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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.020 Performance of Compact Cotton Genotypes under High Density Planting System in Irrigated Ecosystem Mohan Chavan*, Satyanarayana Rao, B. K. Desai and B. G. Koppalkar Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, UAS, Raichur-584104 (Karnataka State), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Cotton genotypes, Density planting system, Irrigated ecosystem Article Info Accepted: 05 January 2020 Available Online: 10 February 2020 A field experiment entitled “Performance of compact cotton genotypes under high density planting system in irrigated condition” was conducted at Agricultural College, Raichur during Kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18 on medium black soil, neutral in nature with low available nitrogen, medium phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three compact cotton genotypes viz., G1: SCS-1206, G2: DSC-99 and G3: Suraj as main plot treatments and three planting geometries viz., S1: 60 cm x 10 cm, S2: 75 cm x 10 cm and S3: 90 cm x 10 cm as sub plot treatments and it was compared with conventional system of cotton cultivation with Bt cotton hybrid ATM with recommended spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm. Among the different compact cotton genotypes, G1: SCS-1206 recorded highest seed cotton yield (2886 kg ha-1) followed by genotype G3: Suraj (2754 kg ha-1) which were significantly superior over genotype G2: DSC-99 (2486 kg-1). Among the different planting geometries, a closer row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2896 kg ha-1) over a medium row spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (2758 kg ha-1) and significantly lower seed cotton yield was recorded with a wider row spacing of S3: 90 cm x 10 cm (2472 kg ha-1). Among the different combinations, the genotype G1: SCS-1206 grown at S1: 60 cm x 10 cm spacing recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (3096 kg ha-1) and it was found at par with the combination of same genotype G1: SCS-1206 with S2:75 cm x 10 cm spacing (2949 kg ha-1) and genotype G3: Suraj with S1: 60 cm x 10 cm spacing (2923 kg ha-1). cotton grown under conventional system with Bt cotton hybrid ATM at a recommended spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm recorded significantly lower seed cotton yield (2314 kg ha-1) when compared with the all the treatment combinations of cotton grown under HDPS except with the combinations of genotype G2: DSC-99 at S2:75 cm x 10 cm spacing and genotype G2: DSC-99 at S3: 90 cm x 10 cm spacing (2525 and 2263 kg ha-1, respectively). 166 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three compact cotton genotypes viz., G1: SCS-1206, G2: DSC-99, G3: Suraj as main plot treatments and three planting geometries viz., S1: 60 cm x 10 cm (1,66,666 plants ha-1), S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (1,33,333 plants ha-1) and S3: 90 cm x 10 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1) as sub plot treatments along with conventional system of cotton cultivation with Bt cotton hybrid ATM at a recommended spacing of 90 cm x 10 cm (uneven control) Introduction The concept HDPS is widely adopted by several countries such as China, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Australia, Argentina and several other countries where in plant population of 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 per hectare is maintained and high seed cotton yield of 40 to 90 quintals per hectare is realized. HDPS is more relevant to India to establish sustainable production system as the productivity of cotton is low in India. Compact cotton type of genotypes have the advantage of short sympodial branches with reduced inter-nodal length giving morphological feature of compressed habit and clustered boll habit on account of low vertical and horizontal growth it occupies minimum space. The HDPS cotton not only provides scope for double cropping and mechanized harvesting but also has the added advantage of requiring few pickings only. Therefore, which in turn reduces the labour cost as well as seed cost as farmers will use the varietal seeds during next sowing season. Results and Discussion Genotypes Among the different compact cotton genotypes, G1: SCS-1206 