Nội dung

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 2135-2138 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.255 Soil Fertility Assessment under Different Polyhouses in Cold Arid Ladakh Region Phuntsog Tundup*, Rigzin Sangdup Safal, D. Namgail, Sonam Spaldon, Anwar Hussain, Deldan Namgail and Yogesh Kumar SKUAST, Leh-Ladakh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Precision farming, Soil properties, Nutrient, Correlation Article Info Accepted: 20 January 2018 Available Online: 10 February 2018 Twenty eight (28) soil samples from different polyhouses were collected from precision farming development Centre (PFDC) Leh, situated in the cold arid Ladakh region and were analyzed for different soil properties and its fertility status. It is apparent from the study that the majority of soils are rich in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and low in available zinc. Among soil properties, organic carbon content had a positive correlation on the availability of nutrients. This information can be useful in developing management practices for the soils of different poly houses at the Centre. Introduction Soil fertility evaluation of an area or region is an important aspect in context of sustainable agricultural production, particularly for arid region where, sparse and highly variable precipitation, extreme variation in diurnal temperature, high evaporation and low humidity, the alluvial and aeolian landforms have given rise to the variability in soils. Besides, acute moisture deficit, wind erosion is most serious limiting factor limiting biological productivity. The region had extreme fallowing in past years. But because of increase in population and in particular for off-season production of vegetables, lots of area is being brought under poly house cultivation; even rocky barren lands are also cultivated. In present era of technological advancement in agriculture, it is of immense interest to study the soil fertility status of these poly houses. Therefore, a comprehensive study was undertaken to know the fertility status of soils occurring in the poly houses in order to maintain optimum level of nutrients and an attempt was also made to correlate these macro and micronutrients content with other soil properties. 2135 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 2135-2138 Organic carbon content varied from 0.252.19% with a mean value of 1.22 %. Materials and Methods Description of the study area The study was conducted in Precision Farming Development Centre, SKUAST-K, Leh, located in the south-eastern part of Ladakh and lies between 31044’57’’ to 32059’57” N latitude and 76046’29’’ to 80041’34’’ E longitude. The study area has an average annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, while the main daily temperatures range from -30°C to +35°C. Soil analysis Twenty eight (28) soil samples (two each from polyhouses) were randomly collected at 0 to 20 cm depth using khurpi to avoid any contamination of the soils. The samples were air dried, ground, and passed through 2mm sieve before analysis. Soil reaction of the soil samples was determined in 1: 2.5 soil: water suspension (w/v) with the help of glass electrode pH meter (Jackson, 1973). Electrical conductivity was estimated in 1: 2.5 soil: water suspension with EC meter as given by Chopra and Kanwar (1991).Organic carbon was analyzed with the help of rapid titration method as proposed by Walkley and Black (1934). The available macro and micronutrients were determined in Mini soil testing kit developed by Indian institute of soil science, Bhopal. Results and Discussion Data on soil properties showed that the soils are marginally to strongly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.84-8.65). The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 395-2730 µS cm-1, the highest value (2730µS cm-1) and lowest value (395 µS cm-1) of soil was found in Shade Net and LEHO type of poly house, respectively. The content of available N in soils varied from 118.75 to 481.8 kg ha-1 with an average value of 338.79 kg ha-1 (Table 1). Data on available N in soil samples indicated that four polyhouses have deficient in available N content, considering <280kg ha-1 as critical limit for N deficiency (Muhr et al., 1965). The maximum (481.8 kg ha-1) and minimum available N (118.75 kg ha-1) in soils was found in Mud wall II and Chinese greenhouse II, respectively. The availability of N increased significantly with an increase in organic carbon (0.986**) (Table 2). The positive relationship between available N and organic carbon is due to the presence of soil nitrogen in the organic forms (Verma et al., 1980). Similar results were also reported by Meena et al., (2006). Available P2O5 in the soils samples varied from 42.00 to 212.70 kg ha-1 (Table 1). Considering 20 kgha-1as critical limit for P2O5 deficient (Muhr et al., 1995), all the samples from the different polyhouses were sufficient in phosphorus. The available P in these soil samples was significantly and positively correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.899**). Availability of phosphorus increased with increase in organic carbon due to (i) formation of phosphorus humic complexes which are easily assimilated by plants. (ii) anion replacement of phosphorus by humation and (iii) the coating of sesquioxide by particles of humus form a protective cover and thus reduced the phosphorus fixing capacity of the soils (Gharu and Tarafdar, 2004). Available K2O content in soil samples varied from 135.40 to 503.00 kg ha-1. None of the samples come under the deficient category of K with 125kg ha-1, as critical limit (Muhr et al., 1965). 