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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 3026-3032 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.348 Studies on Breeding and Feeding Practices in Karnal District of Haryana: A Descriptive Study Surjya Kanta Roy* and B. S. Meena Dairy Extension Division, ICAR-NDRI, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Artificial insemination, Breeding practices, Feeding practices, Pregnancy diagnosis, Rectal palpation Article Info Accepted: 20 January 2020 Available Online: 10 February 2020 The study was all about assessing of breeding and Feeding practices followed of dairy farming by farmers in Karnal District of Haryana. Total eight villages of Karnal District were gleaned for this specific descriptive study.By random sampling all total 120 respondents were personally interviewed to know their followed dairy farming practices. The respondent farmers in all villages were well aware of different method of heat detection like bellowing, mucus discharge, frequent urination, mounting etc. All the respondents were practicing A.I and Pregnancy diagnosis at 60 days by either veterinary or paravet (as per the availability), for their animals like Indigenous cattle, Crossbreed cattle and Buffalo etc. Feed and fodder intake of animals were found as 18.32 kg, 6.05 kg, 3.44 kg in green fodder, dry fodder and concentrate, respectively. For green fodder, they used to cultivate sorghum & maize in summer and Berseem in winter for their animal. For dry fodder, they used to give paddy straw (parali), wheat straw, and rice husk, etc. in general. In different aspects of feeding practices among respondents were following two times feeding interval in feed, Fodder and water. Introduction As developing country like India where dairy farming always found to be a complimentary to the agricultural sectors, plays an important role to generate employments as well as regular income to the family with a sustainable growth. With consideration of socio-economic status of farmers regardless depends on interaction effect of both the sectors namely, agriculture as well as dairy farming. To availing of trio-benefits like resource mobilization, additional income and sustainability through dairy farming has a significant role to enhance not only farmers income but also in National income. Nonavailability of quality feed causes as an obstacle to reach animals’ fullest potential in both productive and reproductive performance (Staal et al., 2008, NCA, 1976; Ranjhan, 3026 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 3026-3032 1994; NDRI, 1996). Balanced feeding mechanism has potential to increase animal performance with respect to enhance farmer income (Duncan et al., 2013; Patil and Udo, 1997). Inefficient management of data regarding different dairy farming practices makes policy makers clueless to formulate dairy animals-based scheme and other steps to bring significant remarks over there (Verma, 1989). Another aspect like breeding practice also has contribution to obtain maximum yield through upgrading germplasm, pedigree selection etc. Different methods of heat detection were followed in all over the country in spite of bothering about the recommended practices. Both Breeding and feeding practices are important aspects of dairy farming to look for better performance and make it dynamic in competitive environment. Materials and Methods Karnal district of Haryana state was purposively selected for this descriptive study. The state Haryana positioned in the northern region of India. It is bordered by Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Karnal district lies on western bank of river Yamuna. The river splits Haryana from Uttar Pradesh. Karnal district lies between 29º41'22.27"N and 76º18'13.18" east longitude. Its height from sea level is approximately 257 metres. It is encircled by Kurukshetra district on its north and North West, Jind district on its south west and Panipat district on its south. The climate ranges from dry and hot summers to cold winters. Average annual rainfall is about 766 mm. Net irrigated area is about 1,97,000 hectares and forms 2,20,000 of the net cultivated area. Out of the 22 districts in Haryana State, Kamal district was selected purposively in this study. Total eight village were selected randomly from two different block for present investigation purpose namely, Subri, Churni, Landora and Sanghoi from Karnal block Whereas from Indri Block, Gorgarh and Deepo, Norta and Dhamenheri. A list of farmers form each randomly selected villages was prepared who were having at least one milch dairy animal at the time of investigation and more than five years of experiences of dairy farming on the basis of pilot survey. The first hand information was gleaned by personal interview method from 15 respondents from each village, who were selected from the prepared list by applying simple random sampling technique. So, all total it consists 120 farmers were the main contributors of primary information to see the present scenario of Breeding and Feeding practices of dairy farming in Karnal district. Results and Discussion Breeding and feeding practices are the two pillar of animal husbandry management. By effective management of different animal husbandry management practices can harness maximum production by reach the genetical potentiality of animal. Delay in maturity, long dry period, poor conception rate etc. might be the result of inadequate breeding and feeding practices followed by the dairy farmers. It is impossible to get better yield from dairy animals without having the first-hand knowledge of effective management practices of dairy farm. Awareness of these practices not only for obtaining maximum output but also sustaining the scares resources. Existing animals breeding practices of dairy All the dairy farmers (Table 1) preferred A.I for upgradation and Pregnancy diagnosis at 60 