentage, yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, shell ratio and pupation rate were recorded in all the eleven silkworm breeds during spring, summer and autumn, 2017. All the breeds were reared following completely randomised design with three replications each and 250 larvae were maintained in each replication after 3rd moult. At the end of 5th instar, the spinning larvae were collected manually and mounted in plastic collapsible mountages. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the performance of breeds in all the three seasons at CSR&TI, Pampore to develop the foundation crosses which will be shortlisted for the development of bivoltine silkworm double hybrid suitable for Kashmir valley. Where, The evaluation index value was calculated for all the eight traits studied. The evaluation index (EI) was calculated as per the below mentioned procedure (Mano et al., 1993). A–B Evaluation Index = ---------- × 10 + 50 C A = Value obtained for a particular trait in a particular breed B = Mean value of a particular trait of all the breeds Materials and Methods Eleven silkworm genotypes {CSR2, CSR6, CSR27, CSR26 and CSR50 [CSR&TI, Mysore] PAM114 and PAM117 [CSR&TI, Pampore] APS4 and APS5 [APSSRDI, Hindupur] SK6 and SK7 [CSR&TI, C = Standard deviation of a particular trait of all the breeds 10 = Standard unit 50 = Fixed value 2193 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 The index value obtained for all the traits was combined and the average EI values were obtained. The EI value fixed for the selection of a line is 50 or >50. The line, which scored above the limit, is considered to possess greater economic value. Results and Discussion The present research findings revealed that nine breeds viz., CSR2 (50.20), CSR6 (52.31), CSR26 (50.58), CSR27 (50.11), CSR50 (54.31), PAM114 (51.18) PAM117 (55.29), APS4 (54.06) and APS5 (52.68) were performed well in the spring season except SK6 (40.19) and SK7 (38.52). During summer season except CSR6 (45.28) and CSR26 (43.78) remaining breeds viz., CSR2 (51.91), CSR27 (52.31), CSR50 (55.65), PAM114 (51.06) PAM117 (50.04), APS4 (50.13) and APS5 (50.01), SK6 (52.28) and SK7 (52.74) shown E.I above 50. In autumn CSR2 (50.71), CSR27 (53.46), CSR50 (51.48), PAM114 (59.60) PAM117 (50.14), SK6 (50.31) and SK7 (53.48) recorded E.I above 50 except CSR6 (45.41), CSR26 (41.83), APS4 (44.88) and APS5 (47.20) (Table 8). Since these breeds originated from different parts of the country, the performance of these breeds varies from season to season indicating the degree of variability in genetic potential. The performance of eleven breeds during spring, summer and autumn 2017 is depicted in Table 2, 4 and 6. CSR breeds from Mysore and PAM breeds from Pampore performed well in all the three seasons except CSR6 and CSR26 which didn’t performed well in summer and autumn season. APS breeds from Hindupur performed well in spring and summer only whereas SK breeds from Berhampore recorded E.I value above 50 during summer and autumn, 2017. Evaluation index values of all the parental breeds for particular traits during spring, summer and autumn, 2017 is depicted in Table 3, 5 and 7. Success of any breeding programme is dependent on the degree of genetic variability of the available genetic resources and the selection of suitable and genetically diverse parental lines to build heterotic combinations. Results of various economic parameters showed significant difference among the breeds which revealed their genetic potential as well as variability of the breeds. These breeds have immense potentiality as breeding material as they displayed adequate variability for economic traits. Higher the variability more is the scope for obtaining higher amount of heterotic potential and also more variability is expected to surface in segregating generations of such crosses (Shabir Ahmad Bhat et al., 2018). Similar studies based on evaluation index values had also been conducted by Naseema Begum (2000), Quadir et al., (2000), Suresh Kumar et al., (2006), Nazia Choudhary and Ravindra Singh (2006), Ganaie et al., (2012), Nisar et al., (2013) and Nooruldin et al., (2014). The eleven parental breeds utilised for the present study performed well during Spring (CSR2, CSR6, CSR26, CSR27, CSR50, PAM114, PAM117, APS4 and APS5), summer (CSR2, CSR27, CSR50, PAM114, PAM117, SK6, SK7, APS4 and APS5) and autumn (CSR2, CSR27, CSR50, PAM114, PAM117, SK6 and SK7), 2017. The variation in the performance of these breeds during three different seasons indicates the degree of genetic variability. The identified parental breeds will be utilised for further breeding programmes to develop foundation crosses which will be further shortlisted to develop bivoltine double hybrid suitable to temperate region of J&K as an alternate for ruling CSR double hybrid. 