Nội dung

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 04 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1004.012 Studies on Effect of different Pre-emergence Herbicides on Weed Dynamics in Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) B. Y. Lekhana*, K. N. Geetha, S. Kamala Bai and K. N. Kalyana Murthy Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Finger millet, Kodo millet, Proso millet, Little millet, Barnyard millet Article Info Accepted: 12 March 2021 Available Online: 10 April 2021 A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at MRS, Hebbal under AICRP on weed management, Bengaluru to evaluate different pre-emergence herbicides in kodo millet. The experiment consists of twelve treatments laid out in randomised complete block design. The experiment consisted of five pre-emergence herbicides (oxadiargyl, bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor, butachlor, pendimethalin and atrazine) each at two different doses which were compared with weed free control and unweeded check. Among different pre-emergence herbicides, application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor6.0 Gat 0.330 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 days after sowing recorded lower total weed density and weed dry dry weight at 30, 60 and 90 DAS (5.72m-2, 1.41g m-2; 6.96 m-2, 2.06g m-2; 6.56m-2, 1.94 g m-2respectively). The same treatment also recorded higher weed control efficiency (59.21 %) without any phytotoxic effect on kodo millet. Good control of weeds at critical stage in this treatment produced higher grain (2225kg ha-1) and straw yield (4258 kg ha-1) which gave higher net returns (49363 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.74), which was on par with bensulfuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor6 Gat 0.165 kg a.i.ha-1. These pre-emergence herbicides have reduced the cost of cultivation producing higher profit under the present situation of labour scarce and high labour cost for weeding. Introduction Millets are recognized as an integral part of Indian diet. Millets are referred as coarse cereals and also poor man’s cereals. India produces millets in a huge amount. Millets are of two groups namely minor or small millets and major millets. Finger millet, Kodo millet, Proso millet, Little millet, Barnyard millet and Foxtail millet are the dominant minor millets cultivated in India, they belong to family Poaceae. In the minor millets, kodo millet is more important in India and in the Deccan plateau. It is known as haraka (in kannada), cow grass, native paspalum, Indian crown grass and known to be originated from tropical Africa. It is rich in its nutrient content and it is supercilious to rice and wheat in terms of higher protein, fibre content and lesser fat content, which are main for the nutrient and 127 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 energy requirement of human. It is drought tolerant, hardy crop which can be grown on poor unproductive soils where other crops may not survive. Frequently it comes up as a weed in the rice crop and consumed as kodo rice. Small millets occupy an area of 24.21 m ha with 46.99 mt total production in India and kodo millet occupies an area of 1.96 lakh ha, production of 0.84 lakh tonnes and 429 kg ha-1 productivity. Kodo millet is grown majorly in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In Karnataka, about 3.42 m ha area is occupied by small millets with production of 6.27 mt and have a productivity of 333 kg ha1 (Directorate of economics & statistics, 201718). The crop has higher yielding potential, but its lower productivity in India and Karnataka when compared to the world is because of biotic stress which is the major reasons for lower productivity and poor performance of kodo millet. The major biotic stress is weed and so the weeds are scrutinized as the main obstacle in crop cultivation during the rainy season. Weeds interfere with the crop and compete for nutrients, moisture, space and light and reduces not only the yield but also the quality of produce causing an agricultural loss of about 37 per cent (Yaduraju, 2006). As this kodo millet is widely grown in semi-arid areas and in marginal land under inadequate weed management practices weeds become major cause for lower productivity. Due to slow initial growth, it faces higher competition by weeds in the primary growth stages of the crop itself. Weed-free environment right from emergence up to 30-35 days after sowing as it is the critical time for the competition between crop and weeds. Kasasian and Seeyave (1969) suggested that the first quarter (1/4th) to onethird (1/3rd) period of total crop duration as “the critical period” for crop-weed competition. It is more important to control the weeds in the early growth stage of the crop to provide favourable weed free condition for good establishment of the crop. The