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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.103 Response of Lime, B and Zn on Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) var. Palam Samridhi Ranjita Tudu1, P. Tripathy1, G. S. Sahu1, S. K. Dash2, R. K. Nayak3, Meera Rojalin1, Priyanka Sahu1*, Barsha Tripathy1 and Niharika Jyotirekha Nayak1 1 Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 2 (Vegetable Agronomist), AICRP on Vegetable Crops Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 3 AICRP on Micronutrients, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Llime, B and Zn, Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Article Info Accepted: 10 August 2020 Available Online: 10 September 2020 The present field investigation was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during rabi season of 201718 to study the effect of lime, boron and zinc on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). The experiment was conducted with seven levels of micronutrient as soil application of borax @1kg ha-1 , ZnSO4 @ 5kg ha-1 and their combinations as well as foliar spray of 0.2% borax, 0.5% ZnSO 4 and their combinations along with control as sub plot and two level of lime (with and without lime) as main plot, in split plot design replicated thrice. The results revealed that combined foliar application of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4, irrespective of lime application recorded significantly maximum plant height (46.27 cm), leaves plant-1 (24.62), stem girth (16.85 cm), plant spread (62.20 cm), leaf area (557.50 cm2), weight and diameter of central head (313.67g,17.37cm), secondary head (88.83g, 5.33cm), total head weight (402.50g) with total head yield (136.80 qha -1) in broccoli var. Palam Samridhi. Similarly, lime application, irrespective of micronutrient significantly influence both vegetative growth, viz; plant height (42.09 cm), leaves plant -1 (23.46), stem girth (16.30 cm), plant spread (58.65 cm) and leaf area (486.62 cm 2) as well as yield and yield attributing parameters, viz; weight and diameter of central head (305.52g,17.18cm), secondary head (84.36g, 5.34cm) and total head weight (389.88g) with maximum total head yield (134.73 qha-1) in broccoli var. “Palam Samridhi”. Hence, it may be concluded combined application of borax @ 0.2% with ZnSO 4 @ 0.5% along with lime as soil application not only increases the growth but also yield in broccoli. “flowering crest of cabbage”, and the diminutive form of brocco, means “small nail” or “sprout”. It is cultivated as an under exploited vegetable in India. Broccoli has 14 times more beta-carotene than cultivated cabbage (Sharma, 2000). As it rich in vitamin C, thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular Introduction Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is one of the most nutritious edible green plants of Brassicaceae family, whose large flowering head is edible. The word broccoli comes from the Italian plural broccolo, means the 817 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 disease (Du et al., 2012). The American Society of Cancer recommended broccoli as anti-cancer food, due to presence of higher concentration of compound, Sulphoraphane. Successful production of broccoli includes many factors of which application of micronutrients such as B and Zn is most important. Even though micronutrients are required in small quantities, are very much essential for good crop growth and achieving profitable yield. Soil pH does play a vital role in nutrient availability to plants. Low or acidic pH in soil restricted assimilation of many important nutrients. Application of lime in acidic soil helps to adjust the pH, which facilitates the optimum availability of nutrients. So application of micronutrient without concurrent use of lime may not be adequate to improve growth and productivity of micronutrient sensitive crops (Das et al., 2017). Foliar application of micronutrient is beneficial during active