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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.047 Status of Farm Mechanization under Animal Farming in Bastar Plateau Agro-climatic Zone of Chhattisgarh Amit Namdeo*, V. M. Victor and Navneet Kumar Dhruwe SVCAET& RS, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Farm Mechanization, Draught Animal, Farm Implements, Bastar plateau Article Info Accepted: 05 April 2020 Available Online: 10 May 2020 This study was conducted in two districts of Bastar plateau agro-climatic zone, which covers 28% of the total geographical area of Chhattisgarh State. Two blocks were selected from each district of Bastar plateau purposely. Three villages were selected from each block and ten respondents randomly selected from each village, total of 120. The objective of this study was to analyze the status of farm mechanization under the animal farming and identification of availability of draught animal and animal-drawn farm implements with their utilization for agricultural operations. The data for the study was collected with a detailed Proforma was developed prior to the survey, after consulting the literature available as suggested by the different researchers. During the study, we found that the Bastar plateau cover about 64% of the total draught animal population. Average draught animal power in Bastar plateau was found that 0.208 kW/ha. The highest utilization of animal power in Bastar plateau have was 233 hrs/ha. The study reveals that the majority of the respondents used country plough as their primary tillage implement, wooden plank and Kopar as a secondary tillage implement. In the case of traditional sowing methods majority, 98% used broadcasting method for sowing and only 2 per cent of the respondents used seed drill as improved seed sowing implements. secondly the good quality of work. The power required for different agricultural operations like land preparation, sowing, and harvesting appears inadequate due to the usage of traditional implements instead of improved farm implements. Introduction Farm mechanization refers to the utilization of mechanical aids, improved farm implements to enhance the agricultural production. It may not include only tractors, farm mechanization considering also animaldrawn and human powered implements. The effective mechanization contributes to increased production in two major ways: firstly the timeliness of operation and As a result, the operations are either partially done or sometimes completely neglected, resulting in low yield due to poor growth or untimely harvesting or both. 427 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about a significant improvement in agricultural productivity. Thus, there is a strong need for mechanization of agricultural operations. The factors that justify the strengthening of farm mechanization in the country can be numerous. Inquiry method was adopted for obtaining the information from selected farmers falling into different categories. The time (in hours) required for various farm operations mainly field preparation, sowing, weeding, harvesting, threshing, and transportation etc. through draught animal were recorded for each crop on the basis of the verbal interview of the farmers. The timeliness of operations has assumed greater significant in obtaining optimal yields from different crops, which has been possible by way of mechanization. The factors that justify the strengthening of farm mechanization in the country can be numerous. The timeliness of operations has assumed greater significant in obtaining optimal yields from different crops, which has been possible by way of mechanization (Singh, 2002). The secondary data related to Chhattisgarh state is collected from the Commissioner, Land Records, Directorate of Animal Husbandry, a Statistical handbook of Chhattisgarh. Adopting standard techniques suggested by the research workers the data thus collected was processed. First of all the data for animal power utilization was arranged separately for different categories of respondents for each village. To identify the location of survey sites in the selected district of the zone, villages were grouped block – wise. The farmers were selected randomly. The frequency, percentage and mean were calculated for precise and meaning analysis and interpreting of the data collected. Data were analysed for the most part by using the tabular form as for its inherent quality in portraying the true picture of draught animal and farmer involvement in agriculture and allied activities in the state of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods Chhattisgarh state consists of three zones i.e. Chhattisgarh Plain, Bastar plateau, Northern hills zones. For this particular study, Bastar plateau zone was selected. For this particular study two districts were selected from zone i.e. Bastar and Kondagaon were selected. In Bastar plateau Bastar district has Bakavand and Baster block and Kondagaon district has Keshkal and Kondagaon were selected purposely for a case study and from Kondagaon