control of weed growth by the application of weedicides will be most effective when applied in the early stage of weeds. Common weeds in millets are Echinochloa colonum, Echinocloa crusgulli, Dactyloctenium aegypticum, Digitaria marginata, Elusine indica, Setaria glauca, Cyperus rotundus, Cyanodon dactylon, Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis (Mishra et al., 2018). The decrease in the kodo millet yield because of weeds may be about 55-61 per cent if weeds are not controlled depending upon soil moisture level, cultivars, soil form and other environmental conditions. Therefore, weed management is a principal factor for improving the productivity of kodo millet. The current study is proposed to study the evaluation of pre-emergence herbicides in Kodo millet, with this background a field study was conducted on “Evaluation of preemergent herbicides in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobicutalum L.) at main research station, Hebbal, Bengaluru during the year 2019-20. Materials and Methods The field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station (MRS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bengaluru which is located in the agro-climatic zone V (Eastern Dry Zone) of Karnataka at a latitude of 12o 50’ North, a longitude 77o 35’ East and at an altitude of 899 meters above mean sea level. During the cropping period from July to October 2019, total rainfall of 768.6 mm was received with the maximum temperature ranged between 27.5°C and 34.7°C while the minimum temperature ranged between 13.10°C and 20.7°C. The soil of the 128 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 experimental site was red sandyloam soil with acidic pH (6.25) and low electrical conductivity is (0.25dSm-1). The soil was medium in available nitrogen(285.7kgha-1), available phosphorus (29.62 kg P2O5 ha-1) and available potassium (192.4 kg K2O ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications involving twelve treatments namely Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 150 g a. i. ha-1, Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 200 g a. i. ha-1, Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1, Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1, Butachlor 50 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1, Butachlor50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1, Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1, Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 1000 g a. i. ha-1, Atrazine 50 WP at 500 g a. i. ha-1, Atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 which are compared with weed free and un weeded check. The main field was ploughed at optimum moisture condition with tractor and brought to a fine tilth. Line sowing of seeds was taken up by mixing the seeds with sand at 1:3 ratio for easy handling. The crop was sown on July 15th during the Kharif season using kodo millet variety RK 390-25 at the seed rate of 8kg per ha. The crop was fertilized with 40:20:0 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 in the form of urea and DAP. These pre-emergence herbicides are sprayed on third day after sowing using knapsack sprayer fitted with flood jet nozzle. Total weed counts were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 DAS from two quadrats each of area 1m X1m and expressed in number m-2. The weed in the sample quadrats were collected in each plot separately at 30, 60 and 90 DAS and was oven dried at 60°C ± 5°C for 48 hours, a constant weight obtained and expressed in gram m-2. The phytotoxic effect of herbicides on the crop and effect of herbicides in weed control was recorded using phytotoxicity score rating (0-10), zero (no toxicity) to ten (100% toxicity) scale (Anon., 1981)at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after application of herbicide. The observations on weed control efficiency was calculated using the formulas given by Patel et al., (1987). Where, WCE: Weed control efficiency expressed in percentage Wo: Total dry weight of weeds from unweeded plot. Wt: Total dry weight of weeds from treated plot. Data obtained from the experiment was analysed by using the technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference between treatment means was tested for their statistical significance with appropriate critical difference (CD) at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Results and Discussion Weed observations Predominant weed species The weed species noticed in the experimental field during the crop growth period in Kharif,2019 were of three categories, they were sedges, grasses and broad- leaf weeds (Appendix I). The major sedge weed observed in association with crop was Cyperus rotundus and the grasses were Cynodond actylon, Brachiraria ramose, Chloris barbata, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Digitaria marginata, Eleusine indica and Echino