growth phase of crop (Kolota and Osinska, 2001). Both B and Zn are two most important micro-nutrients essential for cell division, nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism as well as water relation in plant growth (Brady, 1990). Application of B significantly helps in increasing the vegetative growth and head yield in broccoli (Yang et al., 2000). Similarly, Zn helps in many enzymatic activities in plant, chlorophyll synthesis and carbohydrate formation accelerates the plant growth (Tisdale et al., 1985). Keeping in view, the present study was undertaken to find out the efficacy of lime, boron and zinc on growth and yield of broccoli var. “Palam Samridhi”. replications. Main plot consisted of two lime treatments- without lime (LO), with lime (L1) and seven levels of micronutrients in subplots, viz; soil application of borax @ 1kg ha-1 (M1), foliar application of borax @ 0.2% (M2), soil application of ZnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 (M3), foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (M4), combined soil application of borax @ 1kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 5kg ha-1 (M5), combined foliar spry of borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (M6), control (without borax and ZnSO4) (M7). A uniform dose of FYM @ 25 tha-1 and 150:100:50 NPK kg ha-1 was applied. Three sprayings were done at 20, 35 and 50 days after transplanting according to the treatment schedule. During the crop growth period regular and normal intercultural operations and insect pest and disease control measures were carried out as per requirement to maintain crop health. Observations were recorded from five randomly selected plants on vegetative growth, head yield and yield attributing parameters and more, subjected to statistical analysis by adopting standard procedures (Panse and Sukhatme, 1985). Results and Discussion Vegetative growth parameters Significant variations for all the vegetative growth parameters were observed due to application of lime and micronutrient (B and Zn) which is presented in table 1. Significantly highest plant height (42.09 cm), leaves plant-1 (23.46), stem girth (16.30 cm), plant spread (58.65 cm) and leaf area (486.62 cm2) was recorded in plots treated with lime than the plots without lime (38.92 cm, 21.17, 15.43 cm, 54.22 cm and 458.67 cm2, respectively). This might be due to application of lime in acid soil helps in adjusting the soil pH which in turns optimize the availability of many nutrients, affect positively the plant growth and development. Materials and Methods The study was carried out at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during rabi season of 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in spilt-plot design with three 818 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 Table.1 Effect of Lime, B and Zn on vegetative growth parameters in Broccoli var. Palam Samridhi Plant height (cm) Treatment Number of leaves plant-1 Lime Stem girth (cm) Lime Plant spread (cm) Lime L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean M1 36.47 38.37 37.42 19.33 22.23 20.78 M2 41.67 46.21 43.94 21.57 22.37 M3 35.77 39.17 37.47 20.57 M4 41.63 47.23 44.43 M5 38.93 41.87 M6 45.17 M7 Mean L0 Leaf area (cm2) Lime L1 Lime Mean L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean 15.43 15.77 15.60 53.47 55.07 54.27 404.33 412.67 408.50 21.97 15.57 16.00 15.78 55.17 59.43 57.30 421.67 432.67 427.17 24.10 22.33 14.20 15.83 15.02 52.47 54.27 53.37 412.67 438.33 425.50 22.03 25.47 23.75 15.80 16.33 16.07 55.67 63.10 59.38 530.00 551.67 540.83 40.40 21.67 22.27 21.97 15.97 17.13 16.55 55.30 58.10 56.70 510.00 584.00 547.00 47.37 46.27 23.77 25.47 24.62 16.13 17.57 16.85 59.27 65.13 62.20 542.00 573.00 557.50 32.83 34.40 33.62 19.27 22.33 20.80 14.93 15.47 15.20 48.20 55.47 51.83 390.00 414.00 402.00 38.92 42.09 40.51 21.17 23.46 22.32 15.43 16.30 15.87 54.22 58.65 56.44 458.67 486.62 472.64 SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) Lime 0.32 