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7950_C000.fm Page i Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM SPORTS NUTRITION Energy Metabolism and Exercise 7950_C000.fm Page ii Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM 7950_C000.fm Page iii Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM SPORTS NUTRITION Energy Metabolism and Exercise EDITED BY IRA WOLINSKY JUDY A. DRISKELL Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 7950_C000.fm Page iv Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-7950-5 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sports nutrition : energy metabolism and exercise / editors, Ira Wolinsky and Judy A. Driskell. p. ; cm. “A CRC title.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8493-7950-5 (alk. paper) 1. Energy metabolism. 2. Exercise. I. Wolinsky, Ira. II. Driskell, Judy A. (Judy Anne) [DNLM: 1. Energy Metabolism--physiology. 2. Nutrition Physiology. 3. Sports Medicine. QU 125 S764 2008] QP176.S69 2008 612.3’9--dc22 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 2007017738 7950_C000.fm Page v Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM Dedication We appreciate the opportunity to have worked with the chapter authors, experts all, on this book and on our other books in the area of sports nutrition. We learned from them and dedicate this book to them. 7950_C000.fm Page vi Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM 7950_C000.fm Page vii Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports Nutrition: Energy Metabolism ........................1 Barry Braun and Benjamin F. Miller SECTION 1 Energy-Yielding Nutrients Chapter 2 Utilization of Carbohydrates in Energy Production..........................25 J. Andrew Doyle, Charilaos Papadopoulos, and Michael S. Green Chapter 3 Utilization of Fats in Energy Production ..........................................47 Serge P. von Duvillard, Jena Hamra, G. William Lyerly, Jonathan A. Moore, and J. Larry Durstine Chapter 4 Utilization of Proteins in Energy Metabolism ..................................63 Mauro G. Di Pasquale SECTION 2 Estimation of Energy Requirements Chapter 5 Laboratory Methods for Determining Energy Expenditure of Athletes ........................................................................................127 Robert G. McMurray and Kristin S. Ondrak Chapter 6 Field Assessment of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure among Athletes............................................................159 Kelley K. Pettee, Catrine Tudor-Locke, and Barbara E. Ainsworth SECTION 3 Physiological Aspects of Energy Metabolism Chapter 7 Influence of Dietary Fiber on Body Weight Regulation .................193 Daniel D. Gallaher 7950_C000.fm Page viii Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM Chapter 8 Nutritional Implications of Sex and Age Differences in Energy Metabolism......................................................................209 A.C. Maher and Mark A. Tarnopolsky Chapter 9 Body Weight Regulation and Energy Needs ...................................241 Melinda M. Manore and Janice L. Thompson Index ......................................................................................................................261 7950_C000.fm Page ix Friday, July 27, 2007 2:07 PM Preface Over recent years, in a close and fruitful collaboration, we have put together a number of books in the area of sports nutrition. During this period we have seen a burgeoning of interest in the area, namely: increased research, new journals, new courses at universities, new professional groups and, of course, new publications such as this one. In this book on energy metabolism and exercise we provide the reader in-depth exploration of important topics that will be of interest to health and nutrition professionals of all walks, as well as the well informed and motivated layman. What is clear from this book and others we have edited is that there must be a range of diets and exercise regimens that will support excellent physical condition and performance. There is not a single diet–exercise treatment that can be the common denominator, and no single formula for health or performance panacea. Companions to this book are other volumes we edited: Sports Nutrition: Vitamins and Trace Elements, second edition; Nutritional Ergogenic Aids; Nutritional Assessment of Athletes; Nutritional Applications in Exercise and Sport; Energy-Yielding Macronutrients and Energy Metabolism in Sports Nutrition; Macroelements, Water, and Electrolytes in Sports Nutrition. Additionally useful will be the third edition of Nutrition in Exercise and Sport, edited by Ira Wolinsky, and Sports Nutrition, authored by Judy Driskell. Enjoy. Ira Wolinsky, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus University of Houston Judy A. Driskell, Ph.D., R.D. Professor University of Nebraska