cloacolona. The broad leaf weeds observed were Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina 129 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 benghalensis, Cinebra didema, Euphorbia hirta and Syndrella nodiflora. The other weeds observed in less numbers were Sateriagluca (grass), Amaranthus viridis, Acanthospermum hispida, Cleome viscose, Borreria hispida, Mimosa pudica, Phyllanthus niruri, Sida acuta and Tridax procumbens (Broad leaf weeds). The broadleaved weeds were dominant and the lowest were sedges, based on the weed density under weedy check situation. As observed in this study, similar weed flora was reported by Patil et al., (2013); Kujur et al., 2015; Mishra et al., 2018. Total weed counts (m-2) on 30, 60 and 90 DAS Application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6 % G + pretilachlor 6.0 % G 0.330 kg a. i. ha1 recorded significantly lower total weed density per square at all stages of 30, 60 and 90 DAS (5.72, 6.96 and 6.56 no. m-2 respectively) which was on par with bensulfuron methyl 0.6 % G + pretilachlor 6.0 % G 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1(6.27, 7.01 and 6.72no. m-2 respectively) fb T11: weed free (7.23, 7.29 and 6.92no. m-2 respectively) compared to other treatments. However unweeded check(11.56, 10.7 and 10.19no. m-2 respectively) followed by atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1recorded higher number of all category weeds at all the stages (Table 1). Similar results were obtained in the works of Prashanth Kumar et al., (2015) and Satish Kumar Pandey et al., (2018). Total weed dry weight (g m-2) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS Bensulfuron methyl 0.6 % G + pretilachlor 6.0 % G 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 (1.41, 2.06 and 1.94 g m-2respectively) and bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1(1.41, 2.24 and 2.04 g m-2 respectively) fb weed free condition (1.83, 2.42 and 2.44 g m-2 respectively) recorded significantly lower total weed dry weight compared to other treatments at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. The next best herbicide treatment was found to be butachlor 50 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1(2.05g m-2) for control of weeds at 30 DAS. Unweeded check recorded highest total weed dry weight (3.94, 4.50 and 4.40 g m-2, respectively) at all the crop growth stages (Table 2). Lower dry weight of weeds in Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 and Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha1 at all the stages was mainly attributed to effective control of sedges and broad leaf weedsand good establishment of crop plants in these treatments without any phytotoxicity of herbicides on crop plants (Shanmugapriya et al., 2019). Weed control efficiency Among different pre-emergent herbicidal treatments, significantly highest weed control efficiency (59.21 %) (Table 3) was recorded with the application of bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 which was on par with bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 (57.34 %) fb weed free treatment (49.44 %) which was because of good suppression and control of all types of weeds which led to lower dry matter production by the weeds. Butachlor 50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1 and atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 recorded lower WCE of 21.95 and 22.13 % respectively which was due to poor and no proper control of weeds Shanmugapriya et al., (2019) and Kabita Mishra (2019). 130 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 Table.1 Total weed count (no. m-2) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS as influenced by application of different pre-emergent herbicides in kodomillet Treatments T1: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 150 g a. i. ha -1 T2: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 200 g a. i. ha -1 T3: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha -1 T4: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha -1 T5: Butachlor 50 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T6: Butachlor 50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T7: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 500 g a. i. ha -1 T8: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 1000 g a. i. ha-1 T9: Atrazine 50 WP at 500 g a. i. ha-1 30 DAS 9.74(94.67) 9.02(81.00) 6.27(39.00) 5.72(32.67) 9.07(82.00) 10.15(102.67) 10.12(102.00) 9.72(94.67) 7.56(56.67) 60 DAS 9.78(95.33) 9.48(89.33) 7.01(48.67) 6.96(48.00) 8.67(74.67) 10.06(100.7) 8.47(71.33) 8.15(66.00) 10.12(102.0) 90 DAS 8.90(78.67) 8.86(78.00) 6.72(44.67) 6.56(42.67) 8.47(71.33) 9.19(84.00) 7.86(61.33) 7.73(59.33) 9.16(83.33) T10: Atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T11: Weed Free 8.30(68.67) 7.23(52.00) 9.58(91.33) 7.29(52.67) 9.30(86.00) 6.92(47.33) 11.56(133.3) 10.70(114.0) 