2194 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 Table.1 Characteristic features of the eleven silkworm parental breeds S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Breeds CSR2 CSR6 CSR26 CSR27 CSR50 PAM114 Larval Marking Plain Marked Marked Plain Plain Plain Cocoon Colour White White White White White White Cocoon Shape Oval Constricted Constricted Oval Oval Oval S. No. 7 8 9 10 11 Breeds PAM117 APS4 APS5 SK6 SK7 Larval Marking Plain Plain Plain Plain Plain Cocoon Colour White White White White White Cocoon Shape Constricted Constricted Oval Constricted Constricted Table.2 Rearing Performance of the eleven silkworm parental breeds during spring, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CSR-2 CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 Pam-117 APS-4 APS-5 SK-6 SK-7 Avg. SD 515 523 510 475 526 500 494 531 529 545 460 510 26 97.02 96.93 94.41 95.80 95.57 98.80 96.55 96.21 97.03 97.59 93.12 96.28 1.55 9500 9486 9475 9501 9504 9538 9485 9495 9426 9359 9479 9477 47 Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt.(g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.64 1.67 1.61 1.60 1.61 1.61 1.58 1.59 1.61 0.03 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.01 20.18 20.93 20.59 20.48 20.33 19.95 21.33 20.61 20.46 19.62 19.81 20.39 0.49 91.33 91.08 91.59 90.59 90.69 90.58 91.02 91.25 91.35 90.25 90.38 90.92 0.44 By Wt.(kg) 15.04 14.49 14.78 15.00 15.03 15.01 15.35 15.12 15.15 14.68 14.86 14.96 0.24 2195 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 Table.3 Evaluation index values of eleven silkworm parental breeds during spring, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds CSR-2 CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 Pam-117 APS-4 APS-5 SK-6 SK-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) 51.92 55.00 50.00 36.54 56.15 46.15 43.85 58.08 57.31 63.46 30.77 54.77 54.19 37.94 46.90 45.42 66.26 51.74 49.55 54.84 58.45 29.61 Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. By Wt.(kg) 54.89 53.33 51.91 30.42 49.57 42.50 55.11 51.67 55.74 52.92 62.98 52.08 51.70 66.25 53.83 56.67 39.15 57.92 24.89 38.33 50.43 45.83 Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt. (g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) 46.67 53.33 52.33 60.33 70.67 48.67 46.33 50.33 51.00 38.33 41.67 35.00 59.00 53.00 56.00 60.00 50.00 61.00 52.00 50.00 29.00 34.00 45.71 61.02 54.08 51.84 48.78 41.02 69.18 54.49 51.43 34.29 38.16 59.32 53.64 65.23 42.50 44.77 42.27 52.27 57.50 59.77 34.77 37.73 Mean E.I 50.20 52.31 50.58 50.11 54.31 51.18 55.29 54.06 52.68 40.19 38.52 Table.4 Rearing Performance of the eleven silkworm parental breeds during summer, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CSR-2 CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 Pam-117 APS-4 APS-5 SK-6 SK-7 Avg. SD 524 507 506 507 538 556 544 557 542 516 518 529 19 98.09 98.18 97.87 97.94 98.85 97.45 96.80 96.71 97.29 96.92 98.83 97.72 0.75 Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. By Wt.(kg) 9693 15.08 9507 14.63 9600 14.71 9667 14.89 9693 14.89 9640 14.81 9612 14.59 9667 14.65 9640 14.95 9600 15.09 9667 15.16 9635 14.86 54 0.20 2196 Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt.