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ISSN 1810-0775 Products and profit from poultr y FAO Diversification booklet 3 Second edition Diversification booklet number 3 Second edition Products and profit from poultr y Martin Hilmi, Frands Dolberg and Robyn Alders Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 2011 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107064-2 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to copyright@fao.org or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 ■■Poultry and livelihoods ■■Poultry as a business enterprise ■■Purpose of the booklet ■■Benefits of the livelihood activity ■■Poultry at household level ■■Benefits to the farming system ■■Health and nutrition ■■Food security ■■Gender development ■■Opportunities for the sick and disabled ■■Improved income ■■Poultry as a form of saving ■■Livestock farming: Poultry the first step ■■Social, cultural and religious importance of poultry ■■The feasibility of the livelihood activity ■■Starting the business ■■Market research ■■Considerations for poultry production in the local area ■■Type of production system ■■Feed and water ■■Housing ■■Health care and veterinary assistance ■■Credit ■■Costs and profits ■■Evaluation of the livelihood activity vii ix 1 2 3 4 7 7 8 10 10 11 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 Table of contents ■■Preface ■■Acknowledgements ■■Introduction ■■The livelihood activity 21 ■■Poultry: Major types and breeds 21 ■■Essentials of poultry production: Housing, breeding and feeding 26 ■■Intensification in poultry production and improved management 39 ■■Sustainable strategies for the livelihood activity ■■Marketing channels ■■Poultry products ■■Quality and safety ■■Producer organization ■■Support services to promote poultry ■■Institutional role ■■Access to support services ■■Access to markets ■■Technical training ■■Business skills training ■■Veterinary services ■■Financial services ■■Market information ■■Organizational options ■■Supporting women poultry producers ■■Role of the advisor ■■Challenges ■■Poultry health ■■Access to veterinary services ■■Access to financial services ■■Sustainable support services for all ■■Local skilled trainers 41 41 42 46 48 51 51 51 52 52 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 59 59 59 59 59 59 Table of contents iv ■■Selected further reading ■■Sources of further information and support 60 60 60 60 60 61 63 71 Table of contents ■■Training materials dissemination ■■Infrastructure ■■Gender ■■Enterprise sustainability ■■Organizing producers ■■Public policy v Preface Each booklet focuses on a farm or non-farm enterprise that can be integrated into small farms to increase incomes and enhance livelihoods. The enterprises profiled in the FAO Diversification booklets are suitable for smallholder farmers in terms of resource requirements, additional costs, exposure to risk and complexity. The products or services generated by the enterprises are suitable for meeting demand on a growing, or already strong, local market and are not dependent on an export market. The main target audience for these booklets are people and organizations that provide advisory, business and technical support services to resourcepoor small-scale farmers and local communities in low- and middle-income countries. It is hoped that enough information is given to help these support service providers to consider new income-generating opportunities and how these might enable small-scale farmers to take action. What are the potential benefits? What are farmer requirements and constraints? What are critical ‘success factors’? The FAO Diversification booklets are also targeted to policy-makers and programme managers in government and non-governmental organizations. What actions might policy-makers take to create enabling environments for small-scale farmers to diversify into new income-generating activities? The FAO Diversification booklets are not intended to be technical ‘how to do it’ guidelines. Readers will need to seek more information or technical support, so as to provide farmer advisory and support activities relating to the introduction of new income-generating activities. To assist in this respect, each booklet identifies additional sources of information, technical support and website addresses. vii Products and profit from poultry The purpose of the FAO Diversification booklets is to raise awareness and provide decision support information about opportunities at farm and local community level to increase the incomes of small-scale farmers. A CD has been prepared with a full series of FAO Diversification booklets and FAO technical guides, together with complementary guides on market research, financing, business planning, etc. Copies of the CD are available on request from FAO. FAO Diversification booklets can also be downloaded from the FAO Internet site. If you find this booklet of value, we would like to hear from you. Tell your colleagues and friends about it. FAO would welcome suggestions about possible changes for enhancing our next edition or regarding relevant topics for other booklets. By sharing your views and ideas with us we can provide better services to you. viii