recorded higher seed cotton yield (2886 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) followed by genotype G3: Suraj (2754 kg ha-1) and which were significantly higher when compared with genotype G2: DSC-99 (2486 kg ha-1). This difference in seed cotton yield was mainly attributed to significant difference in yield components viz., number of bolls per plant (12.82 and 12.12, respectively on pooled basis), boll weight (3.73 and 3.54 g, respectively on pooled basis) and seed cotton yield per plant (25.98 and 24.40 g, respectively on pooled basis) and which was further due difference in growth attributes. Similar results were also reported by Udikeri and Shashidhara (2017), Ajaykumar et al. (2017) and Sankaryanana et al. (2018). Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to find out the suitable compact cotton genotypes and planting geometry with a view to achieve high yield levels under irrigated ecosystem of North Eastern Dry zone of Karnataka. Materials and Methods A field experiment entitled “Performance of compact cotton genotypes under high density planting in irrigated ecosystem” was conducted at Agricultural College, UAS, Raichur during Kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18 on medium black soil, neutral in nature with low available nitrogen, medium phosphorus, rich in potassium. The climatic condition during experimental period was favorable and regular irrigation was provided to crop during both the years at later part of crop growth stages i.e, from 60 DAS to till first picking. Planting geometry Difference in seed cotton yield due to different planting geometry was evident. Among different row spacings, a closer spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2896 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) when compared with the medium row spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (2758 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) and wider row 167 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 spacing of S3: 90 cm x 10 cm (2472 kg ha-1 on pooled basis). This differences in seed cotton yield was attributed to higher plant population per unit area even though the growth and yield attributes were lower when compared to recorded under medium and wider row spacings and increase in the number of plants per unit area could be compensated for decrease in yield components per plant under narrow spacing. Significantly superior seed cotton yield observed was mainly due to higher number of harvested bolls and higher plants population per unit area as supported findings of Alur (2016) and Devi et al. (2018). Table.1 Plant growth attributing characters of compact cotton genotypes under high density planting system Treatments Plant height (cm) 2016-17 Main plots (G) 128.96a G1 121.89b G2 133.31c G3 S.Em± 2.28 Sub plots (S) 137.09a S1 129.67b S2 117.40a S3 S.Em± 1.78 Interactions (G x S) 139.13a G1S1 129.40a-c G1S2 G1S3 G2S1 G2S2 G2S3 G3S1 G3S2 G3S3 S.Em± Control S.Em± CD (P=0.05) 118.33cd 130.80a-c 123.40b-d 111.47d 141.33a 136.20ab 122.40cd 3.95 119.07 3.64 10.82 Sympodials/plant 2017-18 Pooled Total dry matter production (g plant-1) 2016-17 2017-18 Pooled 2016-17 2017-18 Pooled 114.12a 95.96b 120.51a 1.78 121.54a 108.92b 126.91a 1.77 13.00a 11.29b 12.47a 0.25 12.44a 10.91b 11.98a 0.23 12.72a 11.10b 12.22a 0.19 130.52a 112.65c 125.69b 1.18 122.92a 103.89b 116.88a 1.82 126.72a 108.27c 121.29b 1.20 120.58a 111.84b 98.18c 2.34 128.83a 120.75b 107.79c 2.31 9.91c 11.98b 14.87a 0.36 9.56c 11.64b 14.13a 0.26 9.73c 11.81b 14.50a 0.28 110.86c 121.41b 136.60a 1.52 101.26c 112.93b 129.49a 1.63 106.06c 117.17b 133.05a 1.08 125.46ab 132.30ab 10.33de 10.13ef 10.23ef 118.08cd 108.95cd 114.39bc 121.90b- 12.93c 12.20cd 12.57c 129.38b 121.64b 113.52d 125.51b d 102.52cd 106.47cd 97.54d 83.86e 129.8a 123.57ab 108.16cd 4.05 106.30 3.72 11.05 110.43de 118.63cd 110.47de 97.66e 135.57a 129.89a-c 115.28d 3.99 112.69 3.67 10.92 15.73a 9.47e 10.73de 13.67bc 9.93e 12.27cd 15.20ab 0.63 20.73 0.57 1.69 168 15.00a 8.80f 10.87de 13.07bc 9.73ef 11.87cd 14.33ab 0.45 19.27 0.44 1.30 15.37a 144.10a 138.16a 9.13f 102.30e 91.39e de 10.80 110.46d 102.72d 13.37bc 125.20bc 117.57bc 9.83ef 112.21d 103.45d 12.07cd 124.38bc 114.44bc 14.77ab 140.49a 132.75a 0.49 2.64 2.83 20.00 180.00 171.06 0.45 2.70 2.89 1.34 8.01 8.59 141.13a 96.85f 