Nội dung

Designation: C 150 – 05 Standard Specification for Portland Cement1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers eight types of portland cement, as follows (see Note 2): 1.1.1 Type I—For use when the special properties specified for any other type are not required. 1.1.2 Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type I, where air-entrainment is desired. 1.1.3 Type II—For general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance or moderate heat of hydration is desired. 1.1.4 Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II, where air-entrainment is desired. 1.1.5 Type III—For use when high early strength is desired. 1.1.6 Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the same use as Type III, where air-entrainment is desired. 1.1.7 Type IV—For use when a low heat of hydration is desired. 1.1.8 Type V—For use when high sulfate resistance is desired. C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens) C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement C 115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar C 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method) C 452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of PortlandCement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate C 465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements C 563 Test Method for Optimum SO3 in Hydraulic Cement Using 24-h Compressive Strength C 1038 Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications NOTE 1—Some cements are designated with a combined type classification, such as Type I/II, indicating that the cement meets the requirements of the indicated types and is being offered as suitable for use when either type is desired. 1.2 When both SI and inch-pound units are present, the SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units are approximations listed for information only. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.10 on Hydraulic Cements for General Concrete Construction. Current edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 150 – 04ae1. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology C 219. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 1 C 150 – 05 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 Portland cement of each of the eight types shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective standard chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1. In addition, optional chemical requirements are shown in Table 2. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following: 4.1.1 This specification number and date, 4.1.2 Type or types allowable. If no type is specified, Type I shall be supplied, 4.1.3 Any optional chemical requirements from Table 2, if desired, and 4.1.4 Any optional physical requirements from Table 4, if desired. 7. Physical Properties 7.1 Portland cement of each of the eight types shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective standard physical requirements prescribed in Table 3. In addition, optional physical requirements are shown in Table 4. NOTE 2—Cement conforming to the requirements for all types are not carried in stock in some areas. In advance of specifying the use of cement other than Type I, determine whether the proposed type of cement is, or can be made, available. 8. Sampling 8.1 When the purchaser desires that the cement be sampled and tested to verify compliance with this specification, perform sampling and testing in accordance with Practice C 183. 8.2 Practice C 183 is not designed for manufacturing quality control and is not required for manufacturer’s certification. 5. Additions 5.1 The cement covered by this specification shall contain no addition except as follows: 5.1.1 Water or calcium sulfate, or both, if added, shall be in amounts such that the limits shown in Table 1 for sulfur trioxide and loss-on-ignition are not exceeded. 5.1.2 Processing additions used in the manufacture of the cement shall have been shown to meet the requirements of Specification C 465 in the amounts used or greater. 5.1.3 Up to 5.0 % limestone by mass is permitted in amounts such that the chemical and physical requirements of this standard are met (See Note 3). The limestone shall be naturally occurring, consisting of at least 70 % by mass of one or more of the mineral forms of calcium carbonate. 9. Test Methods 9.1 Determine the applicable properties enumerated in this specification in accordance with the following test methods: 9.1.1 Air Content of Mortar—Test Method C 185. 9.1.2 Chemical Analysis—Test Methods C 114. 9.1.3 Strength—Test Method C 109/C 109M. 9.1.4 False Set—Test Method C 451. 9.1.5 Fineness by Air Permeability—Test Method C 204. 9.1.6 Fineness by Turbidimeter—Test Method C 115. 