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R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Interactive Version This setup guide assumes you have some sort of 'standard setup' to begin with. One should come with your kit. You can also find standard setups on manufacturers' websites, or here. It also assumes your car is in perfect working order. (Bearings spinning freely, nothing dragging the ground, no binding in the suspension,...) Tires Tires are always the first element in setting up a car. If you've got the right tires, you're 90% there. Springs Stiffer springs make the car feel more responsive, more direct. Stiffer They also help the car jump a little better and higher. Stiff springs are suited for high-traction tracks, which aren't too bumpy. Softer Softer springs are better for (mildly) bumpy tracks. They can also make the car feel as if it has a little more traction in low-grip conditions. The car has less front traction, and less steering. It's harder to get the car to turn, the turn radius is bigger and the car has a lot less steering exiting corners. Stiffer Front The car will jump better, and maybe a little further. On very high-grip tracks, it's usually beneficial to stiffen the front, even more than the rear. It just makes the car easier to drive, and faster. The car has more steering, especially in the middle part and the exit of the corner. Softer Front Front springs that are too soft can make the car hook and spin, and they can also make it react sluggishly. The car has more steering, in the middle and exit of the turn. This is especially apparent in Stiffer Rear long, high-speed corners. But rear traction is reduced. Softer Rear The car has generally more rear traction, in turns as well as through bumps and while accellerating. Damping http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (1 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Thicker oil (heavier damping) makes the car more stable, and makes it handle more smoothly. Heavier It also makes the car jump and land better. If damping is too heavy, traction could be lost in bumpy sections. Soft damping (and springing) is better for shallow, ripply bumps. It also makes the car react quicker. Softer Damping should always be adapted to the spring ratio; the suspension should never feel too 'springy' or too slow. Heavier Front The turn radius is wider, but smoother. The car doesn't 'hook' suddenly. The car is easier to drive, and high-speed steering feels very nice. Softer Front The steering reacts quicker. More and better low-speed steering. Heavier Rear Steering feels quick and responsive, while the rear stays relatively stable. Softer Rear Feels very easy to drive, the car can be 'thrown' into turns. More rear traction while accellerating. If one end of the car has slightly heavier damping than the other, then that end will feel as if it has the most consistent traction and the most stable when turning in and exiting corners. A car with slightly heavier rear damping, or slightly lighter front damping will feel very stable turning into corners on bumps or whoops sections. It won't feel 'touchy' at all. Caster More More caster aids stability, and handling in bumpy sections. Less Less caster increases steering drastically. Steering feels much more direct, the car turns tighter and faster. Ride Height Higher The car feels better in bumps, and jumps better. It can feel tippy, or even flip over in high-grip conditions. Lower The car feels more direct, and it can potentially corner a bit faster. It's also harder to flip the car over. http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (2 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Lowering one end of the car, or putting the other end higher up, gives a little more grip at the lowest end, but try to avoid big differences in ride height between the front and the rear. Wheelbase Shorter A short wheelbase makes the car feel very nimble, and good in tight turns. This is a good idea for very small and tight tracks, without big jumps or bumps. Longer The car becomes a lot more stable, adn better in wide, high-speed turns. This is good on wide-open tracks. Anti-Squat More anti-squat generally makes the rear of the car more sensitive to throttle input. The car has more steering while braking, and also a little more powering out of corners. On high-traction tracks, it may feel as if the car momentarily has more rear traction accellerating out of corners. More A car with more anti-squat can also jump a little higher and further, and it will soak up bumps a little better, off-power. A lot of anti-squat (4° or more) can make the car spin out in turns, and make the rear end break loose when accellerating. Less anti-squat gives more rear traction while accellerating on a slippery or dusty track. It also gives more side-bite. Less Less anti-squat will make the car accellerate better and faster through bumpy sections. Very little anti-squat (0° or 1°) makes the rear end feel very stable. It also makes power sliding a lot easier. Note that anti-squat only works when you're accellerating or braking, it does absolutely nothing when you're coasting through turns. The harder you brake or accellerate, the bigger the effect of anti-squat is. Shock Pistons The assumption