1.96 3.64 0.34 2.05 6.91 0.14 0.83 3.95 0.27 1.65 2.20 4.49 27.31 4.35 Micronutrients 0.97 2.84 5.88 0.38 1.12 4.20 0.27 0.80 4.24 1.08 3.15 4.68 12.40 36.19 6.43 Interaction 1.38 NS 0.54 NS 0.39 NS 1.53 NS 17.54 NS Lo: Without lime; L1: With lime M1: Soil application of boron@1kg ha-1: M2: Foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% M3: Soil application of zinc @5kg ha-1; M4: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M5: Combined soil application of @1kg ha-1 + zinc @5kg ha-1; M6: Combined foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M7: Control (Without lime, boron and zinc) 819 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 Table.2 Response of lime, boron and zinc on head weight parameters in Broccoli var. Palam Samridhi Average weight of central head (g) Treatment Average weight of secondary head (g) Lime Average head weight plant-1 Lime Central head to secondary head ratio Lime Lime L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean M1 301.00 305.00 303.00 70.17 81.67 75.92 371.17 386.67 378.92 4.29 3.75 4.02 M2 305.00 309.33 307.17 76.00 80.00 78.00 381.00 389.33 385.17 4.02 3.90 3.96 M3 236.50 261.33 248.92 71.67 83.33 77.50 308.17 344.67 326.42 3.31 3.14 3.23 M4 276.17 322.67 299.42 77.33 88.33 82.83 353.50 411.00 382.25 3.58 3.66 3.62 M5 268.00 318.00 293.00 78.00 87.00 82.50 346.00 405.00 375.50 3.45 3.65 3.55 M6 285.33 342.00 313.67 85.67 92.00 88.83 371.00 434.00 402.50 3.33 3.74 3.54 M7 215.00 280.33 247.67 71.67 78.17 74.92 286.67 358.50 322.58 3.00 3.59 3.30 Mean 269.57 305.52 287.55 75.79 84.36 80.07 345.36 389.88 367.62 3.57 3.64 3.60 SE(m)+ CD(5%) CV(%) SE (m)+ CD(5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV(%) Lime 2.59 15.78 2.59 1.36 8.25 1.36 2.06 12.52 2.57 0.08 NS 10.33 Micronutrients 7.33 21.39 7.33 2.00 5.83 2.00 7.41 21.62 4.93 0.14 0.40 9.24 Interaction 10.36 NS 10.36 2.82 NS 2.82 10.47 NS 0.19 NS Lo: Without lime; L1: With lime M1: Soil application of boron@1kg ha-1: M2: Foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% M3: Soil application of zinc @5kg ha-1; M4: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M5: Combined soil application of @1kg ha-1 + zinc @5kg ha-1; M6: Combined foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M7: Control (Without lime, boron and zinc) 820 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 Table.3 Response of lime, boron and zinc on head yield attributing parameters in Broccoli var. Palam Samridhi Diameter of central head (cm) Treatment Diameter of secondary head(cm) Lime Days to central curd maturity Lime Days taken for last harvesting of secondary head Lime Lime L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean L0 L1 Mean M1 13.97 16.17 15.07 4.86 5.22 5.04 67.40 63.40 65.40 78.73 75.90 77.32 M2 14.67 17.50 16.08 4.88 5.30 5.09 67.70 67.00 67.35 79.53 79.50 79.52 M3 15.30 17.77 16.53 5.00 5.12 5.06 65.00 64.93 64.97 77.50 77.43 77.47 M4 16.30 18.73 17.52 4.73 5.50 5.12 64.53 64.37 64.45 76.77 75.27 76.02 M5 16.00 16.97 16.48 5.22 5.27 5.24 65.63 65.40 65.52 78.13 75.87 77.00 M6 16.93 17.80 17.37 4.48 6.17 5.33 65.33 64.13 64.73 76.77 74.97 75.87 M7 12.73 15.33 14.03 4.65 4.83 4.74 74.20 69.87 72.03 84.83 83.03 83.93 Mean 15.13 17.18 16.15 4.83 5.34 5.09 67.11 65.59 66.35 78.90 77.42 78.16 SE(m)+ CD(5%) CV(%) SE (m)+ CD(5%) CV(%) SE (m)+ CD (5%) CV (%) SE(m) + CD (5%) CV (%) Lime 0.16 1.00 4.67 0.04 0.25 3.72 0.14 0.86 0.98 0.13 0.78 0.76 Micronutrients 0.31 0.92 4.76 0.22 NS 10.69 0.84 2.45 3.10 1.14 3.32 3.56 Interaction 0.44 NS 0.31 NS 1.19 NS 1.61 NS Lo: Without lime; L1: With lime M1: Soil application of boron@1kg ha-1: M2: Foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% M3: Soil application of zinc @5kg ha-1; M4: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M5: Combined soil application of @1kg ha-1 + zinc @5kg ha-1; M6: Combined foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M7: Control (Without lime, boron and zinc) 821 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 