106.59e 121.39bc 107.83de 119.41c 136.62a 1.87 175.53 1.83 5.43 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 Table.2 Yield attributing characters of compact cotton genotypes under high density planting system Treatments Number of bolls/plant Boll weight (g) Seed cotton yield/plant (g) 2016-17 2017-18 Pooled 2016-17 2017- Pooled 2016-17 2017-18 Pooled 18 Main plots (G) G1 13.22a 12.42a 12.82a 3.80a 3.66a 3.73a 26.42a 25.55a 25.98a G2 11.04b 10.20b 10.62b 3.35b 3.29b 3.32c 22.90c 21.32c 22.11c G3 12.56a 11.69a 12.12a 3.64a 3.54a 3.59b 24.97b 23.82b 24.40b 0.32 0.20 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.27 0.33 0.16 S1 10.42c 9.40c 9.91c 3.36c 3.25b 3.30b 23.18c 21.61c 22.40c S2 12.07b 11.29b 11.68b 3.49b 3.44b 3.46b 24.47b 23.39b 23.93b S3 14.33a 13.62a 13.98a 3.95a 3.80a 3.88a 26.64a 25.68a 26.16a 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.03 0.11 0.06 0.35 0.46 0.26 S.Em± Sub plots (S) S.Em± Interactions (G x S) G1S1 11.13c 10.13c 10.63c 3.58bc 3.41a-c 3.50bc 25.06b-d 23.63bc 24.35cd G1S2 13.07b 12.33b 12.70b 3.71bc 3.69ab 3.70ab 25.94bc 25.40ab 25.67bc G1S3 15.47a 14.80a 15.13a 4.12a 3.89a 4.00a 28.26a 27.6a 27.93a G2S1 9.40d 8.47d 8.93d 3.06e 3.01c 3.03d 21.15f 19.37d 20.26f G2S2 10.73c 9.93c 10.33c 3.27de 3.19bc 3.23cd 22.77ef 21.13cd 21.95e G2S3 13.00b 12.20b 12.60b 3.73b 3.66ab 3.70ab 24.77cd 23.44bc 24.11d G3S1 10.73c 9.60c 10.17c 3.44cd 3.32a-c 3.38bc 23.34de 21.82cd 22.58e G3S2 12.40b 11.60b 12.00b 3.47b-d 3.43a-c 3.45bc 24.68c-e 23.64bc 24.16d G3S3 14.53a 13.8 7a 14.20a 4.02a 3.86a 3.94a 26.89ab 26.00ab 26.45b S.Em± 0.37 0.36 0.33 0.08 0.18 0.10 Control 37.07 35.99 36.53 4.32 4.24 4.28 S.Em± 0.50 0.41 0.43 0.09 0.17 0.08 1.37 0.88 0.77 CD (P=0.05) 1.47 1.21 1.26 0.28 0.50 0.24 4.08 2.49 2.29 169 0.60 0.79 0.45 143.45 138.14 140.80 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 Table.3 Yield and economics of compact cotton genotypes under high density planting system Treatments Seed cotton yield (kg ha-1) 201617 Net returns (₹ha-1) B C Ratio 2017- Pooled 2016-17 2017-18 18 Pooled 2016-172017-18 Pooled Main plots (G) G1 2962a 2811a 2886a 84064a 78629a 81346a 2.81a 2.64a 2.73a G2 2584b 2388b 2486b 67407b 59609b 63508b 2.45b 2.24b 2.35b G3 2842a 2666a 2754a 78764a 72104a 75434a 2.70a 2.51a 2.60a S.Em± 55.58 52.77 53.73 2445 2375 2390 0.06 0.05 0.05 S1 2974a 2819a 2896a 83661a 78068a 80865a 2.77a 2.60a 2.69a S2 2841b 2675b 2758b 78840a 72624a 75732a 2.71a 2.52a 2.61a S3 2573c 2371c 2472c 67734b 59650b 63692b 2.49b 2.27b 2.38b S.Em± 42.38 43.68 42.87 1865 1966 1908 0.03 0.05 0.03 87803a Sub plots (S) Interactions (G x S) G1S1 3156a 3035a 3096a 91669a 89736a 2.94a 2.80a 2.87a G1S2 3020ab 2879ab 2949ab 86706ab 81819ab 84263ab 2.88a 2.71a 2.80ab G1S3 2711cd 2518cd 2615cd 73816cd 66265cd 70041cd 2.62b- 2.41bc 2.52cd G2S1 2761cd 2579cd 2670cd 74304cd 67283cd 70793cd 2.57cd 2.38bc 2.48cd G2S2 2621d 2428d 2525d 69180d 61524d 65352d 2.50d 2.29cd 2.39d G2S3 2368e 2157e 2263e 58739e 50020e 54379e 2.29e 2.06d 2.18e G3S1 3005ab 2842ab 2923ab 85010ab 79118ab 82064ab 2.80ab 2.62ab 2.71ab G3S2 2882bc 2717bc 2799bc 80634bc 74529bc 77582bc 2.75a- 2.65bc G3S3 2639cd 2438d 2539d 70648cd 62665d S.Em± 73.40 75.65 74.25 3230 Control 2419 2208 2314 S.Em± 77 78 CD (P=0.05) 228 230 d 2.56a- c c 66657cd 2.55d 2.33c 2.44d 3404 33.05 0.07 0.08 0.06 57848 49195 53522 2.19 1.98 2.09 75 3383 3488 3331 0.07 0.07 0.07 222 10052 10364 9898 0.22 0.22 0.21 170 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 basis) and it was found at par with medium row spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (₹ 75,732 ha-1 and 2.61, respectively on pooled basis). While, wider row spacing of S3: 90 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly lower net returns and BC ratio (₹ 63,692 ha-1 and 2.38, respectively on pooled basis). Among different interactions of cotton grown under HDPS, a combination of genotype G1: SCS1206 with row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher net returns and BC ratio (₹ 89,736 ha-1 and 2.87 , respectively on pooled basis) and found on par with combination of genotype G1: SCS1206 with a spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (₹ 84,263 ha-1 and 2.80, respectively on pooled basis) and genotype S3: Suraj with a row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm (₹ 82,064 ha-1 and 2.71, respectively