district, Makadi, Anantpur and Kerwahi villages from Keshkal block. From Kondagaon block Masora, Palli, Badekanera villages. In Baster district, Bagmohalai, Bakel and Mathota and from Bakavand block Kolawali, Satosa and Chinndgaon. Results and Discussion Status of draught animals in bastar plateau District wise draught animal population is presented in Table No. 1. It was found that draught animals used in the zone comprise of Bullocks and he-buffaloes. Out of total draught animal population in Bastar plateau, Bastar district has a major share of 30.64 per cent and a minimum share of Bijapur district is 11.2 per cent. It shows the general information about the draught animal population in Bastar plateau. Ten farmers from each of the selected village will be considered to collect the required information. In all, a total 120 farmers were selected for the present study. To collect information leading to fulfilling the objectives of this study each farmer was interviewed separately on the pre- tested Proforma. 428 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 carried out using animal power, approximate duration of utilization for each operation and implement owned by them. Table No. 4 shows the average utilization of animal power for different operations in the selected villages of Bastar plateau agro-climatic zone. Badekanera village had the highest utilization of 271 h/ha and lowest utilization was in Baghmohala village 193 h/ha. The draught animals are used for ploughing, planking, threshing and carting operations mainly. Table 4 also reveals that the ploughing operation requires the highest number of hours among all the field operations followed by threshing and carting. Ploughing has a share ranging between 30-50 % of total usage of draught animals for different operations. Availability of draught animal power and farm implements in bastar plateau In Bastar plateau agro-climatic zone the draught animal power available is shown in Table No. 2. It shows that Kondagaon district has maximum power availability as 0.28 kW/ha and the minimum was found in Dantewada district as 0.15 kW/ha. The average draught animal power found in Bastar plateau was 0.208 kW/ha and Table No. 3 shows the availability of farm implements and bullock cart in different districts of Bastar plateau. It shows that Kanker district of Bastar plateau has maximum numbers of the wooden plough as 92666 and Narayanpur district has a minimum as 18031. Bastar district has maximum numbers of the iron plough as 1685 and Narayanpur have a minimum as 21, but in the case of a bullock carts, again Kanker district has maximum 12051 and Dantewada has minimum 57 number of a bullock carts. Month wise utilization of draught animal The average monthly utilization of draught animals in Bastar plateau has been shown in Table No. 5. The highest utilization of draught animals was in the month of June and July mainly due to ploughing and seed bed preparation. However, draught animals are also engaged in the months of November and December in carting of harvest materials, but these values are very low as compared to the other months in which the animals are used for farm operations. Average utilization of animal power in Chhattisgarh To collect information on the extent of animal power utilization in the state primary data was collected from the respondents by asking them questions on different farm operations Table.1 Draught animal population in Bastar plateau S.No Zone 1 District Bastar Bullock 118689 Kondagaon 114365 23095 137460 Narayanpur 22956 7537 30493 4 5 Dantewada Sukma 60582 60612 4568 8142 65150 68754 6 Bijapur 52853 5225 58081 2 3 Bastar plateau He- buffalo 40343 Total 159032 518970 Total 429 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 Table.2 Draught animal power in of Bastar plateau Agro- climatic zone Name of District Bastar Plateau Jagdalpur Availability of draught animal power, kW/ha 0.212 Kondagaon 0.28 Dantewada 0.15 Sukma 0.163 Narayanpur 0.24 Bijapur 0.207 Average draught animal power, kW/ha 0.208 Table.3 Availability of farm implements and bullock carts in Bastar plateau S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 District Wooden Plough 89110 81237 18031 92666 50984 49071 32551 Bastar Kondagaon Narayanpur Kanker Dantewada Sukma Bijapur Iron Plough 1685 696 21 747 59 741 46 Bullock Cart 10355 7810 907 12051 57 762 2969 Table.4 Average utilization of animal power in selected villages of Chhattisgarh Village District/ Block Area (ha) Bastar Plateau (Agro- climatic Zone) Kondagaon District Makadi 20 Keskal Anantpur 17.16 Kerwahi 18.33 Masora 16.04 Kondagaon Palli 23.2 Badekanera 11.45 Bastar District Baghmohalai 22.29 Bastar Bakel 15 Mathota 11.125 Kolawali 17.08 Bakavand Satosa 16.83 Chhindgaon 7.5 No. of Implement wise Utilization (hrs) Total Utilization Draught Plough Wooden Threshing Carting Utilization Pair (hrs) Pair Plank/ Kopar Use h/ha 14 11 14 10 12 10 1830 1575 1720 1510 2190 1040 980 870 850 820 1140 570 1084 978 1021 876 1234 873 1171 1024 987 920 1026 628 5065 4447 4578 4126 5590 3111 361 404 327 412 465 311 253 259 