is made that if pistons are changed, the viscosity of the oil is also adapted, to give the same static feel. (Same low-speed damping) http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (3 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Smaller holes mean more 'pack'. Pack means the damping gets very stiff, or almost locks up, over sharp bumps, ruts, or landing off jumps. Smaller Holes Small holes are good for smooth tracks, with big jumps or crummy jumps with harsh landings. Bigger holes mean less pack. The point at which the damping gets stiff (where the shock 'packs up') occurs a lot later, at higher shock shaft speeds. Bigger Holes Big holes are very good for bumpy tracks. The car is more stable and has more traction in the bumpy sections. It won't be thrown up over sharp bumps, the suspension will soak them up a lot better. Smaller holes in front The car jumps very nicely, a little more nose-up. It feels easy to drive. Bigger holes in front Can give a subtle feel of more steering and more consistent front end grip if the track isn't perfectly smooth. Always use the same, or about the same shock pistons front and rear. Big differences in pistons make the car feel inconsistent, and not very smooth. Lower Shock Mounting Location Bear in mind that changing the lower shock mounting location changes the lever arm of the shocks on the wheels. So mounting the shocks more inward makes the suspension softer at the wheel, and mounting the shocks more towards the outside makes the suspension stiffer. Front more inward More low-speed steering. Usually makes the car very hard to drive. Front more outward Makes the car very stable, but it has a lot less low-speed steering. Rear more inward Makes the car soak up bumps a little better, and can make the car corner a bit faster. Can be good for bumpy, low-grip tracks, but general stability is greatly reduced. Rear more outward Feels very stable.The way to go for high-grip tracks. Upper Shock Mounting Location http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (4 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide More Inclined Has a more progressive, smoother feel. More lateral grip. More direct feel; Less Inclined Less lateral grip. (side-bite) (More Vertical) generally a bit better for jumps and harsh landings. Steering feels very smooth. A little more mid-corner steering. Front more inclined than rear Mounting the rear shocks very upright can result in the rear end sliding in the middle of the turn, especially in high-speed turns. Feels agressive turning in. Rear more inclined than front The car has a lot of side traction in the rear, and the turn radius isn't very tight. Roll Center / Camber links Long Link A long link gives a lot of body roll in turns. It feels as is the body is willing to keep on rolling, until in the end, the springs prevent it from rolling any further. The car has more grip in corners, especially the middle part. Short Link A short link makes that the body doesn't roll as far, its tendency to roll drops off as it rolls. This can stabilize a car in bumps and curved sections. It feels as is the car generates a little less grip. Parallel Link (Parallel to lower arm) Angled Link (Distance between arm and link is smaller on the inside) A parallel link gives a little more roll than an angled one. It feels very smooth, and consistent as the body rolls in turns. An angled link makes it feel as if the car has a tendency to center itself (level, no roll), other than through the springs or anti-roll bar. It gives a little more initial grip, steering into corners. It makes it very easy to 'throw' the car. The body rolls a little less than with parallel links. On bumpy tracks, it could be possible to use softer settings for damping and spring rate than with parallel links, without destabilising the car. Beware that you should always keep an eye on the balance of your car; large differences in roll center front vs. rear will make the car feel less consistent and less confidence-inspiring. http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (5 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Longer Front The front rolls and dives more in turns. Lots of steering in mid-corner. Could make the car hook. Shorter Front The front feels very stable. A little more turn-in, but less steering in mid-corner. Longer Rear More rear traction in turns, and coming out of them. Rear end slide is very progressive, not unpredictable at all. Make sure that there's enough rear camber though, or you could lose rear traction in turns. Shorter Rear The rear feels very stable. It breaks out later and more suddenly, but if it does, the slide is more controllable. It makes the front dive a little more, which results in more steering, especially when braking. More Angled Front Turn-in is very agressive. The front feels as if it wants to roll less than the rear. More Angled Rear The rear end is rock-solid while turning in. It feels very confident. Camber Camber is best set so the tires' contact patch is as big as possible at all times. So with a stiff suspension you'll need less camber than with a soft one. If the tires wear evenly across their contact patches, camber is about right. On really bumpy tracks, adding a little more negative camber (2 to 3 