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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.404 Production Potential and Economics of Bt. Cotton based Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition D. S. Hirpara, V. D. Vora*, P. D. Vekaria, K. S. Jotangiya, H. R. Vadar, V. L. Modhavadiya and T. J. Patel Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Gujarat), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Bt. Cotton, Intercropping, Alternate land use system, MCEY Article Info Accepted: 24 October 2020 Available Online: 10 November 2020 A field experiment was conducted on medium black soil to study the production potential and economics of Bt. cotton based intercropping system under rain fed condition at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia, Gujarat during kharif- 2015-16 to 2018-19. The experiment comprising of eight treatments with four replications laid out in randomized block design. In pooled results, the treatment inter cropping of cotton + cowpea(T8) produced significantly higher MCEY (2815 kg/ha), which was statistically at par with treatment T 6 (cotton + sesame), T3 (cotton + green gram), T4 (cotton + black gram) and T 2 (cotton + groundnut).Among the intercrops, maximum main product yield (1074 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment T 5 (cotton + gum guar) followed by cotton + soybean (896 kg/ha) and cotton + groundnut (884 kg/ha), whereas T3 (cotton + green gram) produced minimum seed yield (388 kg/ha) with cotton. Among the intercrops, gum guar recorded maximum by product yield 2609 kg/ha followed by groundnut haulm yield 2534 kg/ha and minimum by product yield 608 kg/ha recorded by green gram as intercrop with cotton. Introduction Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is one of the most important fibre and cash crop in India belongs to Malvaceae family and known as “King of Fiber” and “White gold” plays a prominent role in the rural, national and international economy. It is grown mostly for fibre used in the manufacture of cloths for mankind. In recent years, cotton apparels are being preferred to the synthetic ones due to the increasing the health consciousness among the people. Besides fibre, cotton is also valued for its oil (15 - 20%) which are used as vegetable oil and soap industries and cotton seed cake is very protein rich used as cattle feed and as manure which contain 6.4, 2.9 and 2.2 per cent N, P and K, respectively. India is a major producer of cotton. India stands first position in area and third in its production. In India it is grown over an area of 122.38lakh hectares with production of 361.00 lakh bales and productivity of 501 kg/ha (Anon., 2018). Intensification of cotton based cropping system with intercrops was successful as a components in the system have different nutrient and moisture requirement, varied feeding zones in the soil profile, differential 3385 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 growth duration for enabling the utilization of natural resources optimally (Sankaranarayanan et al., 2012). Intercropping has been recognized as potentially beneficial and economic system of crop production. Similarly intercropping is one of the ways to increase the cropping intensity and resource utilization (Harisudan et al., 2008). Usually a yield advance occurs as component crop differ in their use of resources when they are grown in combination, they are able to component each other and make better use of resources. Due to slow growing nature of cotton much of the vacant interspaces remains utilized during initial stages of the crop growth. This situation offers ample scope for raising intercrops (Nehra et al., 1990). Intercropping provides the insurance against the inclement weather situation and consequent crops (Balasubramanian, 1987) observed increase in productivity with higher market value and enhanced profitability, when pulses were intercropped with cotton. Intercropping of legumes is an important aspect for biological farming system not only for weed control, but also in reducing the leaching of nutrients, pest control and in reducing soil erosion (Prabukumar and Uthayakumar, 2006). Keeping all these views in mind an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different intercrops on growth and yield attributes on Bt. cotton under rain fed condition. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted on medium black soil of dry farming research station, of Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Gujarat) during four consecutive kharif seasons of 2015-16to 2018-19. The year wise total rainfall received during the crop growth seasons 2015 to 2018 were 604.4, 425.1, 1328.5and 613.6 mm, with 26, 27, 38and 26 rainy days, respectively. The soil of the experimental field was medium black having good drainage and high moisture retentive capacity. Some important characteristics of the soil were pH8.30, EC 0.35dS/m, Organic carbon 0.41 %, available N, P, K and S were 230.3, 28.6, and 336kg/ha and 17.8ppm, respectivelyand micronutrient Fe, Mn and Zn were 10.19, 12.84and 0.66ppm, respectively. The experiment comprises eight treatments. T1- sole cotton crop, T2-cotton + Groundnut, T3-Cotton + Greengram, T4-Cotton + Blackgram, T5-Cotton + Gum guar, T6Cotton + Sesame, T7-Cotton + Soybean and T8-Cotton+ Cowpea. The cotton variety B-II Hybrid-8, and all other crops variety likewise Groundnut variety GG-5, Green gram variety GM-4, Black gram variety Guj. BG-1, Gum Guar variety Guj.Guar-1, Sesame variety Gujarat Til-2, Soybean variety JS-335 and Cow pea variety Gujarat Cow pea-4 were sown. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and individual plot size of 6.0m x 4.8m (gross) and 5.0m x 2.4m (net). Cotton seeds of cv.Bt. Cot. Hybrid-8was sown at 120 cm row to row and 30 cm plant to plant distance and all other intercrops were sown at 120 cm row to row and 10 cm (Groundnut, Green gram, Black gram, Gum Guar, Sesame, Soybean, Cowpea) plant to plant distance with bullock drawn seed drill. The crops were fertilized with irrespective of RDF NPK kg/ha. All other recommended agricultural practices were followed throughout crop period. Main product yield and by product yield were recorded at the time of crop harvest. Economics of all the treatments was worked out. The Seed cotton equivalent yield and B:C ratio were calculated by using following formula. 3386 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 Main product (Pod/ Seed/ Grain) yield Results and Discussion Seed cotton equivalent yield The data presented in table 1 revealed that Seed cotton equivalent yield was significantly affected due to different treatments in all the years of experimentation and in pooled results also. The Seed cotton equivalent yield i.e. Main Crop (seed cotton) Equivalent Yield (MCEY) was worked out considering year wise current selling rate of main produce in marketing yard. The results revealed that during year 2015-16 treatment T8 (Cotton + Cowpea) produced significantly the highest MCEY (3360 kg/ha), while during year 2016-17, treatment T3 (cotton + green gram) produced significantly higher MCEY (2064 kg/ha), which remained statistically at par with intercropping of sesame, black gram, cowpea and groundnut with cotton. During year 2017-18, treatment T6 (cotton + sesame) produced significantly higher MCEY (2967 kg/ha), which remained statistically at par with T8 (Cotton + Cowpea), similarly during 2018-19, treatment T6 (cotton + sesame) produced significantly higher MCEY (3348 kg/ha), which remained statistically at par with intercropping of cowpea, groundnut and black gram with cotton. In pooled results T8 (cotton + cowpea) produced significantly higher MCEY (2815 kg/ha), which was statistically at par with treatments T6 (cotton + sesame), T3 (cotton + green gram), T4 (cotton + black gram) and T2 (cotton + groundnut).These results are in agreement with the findings of Ramachandrappa et al., (2016) and Manoj et al., (2013). The data presented in table 2 revealed that among various treatments average maximum (2015-16 to 2018-19) seed cotton yield (2124 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment T3 (cotton + green gram) followed by sole cotton (2114 kg/ha), cotton + green gram (2060 kg/ha) and cotton+ cowpea (2047 kg/ha), whereas minimum seed cotton yield (1269kg/ha) was recorded in treatment T5 (cotton + gum guar). Among the intercrop, average maximum main product yield (1074 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment T5 (cotton + gum guar) followed by cotton + soybean (896 kg/ha) and cotton + groundnut (884 kg/ha), whereas T3 (cotton + green gram) crop produced minimum seed yield (388 kg/ha) with cotton as base crop. By product (Haulm/Fodder/Stalk) yield The results presented in table 3 revealed that in average of four years, cotton as base crop produced maximum by product yield (3997 kg/ha) under treatment T3 (cotton + green gram) followed by 3936 kg/ha as sole cotton (T1)and 3717 with black gram (T4) as inter crop while minimum by product yield 2909 kg/ha of cotton recorded under treatment T5 (cotton + gum guar). In case of different intercrops, maximum average by product yield 2609 kg/h are corded under gum guar followed by 2534 kg/ha under groundnut haulm the useful fodder of cattle and minimum average by product 608 kg/ha recorded under green gram sown as intercrop with cotton. Results clearly indicates that by product yield potentiality of cotton in sole as well as intercrop system showing exhaustiveness of cotton as base crop in dry farming region. 3387 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 Table.1 Effect of treatments on seed cotton equivalent yield (MCEY) T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8- Treatment Sole cotton Cotton + groundnut (1:1) Cotton + green gram (1:1) Cotton + black gram (1:1) Cotton + gum guar (1:1) Cotton + sesame (1:1) Cotton + soybean (1:1) Cotton + cowpea (1:1) S.Em.+ C.D. at 5% C.V.% S.Em.