9.1.7 Heat of Hydration—Test Method C 186. 9.1.8 Autoclave Expansion—Test Method C 151. 9.1.9 Time of Setting by Gillmore Needles—Test Method C 266. 9.1.10 Time of Setting by Vicat Needles—Test Method C 191. 9.1.11 Sulfate Resistance—Test Method C 452 (sulfate expansion). NOTE 3—The standard permits up to 5 % by mass of the final cement product to be naturally occurring, finely ground limestone, but does not require that limestone be added to the cement. Cement without ground limestone can be specified in the contract or order. 5.1.4 Air-entraining portland cement shall contain an interground addition conforming to the requirements of Specification C 226. TABLE 1 Standard Composition Requirements Cement TypeA Applicable Test Method I and IA Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), max, % Ferric oxide (Fe2O3), max, % Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, % Sulfur trioxide (SO3),D max, % When (C3A)E is 8 % or less When (C3A)E is more than 8 % Loss on ignition, max, % Insoluble residue, max, % Tricalcium silicate (C3S)E, max, % Dicalcium silicate (C2S)E, min, % Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)E, max, % Tetracalcium aluminoferrite plus twice the tricalcium aluminate (C4AF + 2(C3A)), or solid solution (C4AF + C2F), as applicable, max, % C 114 C 114 C 114 C 114 ... ... 6.0 A II and IIA III and IIIA IV V 6.0 6.0B,C 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... 6.5 6.0 ... ... 6.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 3.0 0.75 ... ... 15 2.5 0.75 35B 40B 7B ... ... C 114 C 114 See Annex A1 See Annex A1 See Annex A1 3.0 3.5 3.0 0.75 ... ... ... 3.0 0.75 ... ... 8 See Annex A1 ... ... F 2.3 2.3 F F 3.0 0.75 ... ... 5C 25C See Note 2. Does not apply when the heat of hydration limit in Table 4 is specified. Does not apply when the sulfate resistance limit in Table 4 is specified. D There are cases where optimum SO3(using Test Method C 563) for a particular cement is close to or in excess of the limit in this specification. In such cases where properties of a cement can be improved by exceeding the SO3 limits stated in this table, it is permissible to exceed the values in the table, provided it has been demonstrated by Test Method C 1038 that the cement with the increased SO3 will not develop expansion in water exceeding 0.020 % at 14 days. When the manufacturer supplies cement under this provision, he shall, upon request, supply supporting data to the purchaser. E See Annex A1 for calculation. F Not applicable. B C 2 C 150 – 05 TABLE 2 Optional Composition RequirementsA Cement Type B Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) , max, % Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)B, max, % Sum of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate (C3S + C3A), max, % Equivalent alkalies (Na2O + 0.658K2O), max, % Applicable Test Method I and IA II and IIA III and IIIA IV V See Annex A1 See Annex A1 See Annex A1 C 114 ... ... 8 ... ... for moderate sulfate resistance ... ... 5 ... ... for high sulfate resistance ... 58C ... ... ... for moderate heat of hydration 0.60D 0.60D 0.60D 0.60D 0.60D Remarks low-alkali cement A These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested. Verify availability before ordering. See Note 2 in Section 4. B See Annex A1 for calculation. C The optional limit for heat of hydration in Table 4 shall not be requested when this optional limit is requested. D Specify this limit when the cement is to be used in concrete with aggregates that are potentially reactive and no other provisions have been made to protect the concrete from deleteriously reactive aggregates. Refer to Specification C 33 for information on potential reactivity of aggregates. TABLE 3 Standard Physical Requirements Cement TypeA Air content of mortar,B volume %: max min Fineness,C specific surface, m2/kg (alternative methods): Turbidimeter test, min Air permeability test, min Autoclave expansion, max, % Strength, not less than the values shown for the ages indicated as follows:D Compressive strength, MPa (psi): Applicable Test Method I IA III IIIA IV V C 115 C 204 C 151 12 ... 22 16 12 ... 22 16 12 ... 22 16 12 ... 12 ... 160 280 0.80 160 280 0.80 160 280 0.80 160 280 0.80 ... ... 0.80 ... ... 0.80 160 280 0.80 160 280 0.80 ... ... ... ... 12.0 (1740) 24.0 (3480) 10.0 (1450) 19.0 (2760) ... ... C 109/ C 109M 3 days 12.0 (1740) 10.0 (1450) 7 days 19.0 (2760) 16.0 (2320) 28 days Time of setting; Vicat test: Time of setting, min, not less than Time of setting, min, not more than IIA C 185 1 day F II ... ... 45 375 45 375 10.0 (1450) 7.0E (1020)E 17.0 (2470) 12.0E (1740)E ... 8.0 (1160) 6.0E (870)E 14.0 (2030) 9.0E (1310)E ... 45 375 45 375 ... 8.0 (1160) ... ... 