on pooled basis). Significantly lower net returns and BC ratio (₹ 54,379 ha-1 and 2.18, respectively on pooled basis) was observed with combination of genotype G2: DSC-99 with a row spacing of S3: 90 cm x 10 cm. Cotton grown under conventional system with Bt cotton hybrid ATM with a recommended spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm recorded significantly lower economic values (₹ 53,522 ha-1 and 2.09, respectively on pooled basis) when compared with the cotton grown under HDPS. This result was supported by findings of Tuppad (2015) and UdiKeri (2017). Interaction effect Interaction effect of compact cotton genotypes and planting geometries were found significant. Among the different combinations, interaction of genotype G1: SCS -1206 with a row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (3096 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) when compared to rest of treatment combination. However, it remained at par with the combination of G1: SCS-1206 with a row spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (2949 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) and genotype G3: Suraj with a row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm (2923 kg ha-1 on pooled basis). Further, cotton grown under conventional system with Bt cotton hybrid ATM at a recommended spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm recorded significantly lower seed cotton yield (2314 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) when compared with all the treatment combinations of cotton grown under HDPS except with the combination of genotype G2: DSC-99 with a row spacing of S2: 75 cm x 10 cm (2525 kg ha-1 on pooled basis) and genotype G2: DSC-99 with a row spacing of S3: 90 cm x 10 cm (2263 kg ha-1, on pooled basis). The results are in line with the findings of Tuppad (2015) and Parlawar et al. (2017). Economics Among the different compact cotton types, genotype G1: SCS-1206 and G3: Suraj recorded significantly higher net returns (₹ 81,346 and 75,434 ha-1 respectively on pooled basis) and BC ratio (2.73 and 2.60, respectively on pooled basis). While the genotype G2: DSC-99 recorded significantly lower net returns (₹ 63,508 ha-1 on pooled basis) and BC ratio (2.35 on pooled bases). Among different planting geometries, a closer row spacing of S1: 60 cm x 10 cm recorded significantly higher net returns (₹ 80,865 ha-1 on pooled basis) and BC ratio (2.69 on pooled 171 References Udikeri, M. and Shashidhar, G. B., 2017, Influence of different planting geometry and fertilizer levels on yield and economics of compact cotton genotypes. Inter. J. Agril. Sci., 9(33): 4482-4485. Ajayakumar, M. Y., Umesh, M. R., Shivalila and Nidagundi, J. M., 2017, Light interception and yield response of cotton varieties to high density planting and fertilizers in sub-tropical India. J. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): - 166-172 Appl. & Nat. Sci., 9(3): 1835-1839. Sankarnarayanan, K., Singh, J. and Rajendran, K., 2018, Identification of suitable high density planting system genotypes its response to different levels of fertilizers compared with Bt cotton. J. Cotton Res. Dev., 32(1): 8496. Alur A, 2016, Studies on high density planting and nutrient management in compact cotton genotypes. M. Sc (Agri) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Raichur (India). Devi, B., Bharathi, S., Rekha, S. M. and Jayalalitha, K., 2018, Nutrient uptake and economics of cotton in high density planting system under varied plant spacing and nitrogen levels. J. Res. ANGRAU, 46(1): 26-29. Parlawar, N. D., Jiotode, D. J., Khawle, V. S., Kubde, K. J. and Puri, P. D., 2017, Effect of planting geometry and varieties on morpho-physiological parameters and yield of cotton. J. Soils and Crops., 27(2):152-158. Tuppad, G. B., 2015, Response of compact cotton genotypes to graded levels of fertilizers under varied planting density and defoliators. Ph. D. (Agri) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad (India). How to cite this article: Mohan Chavan, Satyanarayana Rao, B. K. Desai and Koppalkar, B. G. 2020. Performance of Compact Cotton Genotypes under High Density Planting System in Irrigated Ecosystem. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(02): 166-172. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.020 172