249 257 240 271 11 12 10 13 10 10 2110 1610 950 1520 1580 670 1070 770 520 820 800 550 1050 870 750 1030 990 630 80 120 0 72 160 0 4310 3370 2220 3442 3530 1850 391 280 222 264 353 185 193 224 199 201 209 246 430 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 Table.5 Month wise utilization of draught animals S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April Bastar Plateau 37 9444 7125 0 0 19 6347 4988 0 0 0 0 Table.6 Farm implements available in the selected villages S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Farm implements Tractor Desi plough M.B. plough Biasi plough Disc harrow Cultivator Wooden plank Koper Seed drill Rice transplanter Weeder Reaper/harvester Thresher Cage wheel others Bastar plateau 3 126 1 97 0 2 58 54 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 cage wheel. It showed that the selected villages depended on draught animal for farm operations. Bastar plateau contribute the largest area in the Chhattisgarh state. Two blocks namely Dongargarh and Chhuriya from Rajnandgaon district and Mahasamund and Pithora block were selected from Mahasamund district from Bastar plateau. Three villages from each block were selected for conduction of survey work. In this study, Availability of farm implements in the selected villages The farm implements were found in the selected villages which has shown in Table No. 6, in which 3 tractors found, desi plough 126, 1 mould board plough found in the selected villages, 97 biasi plough, no disc harrow found in the villages, 58 wooden planks, 54 kopar were found, 1 seed drill, 4 431 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 10 farmers from each of the village were interviewed personally for recording all necessary observation as per Proforma. It was observed that June and July months shows a rise in draught power utilization due to the time of tillage and intercultural operation for paddy crop, bullocks power utilization was confined for transportation in November. Engineering, Bhopal. Dave, A. K. Thakare, S. K., and Sahare, P.U., 2000, Report on Status and Strategies of Farm Mechanization in Rajasthan, Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313001. Haque, M.A., Umar, B. and Kawuyo, U.A., 2000. A preliminary survey on the use of animal power in agricultural operations in Adamawa state, Nigeria. Outlook on Agriculture, 29(2): 123-127 James Shaji, P. and Mohammad, C.P., 1988. Future of farm mechanization in Kerala. Technical paper (unpb.) Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur. Mrema, G.C. and Mrema, M.J., 1993. Draft animal technology and agricultural mechanization in Africa, its potential role, and constraints. NAMANewsletter, (2): 12-13. Ray, A.K., 1993. The present status of Agricultural mechanization and its constraints. Agric. Situ. India, 148(4) : 245-250. Saxena, R., 1995. Status and utilization of draught animal power in Gujrat. Working paper Institute of Rural management Anand, (93): 14. Shyam, M., Srivastava, N.S.L., and Ojha, T.P., 1987. Comparative energistics of animate and inanimate power source for potato cultivation. Technical bulletin No. CIAE/87/51, CIAE, Bhopal : 253259. Singh, G. 2002. Spatial distribution and use of draught animal power in India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 72:689-694. Singh, Surendra, Singh, R.S and Singh S.P., 2010. Farm power availability and agricultural production scenario in India. Agricultural Engineering Today, 34(1): 9-20. The utilization in the month of December is mainly for threshing operation just after the harvest of paddy. The Bullocks are mostly unutilized in the month of February March and April due to mono-crop nature of the area. The month wise bullock power utilization for a different category, it was observed that June and July are the peak period. The highest utilization of bullocks power use/ha was noted in village Maharajpur of Bastar plateau and it was 316 h/ha. Average farm power availability in the selected villages was found as 0.172 kW/ha as compared to the average i.e. 1.098 kW/ha. Based on the opinion of the respondents, rice transplanting and harvesting operations and winnowing/threshing involved a heavy level of drudgery followed by a medium to medium–heavy level of drudgeries in FYM application, preparatory work during seed-bed, intercultural operations. The rest of the operations involved a light and medium level of drudgery. Most of the respondents used traditional farm tools/equipment for various farm operations. References Anonymous, 1987, “Utilization and Economics of Draught Animal Power”, Proceedings of the National Seminar on Status of Animal Energy Utilization, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural 432 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 427-433 How to cite this article: Amit Namdeo, V. M. Victor and Navneet Kumar Dhruwe. 2020. Status of Farm Mechanization under Animal Farming in Bastar Plateau Agro-climatic Zone of Chhattisgarh. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(05): 427-433. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.047 433