7.0 (1020) 15.0 (2180) ... ... 17.0 (2470) 21.0 (3050) 45 375 45 375 45 375 45 375 C 191 A See Note 2. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained in concrete. C The testing laboratory shall select the fineness method to be used. However, when the sample fails to meet the requirements of the air-permeability test, the turbidimeter test shall be used, and the requirements in this table for the turbidimetric method shall govern. D The strength at any specified test age shall be not less than that attained at any previous specified test age. E When the optional heat of hydration or the chemical limit on the sum of the tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate is specified. F The time of setting is that described as initial setting time in Test Method C 191. B 9.1.12 Calcium Sulfate (expansion of) Mortar—Test Method C 1038. 9.1.13 Optimum SO3—Test Method C 563. more than 3 months after completion of tests and reject the cement if it fails to conform to any of the requirements of this specification. Cement so rejected shall be the responsibility of the owner of record at the time of resampling for retest. 11.3 Packages shall identify the mass contained as net weight. At the option of the purchaser, packages more than 2 % below the mass marked thereon shall be rejected and if the average mass of packages in any shipment, as shown by determining the mass of 50 packages selected at random, is less than that marked on the packages, the entire shipment shall be rejected. 10. Inspection 10.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract. 11. Rejection 11.1 The cement shall be rejected if it fails to meet any of the requirements of this specification. 11.2 At the option of the purchaser, retest, before using, cement remaining in bulk storage for more than 6 months or cement in bags in local storage in the custody of a vendor for 12. Manufacturer’s Statement 12.1 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall state in writing the nature, amount, and identity of any 3 C 150 – 05 TABLE 4 Optional Physical RequirementsA Cement Type False set, final penetration, min, % Heat of hydration: 7 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) 28 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g) Strength, not less than the values shown: Compressive strength, MPa (psi) Applicable Test Method C 451 C 186 50 IA II 50 ... ... ... ... 28.0 (4060) 22.0 (3190) ... ... 60 600 60 600 IIA III 50 IIIA 50 IV 50 V 50 50 50 290 (70)B ... 290 (70)B ... ... ... ... ... 250 (60)C 290 (70)C ... ... 28.0 (4060) 22.0B (3190)B ...E 22.0 (3190) 18.0B (2610)B ...E ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 600 60 600 C 109/ C 109M 28 days Sulfate resistance,D 14 days, max, % expansion Gillmore test: Initial set, min, not less than Final set, min, not more than I C 452 C 266 60 600 60 600 0.040 60 600 60 600 A These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested. Verify availability before ordering. See Note 2 in Section 4. The optional limit for the sum of the tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate in Table 2 shall not be requested when this optional limit is requested. These strength requirements apply when either heat of hydration or the sum of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate requirements are requested. C When the heat of hydration limit is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3S, C2S, C3A, SiO2, and Fe2O3 listed in Table 1. D When the sulfate resistance is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3A, C4AF + 2 C3A, SiO2, and Fe2O3 listed in Table 1. E Cement meeting the high sulfate resistance limit for Type V is deemed to meet the moderate sulfate resistance requirement of Type II. B air-entraining addition and of any processing addition used, and also, if requested, shall supply test data showing compliance of such air-entraining addition with Specification C 226 and of such processing addition with Specification C 465. 12.2 When limestone is used, the manufacturer shall state in writing the amount thereof and, if requested by the purchaser, shall supply comparative test data on chemical and physical properties of the cement with and without the limestone (See Note 4). The comparative tests do not supersede the normal testing to confirm that the cement meets chemical and physical requirements of this standard. The amount of limestone in cement shall be determined in accordance with Annex A2. NOTE 5—With the change to SI units, it is desirable to establish a standard SI package for portland cements. To that end 42 kg (92.6 lb) provides a convenient, even-numbered mass reasonably similar to the traditional 94-lb (42.6-kg) package. NOTE 4—Comparative test data may be from qualification tests performed by the manufacturer during formulation of the cement with limestone. 