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PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY - A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISM, EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF A COMPLEX DISORDER Edited by Nizar Souayah Peripheral Neuropathy - A New Insight into the Mechanism, Evaluation and Management of a Complex Disorder http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56421 Edited by Nizar Souayah Contributors Yuko Kanbayashi, Toyoshi Hosokawa, Lauren E. Ta, Emily Ramirez, Anthony Windebank, Charles Loprinzi, Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud, Sabatino Maione, Enza Palazzo, Javier Lopez-Mendoza, Alexandro Aguilera Salgado, Chengyuan Li Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Pantar Technical Editor InTech DTP team Cover InTech Design team First published March, 2013 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Peripheral Neuropathy - A New Insight into the Mechanism, Evaluation and Management of a Complex Disorder, Edited by Nizar Souayah p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-1060-6 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface VII Section 1 Peripheral Neuropathy: From Bench to Bedside 1 Chapter 1 Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanism to Clinical Application 3 Emily A. Ramirez, Charles L. Loprinzi, Anthony Windebank and Lauren E. Ta Chapter 2 From Animal Models to Clinical Practicality: Lessons Learned from Current Translational Progress of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy 29 Chengyuan Li, Anne E. Bunner and John J. Pippin Chapter 3 New Insights on Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms as a Source for Novel Therapeutical Strategies 77 Sabatino Maione, Enza Palazzo, Francesca Guida, Livio Luongo, Dario Siniscalco, Ida Marabese, Francesco Rossi and Vito de Novellis Section 2 Evaluation and Management of Peripheral Neuropathy 101 Chapter 4 Compression Neuropathies 103 Javier López Mendoza and Alexandro Aguilera Salgado Chapter 5 Postural Balance and Peripheral Neuropathy 125 Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud Chapter 6 Predictive Factors for Postherpetic Neuralgia and Recent Pharmacotherapies 147 Yuko Kanbayashi and Toyoshi Hosokawa Preface Understanding the rapid changes in the evaluation and management of peripheral neuropa‐ thies, as well as the complexity of their mechanism, is a mandatory requirement for the practitioner to optimize patient’s care. The objective of this book is to update health care professionals on recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy. This work was written by a group of clinicians and scientists with large exper‐ tise in the field. In the first chapter of section one, Dr Emily A Ramirez and collaborators reviewed the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and identified the anatomical pathways and the molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain. They reviewed the interaction between the central and peripheral nervous system in chronic pain as well as its clinical assessment and treatment. In the second chapter of section one, Dr Chengyuan Li and collaborators re‐ viewed the pharmacological management of diabetic neuropathy. This was based on trans‐ lational research from animal models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In the third chapter of section one, Dr Sabatino Maione and collaborators reviewed the complex mechanisms of painful neuropathy involving the central and peripheral nervous system. Based on these mechanisms, they evaluated the use of cannabinoids and stem cells for the treatment of pe‐ ripheral neuropathy. Dr Mendoza and Dr Salgado reviewed the diagnosis and management of compressive neuropathies in the first chapter of section two. In the second chapter of this section, Dr Jáuregui-Renaud provided a comprehensive review on the role of Postural bal‐ ance in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. In the last chapter of section two, Dr Kan‐ bayashi and Dr Hosokawa reviewed the most recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of postherpetic neuralgia. I dedicate this work to the memory of my father, for his enduring love and guidance throughout my career, he continued to serve as a source of inspiration. I extend my grati‐ tude to my mother for her love and affection. I am continuously indebted to my wife Sonia for her love, unconditional support and encouragement, without her help and sacrifice, this work would not have been possible. I am also grateful to my son Sami and my beautiful daughters Leila and Nora for their love and energy which continue to be a valuable source of inspiration. Dr Nizar Souayah Neuromuscular Medicine Program Director Director of Peripheral Neuropathy Center Department of Neurology and Neuroscience University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, USA Section 1 Peripheral Neuropathy: From Bench to Bedside