Table.4 Response of lime, boron and zinc on head yield (kg plot-1) in Broccoli var. Palam Samridhi Treatment M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 Mean Lime Micronutrients Interaction Marketable yield (qha-1) Lime L0 L1 Mean 107.78 116.44 112.11 109.33 126.22 117.78 113.11 129.56 121.33 127.11 124.44 125.78 109.78 132.44 121.11 121.33 135.11 128.22 104.44 114.22 109.33 113.27 125.49 119.38 SE CD CV (m)+ (5%) (%) 1.06 6.46 4.07 2.28 6.66 4.68 3.23 9.58 Unmarketable yield (q ha-1) Lime L0 L1 Mean 11.79 9.56 10.67 11.42 9.29 10.36 10.62 10.54 10.58 10.31 8.81 9.56 9.29 8.04 8.67 9.20 7.96 8.58 12.89 10.49 11.69 10.79 9.24 10.01 SE CD CV (m)+ (5%) (%) 0.24 1.46 10.98 0.50 1.45 12.15 0.70 NS Total yield (q ha-1) Lime L0 119.57 120.76 123.73 137.43 119.07 130.53 117.33 124.06 SE (m)+ 1.03 2.31 3.27 L1 126.00 135.51 140.10 133.25 140.49 143.07 124.71 134.73 CD (5%) 6.29 6.74 9.70 Mean 122.78 128.13 131.92 135.34 129.78 136.80 121.02 129.40 CV (%) 3.66 4.37 Lo: Without lime; L1: With lime M1: Soil application of boron@1kg ha-1: M2: Foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% M3: Soil application of zinc @5kg ha-1; M4: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% M5: Combined soil application of @1kg ha-1 + zinc @5kg ha-1; M6: Combined foliar spray of borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO 4 @ 0.5% M7: Control (Without lime, boron and zinc) This result is in conformity with Adams (1984). Similarly, significant highest plant height (44.43 - 46.27 cm), leaves plant-1 (23.75 - 24.62), stem girth (16.07 - 16.85 cm), plant spread (59.38 - 62.20 cm) and leaf area (540.83 - 557.50 cm2) was recorded by combined foliar spray of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4 closely followed by foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 than rest of the treatments. This might be due to enhancement of cell multiplication and cell elongation due to boron. These results are in agreement with those of Mishra and Singh (1986), Patel (2002) and Sitapara et al., (2011). Similar report of increased plant height with boron and zinc in broccoli was reported by Ain et al., (2016). Abd El-All (2014) also reported a positive effect of foliar zinc spaying in broccoli. Yield and yield attributing parameters The data presented in table 2 and 3 revealed that there was significant effect on application of lime and different levels of micronutrient on head yield attributing parameters of broccoli. Significantly maximum average weight of central head (305.52 g), secondary head (84.36 g), total head weight plant-1 (389.88 g), head ratio of central head to secondary head (3.64), diameter of central head (17.18 cm), diameter of secondary head (5.34 cm) was recorded with application of lime while that of minimum (269.57g, 75.79g, 345.36g, 3.57, 15.13g, 4.83g) without lime application, irrespective of micronutrient applications. This might be due to enhancement of soil pH by application of lime, improve the phosphorus availability to 822 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 broccoli plant. Also provide calcium for better growth and development (Rahman et al., 2002 and Das et al., 2017). Combined foliar spray of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4 resulted in production of heaviest central head (313.67g), secondary head (88.83g) and average head weight plant-1 (402.50g) than the rest of the treatments. Maximum diameter of central head (17.37 cm) and secondary head (5.33 cm) was observed with combined foliar application of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4, closely followed by foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 (17.52 cm and 5.12 cm), soil application of ZnSO4 @ 5kgha-1 (16.53 cm and 5.06 cm) . The better efficacy of combined application of boron and zinc or sole application of zinc in broccoli might be due to better availability of soil nutrients, facilitates good vegetative growth, which reflected head diameter (Sanjay et al., 2002; Narayanama et