± C.D. at 5 % 2015 - 16 2437 2223 2738 2505 2082 2287 1917 3360 126 371 10.3 Y 89 262 2016 -17 1591 1880 2064 2001 1359 2049 1664 1928 122 358 13.4 YXT 143 403 2017 -18 1998 2539 2537 2409 2206 2967 2143 2656 143 419 11.7 2018 -19 2431 3141 2693 2939 2452 3448 2154 3317 176 517 12.5 Pooled 2114 2446 2508 2464 2025 2688 1970 2815 126 371 12 Table.2 Effect of various treatments on seed/pod/grain/seed cotton yields (kg/ha) Treatment T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 2015 - 2016 cotton 2437 1612 2322 2088 1589 1734 1480 2138 IC 645 291 271 586 375 549 968 2016 - 2017 2017 - 2018 2018 - 2019 Main Product yield(kg/ha) cotton IC cotton IC cotton IC 1591 1998 2431 1338 709 2053 608 1852 1572 1862 317 2041 520 2269 424 1862 163 2066 456 2222 872 791 1043 890 1778 1806 889 1411 585 2032 583 1736 818 1107 1020 1688 839 1458 1176 1575 431 1951 741 2523 723 Average cotton 2114 1714 2124 2060 1269 1728 1433 2047 IC 884 388 441 1074 590 896 716 Table.3 Effect of various treatments on fodder/stalk/haulm yields (kg/ha) Treatmen t T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 2015 - 2016 cotton 3689 2474 3451 3016 2431 2865 2452 2865 IC 1931 265 380 2517 1172 1128 321 2016 - 2017 cotton 3574 3278 3944 3685 2352 3185 3056 3222 2017 - 2018 2018 - 2019 By Product yield (kg/ha) IC cotton IC cotton 4204 4278 2870 4407 2574 3093 1361 4667 491 3926 333 4370 602 3796 3111 3278 2685 3574 1148 5000 1204 3259 1419 4296 2370 3111 1500 4222 519 4000 3388 IC 2759 315 1303 2122 1426 2278 500 Average cotton 3936 3313 3997 3717 2909 3577 3229 3577 IC 2534 608 654 2609 1237 1799 710 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 Table.4 Economics of different treatments Treatment MCEY T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 2114 2446 2508 2464 2025 2688 1970 2815 Byproduct yield Main crop Inter crop 3936 3313 3997 3717 2909 3577 3229 3577 Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) 33065 35953 34747 34903 34104 34009 35210 34760 2534 608 654 2609 1237 1799 710 Economics Economic response of sole cotton and cotton with intercrop was worked out on the basis of pooled result and presented in table 4. The data indicated that treatment T8 (cotton + cowpea in between two rows of cotton) gave maximum net return of Rs. 122564 with B:C ratio (4.53) followed by cotton + sesame (4.42), cotton + groundnut (4.14) and cotton + green gram (4.04).Pulses intercropped with cotton were also noticed by Maitraet al. (2001) to give higher returns. In conclusion under North Saurashtra Agro Climatic Zone (AES-VI) in cotton based intercrop system under rainfed condition growing cowpea in between two rows of cotton produce higher yield and net return followed by intercropping of sesame or groundnut or green gram in between two rows of cotton as next better optional crops. References Anonymous, (2018).The Cotton Corporation of India Ltd., http://www.cotcorp. gov.in/statistics.aspx accessed on 17 October 2019. Balasubramanian, T.N. (1987). Performance of arboreum and hirsutum cotton under intercropping (Blackgram) and Gross Return (Rs./ha) 118238 148857 140547 138033 115439 150247 111764 157324 Net return (Rs/ha) 85173 112904 105800 103130 81335 116238 76554 122564 B:C ratio 3.58 4.14 4.04 3.95 3.38 4.42 3.17 4.53 land management practices. Ph.D. thesis, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore, India. Harisudan, C., Senthivel, S., Arulmozhiselvan, K., Vaidyanathan, R., and Manivannan, V. (2008). International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 26(3-4): 311-313. Maitra, S.S.K., Samui., Roy, D.K., and Mondal, A.K. (2001). Effect of cotton based intercropping system under rainfed conditions in Sunderban region of West Bengal. Indian Agriculturist, 45: 157-62. Manoj, K., Shivran, A. C., Rekha, C., Meena, K. S., Verma, K. C., Jat, R. D and Balai, L.P. (2013). Production potential and economics of intercropping of castor with mungbean. Environment and Ecology. 31(2C) pp.1065-1068. Nehra, D.S. (1990). Journal of Cotton Research and Development.,4(1): 128129. Prabukumar, G. and Uthayakumar, B. (2006). Use of organics for crops for crop production under rainfed situation, Agriculture Rev, 27(3): 208-215. Ramachandrappa, B. K., Thimmegowda, M. N., Sathish, A., Dhanapal, G. N. and Ravi Kumar, H. S. (2016). Effect of intercropping in nipped castor (Ricinus 3389 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3385-3390 communis L.) under rainfed conditions. Indian Journal of Dryland Agriculture Research& Development, 31(1): 30-36. Sankaranarayanan, K., Nalayini, P., and Praharaj, C.S. (2012). Multi-tier cropping system to enhance resource utilization, profitability and sustainability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 82(12): 1044–50. How to cite this article: Hirpara, D. S., V. D. Vora, P. D. Vekaria, K. S. Jotangiya, H. R. Vadar, V. L. Modhavadiya and Patel, T. J. 2020. Production Potential and Economics of Bt. Cotton based Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(11): 3385-3390. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.404 3390