10.19(103.33) T12: Un weeded check * * * F test 0.299441 0.147 0.122 S.E m± 0.878285 0.431 0.358 CD(p=0.05) Data analysed using Square root of (x+1) transformation, ( )= Data given in parenthesis are original values, DAS= Days after sowing Table.2 Total weed dry weight of weedsat 30, 60 and 90 DAS (g m-2) as influenced by application of different preemergent herbicides in kodo millet Treatments T1: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 150 g a. i. ha-1 T2: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 200 g a. i. ha-1 T3: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 T4: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 T5: Butachlor 50 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T6: Butachlor 50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T7: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T8: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 1000 g a. i. ha-1 T9: Atrazine 50 WP at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T10: Atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T11: Weed Free T12: Unweeded check F test S.Em± CD(p=0.05) 30 DAS 2.27(4.66) 2.39(5.23) 1.41(1.49) 1.41(1.48) 2.05(3.70) 2.62(6.37) 3.11(9.15) 2.74(7.04) 2.33(4.92) 2.00(3.53) 1.83(2.86) 3.94(14.99) * 0.055 0.161 60 DAS 2.68(6.70) 2.89(7.86) 2.24(4.54) 2.06(3.72) 3.27(10.18) 3.49(11.67) 3.18(9.59) 3.10(9.10) 3.52(11.87) 3.64(12.74) 2.42(5.37) 4.50(19.73) * 0.059 0.175 90 DAS 3.27(10.20) 3.14(9.37) 2.04(3.67) 1.94(3.27) 3.36(10.80) 3.90(14.77) 3.17(9.57) 3.33(10.57) 3.95(15.17) 4.25(17.60) 2.44(5.47) 4.40(18.87) * 0.084 0.245 Data analysed using Square root of (x+1) transformation, ( )= Data given in parenthesis are original values, DAS= Days after sowing 131 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 Table.3 Weed control efficiency in kodo millet as influenced by different pre-emergent herbicidal treatments Treatments T1: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 150 g a. i. ha-1 T2: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 200 g a. i. ha-1 T3: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 T4: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 T5: Butachlor EC at 50 500 g a. i. ha-1 T6: Butachlor 50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T7: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T8: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 1000 g a. i. ha-1 T9: Atrazine 50 WP at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T10: Atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T11: Weed Free T12: Un weeded check F test S.Em± CD(p=0.05) WCE (%) 35.34 34.85 57.34 59.21 33.14 21.95 28.85 29.95 23.74 22.13 49.44 * 1.130 3.334 Table.4 Visual phytotoxicity symptoms score of pre-emergent herbicides on kodo millet crop and scale of weed control ratings as influenced by different pre-emergent herbicide treatments Treatments Phytotoxicity rating on crop (0-10 scale) Days after herbicide application 5 15 30 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 T1: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 150 g a. i. ha-1 T2: Oxadiargyl 80 WP at 200 g a. i. ha-1 T3: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 T4: Bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 T5: Butachlor EC at 50 500 g a. i. ha-1 T6: Butachlor 50 EC at 750 g a. i. ha-1 T7: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T8: Pendimethalin 38.7 EC at 1000 g a. i. ha-1 T9: Atrazine 50 WP at 500 g a. i. ha-1 T10: Atrazine 50 WP at 750 g a. i. ha-1 132 Rating on weeds (0-10 scale) Days after herbicide application 30 60 90 4 3 3 4 4 3 8 7 6 0 0 0 8 7 7 0 0 0 0 4 5 1 1 0 0 5 9 1 3 1 1 5 10 4 3 5 5 3 3 4 2 4 5 3 2 3 2 4 4 2 1 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 Appendix.I List of weeds observed in the experimental site along with their botanical name, common name and family Botanical name Cyperus rotundus L. Chloris barbata Cyanadondactylon L. Dactylocteniumaegyptium L. Digitariamarginata L. Echinochloacolona L. Eleusine indica L. SetariaglaucaL. Brachiaria ramose L. Acanthospermumhispidum Ageratum conyzoides L. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Amaranthus viridis L. Borreria stricta L. Commelinabenghalensis L. Cleome viscosa L. Euphorbia geniculate L. Euphorbia hirta L. Mimosa pudica L. Phyllanthus niruri L. Synedrellanodiflora Common name Sedges Purple nut sedge Grasses Swollen finger grass Bermuda grass Egyptian crow foot grass Tropical finger grass Jungle rice Indian goose grass Yellow fox tail millet Browntop millet Broad leaved weeds Goat’s head Goat weed Dwarf copper Green amaranth Shaggy button plant Sow thistle Tick weed Milk weed Asthama weed Touch me not Stone breaker Cinderella weed Family Cyperaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Cleomaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Phyllanthaceae Asteraceae Fig.1 Gross income, Net income and cost of cultivation (Rs. ha-1) of kodo millet as influenced by different pre-emergent herbicides application 133 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 Plate.1 Phytotoxicity of application of atrazine 50 WP at 750g a. i. ha-1 on kodo millet Visual phytotoxic symptoms on crop and scale of weed control ratings Application of different pre-emergent herbicides spray was assessed for phytotoxicity on kodo millet crop and it was found that application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 and at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 had no injury or phytotoxic effect on the kodo millet crop, while application of atrazine 50 WP at 750 kg a. i. ha-1 showed discoloration and necrosis of the plants initially then complete destruction of the crop was noticed. Weed control rating scale was also given and found that application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 (T3) and at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 (T4) gave good control of weeds but at later stages of70 DAS there was deficient control. Economics Higher net returns (49363 Rs. ha-1) was obtained with bensufuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G and at 0.330 kg a. i. ha1 fbbensufuron methyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G and at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1 (47650 Rs. ha-1) and weed free treatment (44507 Rs. ha-1) which was because of higher yields of grain (2225, 2175 and 2131 kg ha-1 respectively)and straw (4258, 4121 and 3938 kg ha-1 respectively) which fetched higher gross returns and cost of cultivation in these treatments was less due to lower price of herbicide (Fig. 1). B:C ratio of the herbicidal treatments bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.330 kg a. i. ha-1 (2.74) and bensulfuronmethyl 0.6 G + pretilachlor 6.0 G at 0.165 kg a. i. ha-1(2.68) were higher because of higher gross returns and lower cost of cultivation (Yogananda et al., 2017). References Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2018, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. pp. 52-55. Anonymous (1981) Manual for Field Trails in Plant Protection. CIBA GIEGY Ltd., Switzerland, pp. 57-60. Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. IRRI, Willey-Inter science Pub., New York, USA.pp. 680. Kabita Mishra (2019). Effect of Herbicide Bensulfuron methyl + Pretilachlor in Weed Management of Transplanted Kharif Rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Pharmacognosy Phytochem., 8(5): 378-382. 134 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(04): 127-135 Kasasian, L. and Seeyave, J. (1969). Critical Period of Weed Competition. PANS 15: 208-215. Kujur, S., V. K. Singh, D. K. Gupta, A. Tandon, V. Ekka and H. P. Agarwal (2015). Influence of weed management practices on weeds, yield and economics of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). Int. J. Bio-resource Stress Mgmt., 9(2): 209-213. Mishra, J. S., Rakesh Kumar, Upadhyay, P. K. and Hansraj Hans (2018). Weed Management in Millets. Indian. Farming., 68(11): 77-79. Patel, J. C., Raghavan, B. K., Khanpura, V. D., Kavani, D. H. and Malavia, D. B. (1987). Comparative Efficiency of Herbicides for Weed Control in Onion. Indian J. Weed Sci., 19(1&2): 66-70. Patil, B., Reddy, V. C., Prasad, T. V. R., Shankaralingappa, B. C., Devendra, R. and Kalyana Murthy, K. N. (2013). Weed management in irrigated organic finger millet. Indian J. Weed Sci., 45(2): 143-145. Prashanth kumar, M. K., Shekara, B. G., Sunil, C. M. and Yamuna, B. G. (2015). Response of Drill Sown Finger millet (Eleusine corocana L.) to Pre and Post Emergent Herbicides. Bioscan Int. Quarterly J. Life Sci.10(1): 299-302. Satish Kumar Pandey, Rajni Kiran Lakra, Sumitap Ranjan, Sonal Kumari and Avinash Kumar Paswan(2018). Effect of Weed Management Practices on Crop Weed Competition for Nutrients Uptake by Weeds and Direct Sown Finger millet. Int. J. Chem. Studies. 4: 132-135. Shanmugapriya, P., Rathika, S., Ramesh, T. and Janaki, P. (2019). Evaluation of Weed Management Practices on Weed Control and Yield of Transplanted Finger Millet. Pharma innovation J., 8(5): 276-278. Yaduraju, N. T., 2006. Herbicide Resistant Crop in Weed Management in the Extended Summaries, Golden Jubliee National Symposium on Conservation Agriculture and Environment. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi., pp: 297298. Yogananda, S. B., Gowda, P. T., and Shruthi, G. K. (2017). Weed Management Effect on Growth and Yield of Wet Direct-seeded Rice in Cauvery Command Area of Karnataka. Indian J. Weed Sci., 49(3): 219–222. How to cite this article: Lekhana, B. Y., K. N. Geetha, S. Kamala Bai and Kalyana Murthy, K. N. 2021. Studies on Effect of different Pre-emergence Herbicides on Weed Dynamics in Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(04): 127-135. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1004.012 135