al., 2007; Saha et al., 2010 and Singh et al., 2017). On the other hand, combined foliar spray of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4 significantly reduced the days to central head maturity and days taken to last harvest of secondary head (64.73 days and 75.87 days), than control (72.03 and 83.93 days). Lime application significantly increased the yield of broccoli in terms of marketable yield (125.49 ha-1), total head yield (134.73 qha-1) with reduced unmarketable head yield (9.24 qha-1) as compared to control, without lime (113.27, 124.06 and 10.79 qha-1), irrespective of micronutrients. Similar positive effect of lime in cauliflower was observed by Kotur (1993) and justified that addition of calcium in the soil increased the availability of micronutrient in general; boron in particular eventually promotes the growth and yield (Table 4). combined foliar application of 0.2% borax with 0.5% ZnSO4 produced significantly highest total marketable and total head yield than rest of the micronutrients. Application of boron and zinc might be attributed to their role enhancing the translocation of carbohydrates from the site of their synthesis to the storage tissue in cauliflower (Kant et al., 2013). These results are in conformity with those obtained by Mishra and Singh (1986) and Sitapara et al., (2011). From the present study it may be concluded that application of lime is essential in acid soils. Application of micronutrients (B and Zn) not only increases the vegetative growth but also the head yield and attributing parameters in broccoli. Invariably, foliar application of micronutrients recorded significantly better growth and yield than corresponding soil application in broccoli var. “Palam Samridhi”. References Abd El-All HM. 2014. Improving growth, yield, quality and sulphoraphan content as anticancer of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italic L.) plants by some fertilization treatment. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 3(1): 13-19. Ain Q, Ayab G, ilyas M, Ahmad M, Begum F, Luqman, Saeed A, Khan MI and Shah K. 2016. Response of broccoli to foliar application of zinc and boron concentrations. Pure Applied Biology, 5(4):841-846. Brady NC. 1990. The nature & properties of soils, Pp-621. The Maclillan Publ. Co. New York. Das S, Das A, Ramakrushna GI, Layek J and Choudhury S. 2017. Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogea) – toria (Brassica rapa subsp. dichatoma) Irrespective of lime application, significantly higher marketable head yield of 112.11 to 128.22 qha-1 and total head yield of 122.78 to 136.80 qha-1 were recorded as compared to control (109.33 and 121.02 qha-1). Further, 823 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 817-824 cropping system as influenced by direct and residual effect of micronutrient and liming. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 62(1):100-103. Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. 2012. Ascrbic acid; chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. Biochim Byophy Acta, 1826:443-457. Kant K, Singh K P, Singh V K and Ranjan A. 2013. Effect of boron, zinc and their combinations on the yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) hybrid cultivar-Himani. 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Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Pp.754.The Macmillan publication co. New York. Yang RQ, Chen XY and Liu ZC.2000. Effects of boron and molybdenum nutrition on curd yield and active oxygen metabolism in broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar. italica). Acta Horticulture Sinica, 27 (2):112-116. Ranjita Tudu, P.Tripathy, G. S. Sahu, S. K. Dash, R. K. Nayak, Meera Rojalin, Priyanka Sahu, Barsha Tripathy and Niharika Jyotirekha Nayak. 2020. Response of Lime, B and Zn on Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) var. Palam Samridhi. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(09): 817-824. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.103 824