15. Manufacturer’s Certification 14. Storage 14.1 The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight building that will protect the cement from dampness and minimize warehouse set. 15.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s report shall be furnished at the time of shipment stating the results of tests made on samples of the material taken during production or transfer and certifying that the cement conforms to applicable requirements of this specification. 13. Packaging and Package Marking 13.1 When the cement is delivered in packages, the words “Portland Cement,” the type of cement, the name and brand of the manufacturer, and the mass of the cement contained therein shall be plainly marked on each package. When the cement is an air-entraining type, the words “air-entraining” shall be plainly marked on each package. Similar information shall be provided in the shipping documents accompanying the shipment of packaged or bulk cement. All packages shall be in good condition at the time of inspection. NOTE 6—Guidance on preparing the manufacturer’s report is provided in Appendix X1. 16. Keywords 16.1 hydraulic cement; portland cement; specification 4 C 150 – 05 ANNEXES (Mandatory Information) A1. CALCULATION OF POTENTIAL CEMENT PHASE COMPOSITION A1.1 All values calculated as described in this annex shall be rounded according to Practice E 29. When evaluating conformance to a specification, round values to the same number of places as the corresponding table entry before making comparisons. The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed phases does not necessarily mean that the oxides are actually or entirely present as such phases. Dicalcium silicate ~C2S! 5 ~2.867 3 % SiO2! 2 ~0.7544 3 % C3S! (A1.2) Tricalcium aluminate ~C3A! 5 ~2.650 3 % Al2O3! 2 ~1.692 3 % Fe2O3! (A1.3) Tetracalcium aluminoferrite ~C4AF! 5 3.043 3 % Fe2O3 (A1.4) Unless limestone is used in the cement, the carbon dioxide content shall be considered to be equal to zero when calculating potential tricalcium silicate. In the absence of information on the limestone content of the cement sample, results shall note that no correction has been made for possible use of limestone. A1.3.1 When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution (expressed as ss(C4AF + C2F)) is formed. No tricalcium aluminate will be present in cements of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as in Eq A1.2. Contents of this solid solution and of tricalcium silicate shall be calculated by the following formulas: A1.2 When expressing phases, C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3. For example, C3A = 3CaO·Al2O3. Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide (TiO2 and P2O5) shall not be included with the Al2O3 content. See Note A1.1. NOTE A1.1—When comparing oxide analyses and calculated phases from different sources or from different historic times, be aware that they may not have been reported on exactly the same basis. Chemical data obtained by Reference and Alternate Test Methods of Test Methods C 114 (wet chemistry) may include titania and phosphorus as alumina unless proper correction has been made (see Test Methods C 114), while data obtained by rapid instrumental methods usually do not. This can result in small differences in the calculated phases. Such differences are usually within the precision of the analytical methods, even when the methods are properly qualified under the requirements of Test Methods C 114. ss ~C4AF 1 C2F! 5 ~2.100 3 % Al2O3! 1 ~1.702 3 % Fe2O3! (A1.5) A1.3 When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows: Tricalcium silicate ~C3S! 5 ~4.071 3 % CaO! 2 ~7.600 3 % SiO2! 2 ~4.479 3 % Al2O3! 2 ~2.859 3 % Fe2O3! 2 ~2.852 3 % SO3! 2 ~5.188 3 % CO2! (A1.6) Unless limestone is used in the cement, the carbon dioxide content shall be considered to be equal to zero when calculating potential tricalcium silicate. In the absence of information on the limestone content of the cement sample, results shall note that no correction has been made for possible use of limestone. Tricalcium silicate ~C3S! 5 ~4.071 3 % CaO! 2 ~7.600 3 % SiO2! 2 ~6.718 3 % Al2O3! 2 ~1.430 3 % Fe2O3! 2 ~2.852 3 % SO3! 