2136 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 2135-2138 Table.1 Soil characteristics of different Polyhouses in Leh district Location Chinese Greenhouse 1 Chinese Greenhouse 2 Wooden Greenhouse Skuast 1 LEHO LEHO Commercial Walk-in-Tunnel 1 Walk-in-Tunnel 2 Walk-in-Tunnel Large Shade Net Mud Wall 1 Mud Wall 2 Local Greenhouse Local Green House II Overall Chemical Properties pH EC OC (1:2) (µS (%) cm-1) 8.08 1073 1.19 Macronutrients N P2O5 K2O (kg ha-1) (kg ha-1) (kg ha-1) 345.1 203.7 218 231 2.12 5.93 8.45 1783 0.25 118.75 42 181.8 238 0.55 3.02 8.52 401 1.50 405 193 135.4 279 traces 7.16 7.84 8.42 8.39 8.35 8.17 8.53 575 395 417 748 1293 640 1.91 0.76 1.33 0.31 1.25 0.59 467.95 266 365.75 147.25 362.5 221.25 200.2 153.7 193 35.75 185 109 205.1 277.3 203.8 280.37 424.4 336.6 163 50 129 213 209 267 traces 1.85 traces 1.29 0.37 traces 9.07 7.05 7.95 3.8 7.72 5.48 8.34 8.65 7.93 8.02 8.06 2730 491 1120 580 987 1.75 1.63 2.19 1.25 1.23 437.5 423.8 481.8 343.75 356.7 212.7 187.6 235 202.8 186.7 503 441.1 334.1 361.1 371.5 282 156 204 90 176 0.74 1.66 1.66 traces 0.18 9.52 8.17 8.96 9.29 9.74 8.27 945 1.22 338.79 167.15 305.25 192 0.74 7.35 Zn Fe S (mg kg-1 ) Micronutrients Zn Fe (mg kg-1 ) (mg kg-1 ) Table.2 Correlations matrix Correlations Matrix pH pH EC OC N P K S 1 -.071 -.447 -.412 -.444 -.047 .191 .055 -.460 -.021 .899** .936** 1 .401 .439 .470 .531 1 .531 -.014 -.048 -.168 -.047 1 .066 .005 -.022 .007 .001 -.134 1 .004 .829** .864** .878** .632* -.302 -.195 1 1 .055 .002 EC 1 .986** OC 1 N P K S Zn Fe **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 2137 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 2135-2138 The S content in soil sample varied from 50 to 282mg kg-1 with mean value 192mg kg-1. Considering 10 mg kg-1 as critical limit for S deficiency (Tandon, 1992), none of the sample was deficient in S. Similar results were also reported by Jat and Yadav (2006), Sarkar et al,(2007) and Kaur and Jalali (2008). The content of Zn in soil samples of the polyhouses varied from traces to 2.12mg kg-1 with mean value of 0.74 mg kg-1. Considering 0.6 mg kg-1 as critical limit for Zn deficiency (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978), 57 percent of the sample was deficient in Zn. Available Fe content in soil samples varied from 3.02 to 9.74 mg kg-1 with an average value of 7.35 mg kg-1. Only 14 percent of the sample was deficient in available Fe with 4.5 mg kg-1 as critical limit (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978). The available Fe increased significantly with increase in organic carbon (r = 0.829**). The study concludes that soils of different poly houses at Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC), SKUAST-K, in the cold arid region were rich inorganic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and Sulphur, Whereas majority of the soils were deficient in available Zn content. The present investigation gives information regarding the fertility status of soils of polyhouses, which shall help in the formulation of integrated nutrient management schedule for the better productivity of vegetables. References Chopra, S.L. and Kanwar, J.S. 1991. Analytical agricultural chemistry. Kalyani Publishers. New Delhi-Ludhiana, INDIA. Gharu, Amita and Tarafdar, J.C. 2004. Influence of organic acids on mobilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus in soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 24: 248-253. Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Jat, J.R. and Yadav, B.L. 2006. Different forms of S and their relationship with properties of Entisols of Jaipur district (Rajasthan) under Mustard cultivation. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 54: 208-212. Kaur, J. and Jalali, V.K. 2008. Forms of sulphur and their relationship in soil of different Agro-climatic zone of Jambu region. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 56: 309-312. Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society America Journal 42, 421-428. Meena, H.B., Sharma, P.R. and Rawat, U.S. 2006. Status of macronutirent in some soils of Tonk district of Rajasthan. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 54: 205-512. Muhr, G.R., Datta, N.P., Shanjkara, S.H., Laley, V.K. and Danahue. R.L. 1965. Soil testing in India, USDA publication, pp 120. Sarkar, M., Ghosh, S.K., Mukhopadhyay, P. and Pal, S.K., 2007. Distribution of sulphur and its relationship with soil properties in some soil series (Alfisols) of West Bengal. Agropedology17: 113-117. Tandon. H.L.S. 1992. Fertilizer Guide Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi. Verma, L.P., Tripathi, B.R. and Sharma, D.P. 1980. Organics as an index to assess the nitrogen status of soils. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 28:138-140. Walkley, A. and Black, C.A. 1934. An examination method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modifications of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29-38. How to cite this article: Phuntsog Tundup, Rigzin Sangdup Safal, D. Namgail, Sonam Spaldon, Anwar Hussain, Deldan Namgail and Yogesh Kumar. 2018. Soil Fertility Assessment under Different Polyhouses in Cold Arid Ladakh Region. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(02): 2135-2138. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.255 2138