days by either veterinary or paravet (as per the availability), for their animals like Indigenous cattle, Crossbreed cattle and Buffalo etc. with supporting of these findings, Satyarthi et al., (2003) revealed that 76.67per cent of 3027 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 3026-3032 respondents were following A.I. for their animals. Another report, Sabapara et al., (2010) found that 96.50per cent of respondents used to practice A.I for breeding purpose of their animals. Rectal palpation was followed by all the respondents as a method of pregnancy diagnosis in the study area. Repeat breeding and anestrus were also found in study area whereas indigenous breed was found more repeat breeding as compared to crossbreed and buffalo. In overall Karnal district the respondent farmers were well aware of different method of heat detection like bellowing, mucus discharge, frequent urination, mounting etc. About 11.67 per cent respondents were following late heat stage (after 18 hrs.) for insemination which was a cause of increased service period, with adding more than one uterus cycle. Whereas, 88.33 per cent respondents were following the standard recommendation that is mid heat stage (12-18 hrs.) for insemination. The results of Patel et al., (2005), Chowdhry et al., (2006), Gupta et al., (2008), Rathore and Kachwaha (2009), Rathore et al., (2010), Sabapara et al., (2010), Menon (2009) and Hole (2016) are also referring the same phenomenon. Menon (2009), stated that 95.83per cent of respondents recognized the onset of heat in animal by vaginal discharge and bellowing (29.16%), 88.33per cent were inseminating within 12 hours of heat stage. Rathore et al., (2010) found that 61.75per cent farmers inseminate at early stage of heat identification. They preferred para-vet mostly as an inseminator because of their availability at any time of requirement. With supporting of above-mentioned findings, the results of Sabapara et al., (2010), Gupta et al., (2008) and Singh et al., (2009b). Feed and fodder offered to a lactating animal Feed and fodder intake of animals were also calibrated by weighing method during the data collection researchers’ himself recorded that how much quantity of feed and fodder were offered by farmers to their animals (Table2).For green fodder, they used to cultivate sorghum and maize in summer and Berseem in winter for their animal. For dry fodder, they used to give paddy straw (parali), wheat straw, and rice husk, etc. in general. Overall in Karnal district farmers were feeding 18.32 kg in green fodder, 6.05 kg in dry fodder, 3.44 kg in concentrate, 28.91 gram in mineral mixture, and 14.45 gram in common salt in a daily basis. With supporting of this findings Mandal et al., (2004), Kumar et al., (2017), Kumar et al., (2006), Divekar (2016), Patel et al., (2005), Katariya (2007), Gupta et al., (2008) and Manohar et al., (2014). The pattern of different composition of feed and fodder offering to their animals indicating dairy farmers potentiality to enhances their animal’s productivity and maintained a balanced diet. Results also encouraged by Modi (2003), Chowdhryet al., (2006) and Sabaparaet al., (2015). Cultivation of green crops as a use of green fodder and dry fodder among respondents in study area supported by Rangammaet al., (2013), Rathore et al., (2010), Sabaparaet al., (2010), Aulakhet al., (2011), Akila and Senthilvel (2012) and Manohar et al., (2014). Existing feeding practices of dairy animals In different aspects of feeding practices in Karnal district were like most of the respondents were following two times feeding interval in feed, Fodder and water. Within two hours of parturition, they were feeding colostrum to the new-born calf (Table- 3). 3028 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 3026-3032 Table.1 Existing breeding practices Variables Respondents (n=120) f % Indigenous Cattle 120 100.00 CBC 120 100.00 Buffalo 120 100.00 Indigenous Cattle 120 100.00 CBC 120 100.00 Buffalo 120 100.00 Indigenous Cattle 120 100.00 CBC 120 100.00 Buffalo 120 100.00 Indigenous Cattle 1 0.92 CBC 7 1.20 Indigenous Cattle 38 35.18 CBC 52 8.91 Buffalo 47 11.35 Bellowing 120 100.00 Mucus Discharge 120 100.00 Frequent Urination 120 100.00 Decreasing Rumination 120 100.00 Reduce feed intake 120 100.00 Mounting 120 100.00 Allowed Stage of Heat for Insemination Mid Heat (12-18 hrs.) 106 88.33 Late Heat (after 18 hrs.) 14 11.67 Inseminators Para-vet 120 100.00 Veterinarian 31 25.83 Method of PD By para-vet or Veterinary Doctor 120 100.00 Days of preference for PD 60 Days 120 100.00 Breeding practice (A.I) PD (After 60 days of conception) Method of PD (Rectal Palpation) No. Anestrus Repeat breeding incident Method of heat detection 3029 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 3026-3032 Table.2 Feed and fodder offered to a Lactating Animal Feed and fodder Green Fodder (kg) Dry Fodder (kg) Concentrate (kg) Mineral mixture (gram) Common Salt (gram) Respondents(n=120) Av. Quantity of feed and fodder for one lactating animal/ day 18.32±4.84 6.05±0.65 3.44±1.02 28.91±22.26 14.45±11.13 Table.3 Existing Feeding Practices Variables Respondents (n=120) f % Feeding Interval Fodder 2 Times 3 Times 2 Times 2 Times 3 Times Within two hours of birth One quarter Half quarter feed Water Feeding of colostrum Quantity of colostrum feeding 111 9 120 111 9 120 111 9 92.50 7.50 100.00 92.50 7.50 100.00 92.50 7.50 A quarter of colostrum was feeding by most of the respondents to new-born calf. With favour of this findings Shinde et al., (2001), Satyarthi et al., (2003), Patel et al., (2005), Divekar and Saiyed (2008), Sabapara et al., (2010) and Sheikh et al., (2011). farming, the Karnal district has diverse germplasm with high potentiality in productive and reproductive performances, but that has to be maintained by following the scientific recommended animal husbandry management practices. 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