degrees) can help traction and reduce the chances of catching a rut and flipping over. Toe Front Toe-in Stabilizes the car in the straights, adn coming out of turns. It smoothes out the steering response, making the car very easy to drive; Increases turn-in steering a lot. Front Toe-out But can make the car wandery on the straights; Never use more than 2 degrees of front toe-out! Rear Toe-in Stabilizes the car greatly. It makes the rear end 'stick', but more toe-in makes the difference between sticking and breaking loose bigger. http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (6 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Rear Toe-out Rear toe-out is never used. It makes the rear of the car very, very unstable. Anti-Roll bar Anti-roll bars are best used on smooth, and high-traction tracks only. If you must use one on a bumpy track, try to use a very thin one. Adding an anti-roll bar, or stiffening it, reduces traction at that end of the car. So it feels like the opposite end has more grip. If the track is smooth enough, it also makes the grip level feel more consistent. Anti-roll bars reduce body roll in turns, so they make the car feel more direct, and make it change direction quicker. An anti-roll bar at the front of the car reduces low-speed steering. The turning radius will be larger, but very consistent. Stiffer Front It reduces 'hooking' by preventing front end roll. The car will have more rear traction in turns. Adding an anti-roll bar to the rear of the car gives more steering. the car steers tighter, also at low speeds. Stiffer Rear On a very smooth track, it can make powersliding easier. It can also make powering out of turns and lining up for jumps a little easier. Ackermann More (Bigger difference in steering angle between the two font wheels) More Ackermann makes the steering more consistent, and smoother. It just feels right, also at low speeds and in tight turns. Less Ackermann makes the steering more agressive at high speeds. (Smaller, or no difference in steering The car turns in more agressively. angle between the two font wheels) It doesn't work well when either traction or cornering speeds are low. Less Internal Travel Limiters / Droop / Downtravel http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (7 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide The car changes direction faster, and corners flatter. It feels generally more responsive. (less droop/downtravel) Adding a lot of travel limiters is only advisable on smooth tracks. More Less internal shock spacers give better handling on bumpy tracks, and more and more consistent traction on difficult tracks. (more droop/downtravel) The car also land better after jumps. Less The end with the least downtravel will feel the most stable, and the most direct. But try to keep a balance (front and rear end droop about the same), especially on low-grip tracks. Adding more internal travel limiters is a very effective way of reducing traction rolls, if not the most effective way. Wings Front Adding a front wing, or increasing front downforce increases steering at speed, which almost always makes the car feel very, very agressive and difficult to drive. Adding rear downforce by changing to a bigger wing, or mounting he wing higher or at more of Rear an angle increases rear traction at speed. This can be very useful on slick tracks with fast, sweeping corners. Pinion/Spur Smaller Gear Ratio (bigger number means smaller ratio) Bigger Gear Ratio (smaller number means bigger ratio) More punch and accelleration. More runtime. Lower top speed. Less punch, but more top speed. Less runtime. Smaller Pinion Gear Smaller gear ratio Bigger pinion Gear Bigger gear ratio Smaller Spur Gear Bigger gear ratio Bigger Spur Gear Smaller gear ratio Overall Ratio Overall Ratio = (Spur/Pinion)*Internal Gearbox Ratio Rollout (mm/rev) Rollout = (Pi*Tire Diameter)/Overall Ratio http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (8 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22] R/C Car Handling - Buggy Setup Guide Motors More Turns (e.g. 13x2 or 14x3) Less Turns (e.g. 9x2 or 8x3) More runtime. Less power, and smoother response. Easy to drive. Less runtime. More power. Harder to drive. Slightly more runtime. More Winds Feels very smooth, has a nice powerband. Very useful on slippery tracks. (e.g. 11x4 or 12x5) More top-end. Less Winds (e.g. 12x1 or 11x2) Slightly less runtime. Feels very punchy, but has less top-end. Less runtime. More Timing Advance More punch, and more top speed. (e.g. 6 to 8mm) More wear on the comm and brushes. Motor gets hotter. More runtime. Less Timing Advance Easy on the comm and the brushes. (e.g. 4 to 6mm) Less punch and top speed. More power at low revs. Stiffer Brush Springs Slightly lower top speed because of increased friction. Better for high currents and bumpy tracks. More power at hight revs, but less punchy. Softer Brush Springs Higher top speed. Good for low current draw. TIP: You get slightly more punch and a slightly more efficient motor if you use a slightly stiffer brush spring on the + side. The easiest way to do this is to hold one leg of the spring with pliers and gently bend the leg 5 to 10 degrees more. http://gallery.uunet.be/heremanss/bug/print.htm (9 of 9) [24/02/02 20:14:22]