2 ~5.188 3 % CO2! (A1.1) A2. LIMESTONE CONTENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT A2.1 When limestone is used, the limestone content in portland cement shall be derived from the determination of CO2 in the finished cement. Analysis of CO2 shall be based on methods described in Test Methods C 114. The percent limestone in the cement is calculated from the CO2 analysis based on the CO2 content of the limestone used. The manufacturer shall include the CO2 content and calculated limestone content of the cement on the Mill Test Report. The limestone content of the cement is calculated as follows: NOTE A2.1—For example: Where the determined CO2 content in the finished cement = 1.5 % and the CO2 content of the limestone = 43 % (CaCO3 in limestone = 98 %) Then: 1.5 43 3 100 5 3.5 % limestone content in cement A2.2 This specification requires that the limestone to be used must contain a minimum of 70 % CaCO3. The manufacturer shall include the CaCO3 content of the limestone on the manufacturer’s report. Calculate the CaCO3 content of the limestone as follows: % CaCO3 = 2.274 3 % CO2. % CO2 in the cement % CO2 in the limestone 3 100 5 % limestone in cement 5 C 150 – 05 example, due to carbonation. This baseline CO2 content is included as part of any calculated limestone content. NOTE A2.2—For verification of limestone content of cement, the purchaser must analyze for CO2 content and make a correction for the content of CaCO3 in the limestone in order for the data to be comparable to the manufacturer’s report. A2.3 Portland cements that do not contain limestone can contain baseline levels of CO2 inherent in manufacture, for APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATION (MILL TEST REPORT) X1.4 The sample Mill Test Report has been developed to reflect the chemical and physical requirements of this specification and recommends reporting all analyses and tests normally performed on cements meeting Specification C 150. Purchaser reporting requirements should govern if different from normal reporting by the manufacturer or from those recommended here. X1.1 To provide uniformity for reporting the results of tests performed on cements under this specification, as required by Section 15 of Specification C 150 entitled “Manufacturer’s Certification,” an example Mill Test Report is shown in Fig. X1.1. X1.2 The identity information given should unambiguously identify the cement production represented by the Mill Test Report and may vary depending upon the manufacturer’s designation and purchaser’s requirements. X1.5 Cements may be shipped prior to later-age test data being available. In such cases, the test value may be left blank. Alternatively, the manufacturer can generally provide estimates based on historical production data. The report should indicate if such estimates are provided. X1.3 The Manufacturer’s Certification statement may vary depending upon the manufacturer’s procurement order, or legal requirements, but should certify that the cement shipped is represented by the certificate and that the cement conforms to applicable requirements of the specification at the time it was tested (or retested) or shipped. X1.6 In reporting limits from the tables in Specification C 150 on the Mill Test Report, only those limits specifically applicable should be listed. In some cases, Specification C 150 table limits are superceded by other provisions. 6 C 150 – 05 ABC Portland Cement Company Qualitytown, N.J. Cement Type II Plant Example Date March 9, 1998 Production Period March 2, 1998 – March 8, 1998 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS ASTM C 150 Tables 1 and 3 CHEMICAL PHYSICAL Item SiO2(%) Al2O3(%) Fe2O3(%) CaO (%) MgO (%) SO3(%) Ignition loss (%) Na2O (%) K2O (%) Insoluble residue (%) CO2 (%) Limestone (%) CaCO3 in limestone (%) Potential (%) C3S C2S C3A C4AF C4AF + 2(C3A) Spec. Limit Test Result A 5.0 max 20.6 4.4 3.3 62.9 2.2 2.7 2.7 0.19 0.50 0.27 1.5 3.5 70 min 98 A 50 21 6 10 22 6.0 max 6.0 max A 6.0 max 3.0 max 3.0 max A A 0.75 max A A 8 max A A Item Air content of mortar (volume %) Blaine fineness (m2/kg) Autoclave expansion (%) Compressive strength (MPa) 1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days Time of setting (minutes) (Vicat) Initial Not less than Not more than Spec. Limit Test Result 12 max 280 min 0.80 max min: 8 377 0.04 A 7.0 12.0 23.4 29.8 A 45 375 124 A Not applicable. OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ASTM C 150 Tables 2 and 4 CHEMICAL Item C3S + C3A (%) Equivalent alkalies (%) PHYSICAL Spec. Limit Test Result 58 max 56 0.52 B Item Spec. Limit Test Result False set (%) Heat of hydration (kJ/kg) 50 min 82 7 days Compressive strength (MPa) 28 days B 300 28.0 min 39.7 B Limit not specified by purchaser. Test result provided for information only. We certify that the above described cement, at the time of shipment, meets the chemical and physical requirements of the ASTM C 150 – XX or (other) _______________ specification. Signature: ________________________________________ Title: _________________________________ FIG. X1.1 Example Mill Test Report 7 C 150 – 05 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). 8