(g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) 1.59 1.58 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.58 1.57 1.55 1.59 1.61 1.60 1.58 0.02 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.01 20.06 20.51 20.04 21.05 20.60 20.56 20.83 20.65 20.12 20.24 20.09 20.43 0.34 90.50 90.45 90.51 90.00 90.48 90.29 91.00 91.29 90.48 91.45 90.05 90.59 0.47 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 Table.5 Evaluation index values of eleven silkworm parental breeds during summer, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds CSR-2 CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 Pam-117 APS-4 APS-5 SK-6 SK-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) 47.37 38.42 37.89 38.42 54.74 64.21 57.89 64.74 56.84 43.16 44.21 54.93 56.13 52.00 52.93 65.07 46.40 37.73 36.53 44.27 39.33 64.80 Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. By Wt.(kg) 60.74 61.00 26.30 38.50 43.52 42.50 55.93 51.50 60.74 51.50 50.93 47.50 45.74 36.50 55.93 39.50 50.93 54.50 43.52 61.50 55.93 65.00 Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt. (g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) Mean E.I 55.00 49.50 43.50 51.00 53.50 48.00 45.00 35.00 55.00 63.00 61.50 49.00 54.00 44.00 63.00 57.00 54.00 57.00 48.00 50.00 55.00 52.00 39.12 52.35 38.53 68.24 55.00 53.82 61.76 56.47 40.88 44.41 40.00 48.09 47.02 48.30 37.45 47.66 43.62 58.72 64.89 47.66 68.30 38.51 51.91 45.28 43.78 52.31 55.65 51.06 50.04 50.13 50.01 52.28 52.74 Table.6 Rearing Performance of the eleven silkworm parental breeds during autumn, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CSR-2 CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 Pam-117 APS-4 APS-5 SK-6 SK-7 Avg. SD 528 518 518 521 535 539 540 557 545 515 528 531 13 98.65 98.26 98.17 98.08 98.69 98.9 98.6 97.94 97.92 98.14 98.72 98.37 0.35 Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. By Wt.(kg) 9533 14.61 9507 14.44 9507 14.37 9653 14.73 9653 14.8 9693 14.75 9615 14.43 9520 14.2 9507 14.47 9462 14.51 9547 14.75 9563 14.55 76 0.19 2197 Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt.(g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) 1.569 1.552 1.547 1.562 1.568 1.557 1.55 1.518 1.56 1.586 1.586 1.56 0.02 0.308 0.307 0.302 0.314 0.306 0.316 0.311 0.308 0.307 0.313 0.313 0.31 0.004 19.63 19.78 19.52 20.1 19.52 20.3 20.06 20.29 19.68 19.84 19.74 19.86 0.29 91.58 91.44 91.48 91.42 91.14 91.32 90.89 90.99 91.47 91.78 91.22 91.34 0.26 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 Table.7 Evaluation index values of eleven silkworm parental breeds during autumn, 2017 S. No. Parental breeds Fecundity (No.) Hatching (%) Yield / 10, 000 larvae brushed By No. Single cocoon wt. (g) Single shell wt. (g) Shell ratio (%) Pupation rate (%) Mean E.I By Wt.(kg) 1 CSR-2 47.69 58.00 46.05 53.16 54.50 45.00 42.07 59.23 50.71 2 CSR-6 40.00 46.86 42.63 44.21 46.00 42.50 47.24 53.85 45.41 3 CSR-26 40.00 44.29 42.63 40.53 43.50 30.00 38.28 55.38 41.83 4 CSR-27 42.31 41.71 61.84 59.47 51.00 60.00 58.28 53.08 53.46 5 CSR-50 53.08 59.14 61.84 63.16 54.00 40.00 38.28 42.31 51.48 6 Pam-114 56.15 65.14 67.11 60.53 48.50 65.00 65.17 49.23 59.60 7 Pam-117 56.92 56.57 56.84 43.68 45.00 52.50 56.90 32.69 50.14 8 APS-4 70.00 37.71 44.34 31.58 29.00 45.00 64.83 36.54 44.88 9 APS-5 60.77 37.14 42.63 45.79 50.00 42.50 43.79 55.00 47.20 10 SK-6 37.69 43.43 36.71 47.89 63.00 57.50 49.31 66.92 50.31 11 SK-7 47.69 60.00 47.89 60.53 63.00 57.50 45.86 45.38 53.48 Table.8 Mean Evaluation index values of eleven silkworm parental breeds during spring, summer and autumn 2017 Breeds CSR-2 Seasons 50.20 Spring 51.91 Summer 50.71 Autumn CSR-6 CSR-26 CSR-27 CSR-50 Pam-114 52.31 45.28 45.41 50.58 43.78 41.83 50.11 52.31 53.46 54.31 55.65 51.48 51.18 51.06 59.60 2198 Pam-117 55.29 50.04 50.14 APS-4 54.06 50.13 44.88 APS-5 52.68 50.01 47.20 SK-6 40.19 52.28 50.31 SK-7 38.52 52.74 53.48 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 2192-2201 Acknowledgments Authors wish to express a deep sense of gratitude to Central Silk Board and Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Pampore, Jammu and Kashmir for providing financial assistance and laboratory facilities to carry out the research work. 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How to cite this article: Bharath Kumar Neelaboina, Shivkumar, Mir Nisar Ahmad and Ghosh, M.K. 2018. Studies on the Performance of Some Silkworm, Bombyx mori L, Breeds in Temperate Region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(11): 2192-2201. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.245 2201