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HIGH-INTEREST FOR LEVELS 3 THROUGH 8 Each of the six books in this power-packed new series features: 100+ reproducible exercise pages 900–1,500 vocabulary words Dual emphasis on unlocking meaning by analyzing word structure and by using context clues Clear instructions, friendly lesson format, and charming illustrations throughout SAMPLE LESSON TOPICS • synonyms / antonyms • alphabetical order • common / proper nouns • parts of speech • connotation / denotation • homophones / homographs • abbreviations / acronyms • dictionary entries • word origins • variant letter sounds • shades of meaning • idiomatic expressions • clichés • formal / informal language SADDLEBACK EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com • prefixes / suffixes • multiple-meaning words • present / past tense • syllabication • similes / metaphors • contractions / possessives • Greek / Latin roots • thesaurus entries • spelling demons • words often confused • pronunciation • euphemisms • selecting vivid words • content area terms ISBN-10: 1-56254-722-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-56254-722-6 BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES – Level 6 S K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E S S K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E S Antonyms / s m S y n o ny rts of Spee Pr a e P ch ec c i is e o Word C h s / Acro nym n o i t s a i v A b b re Skills ry a n o i t s c d i r D o W Mu g in ltiple-MeanM LEVEL 6 100 REPRODUCIBLE ACTIVITIES BUILDING V OCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES LEVEL 6 by LORNA PECK BUILDING V OCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6 LEVEL 7 LEVEL 8 LEVEL ➬ Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc. Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems. ISBN-10: 1-56254-724-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-56254-724-0 eBook: 978-1-60291-125-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Communication 1: Verbal . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Communication 2: Written . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Different Kinds of English: Formal, Informal, and Slang 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Different Kinds of English: Formal, Informal, and Slang 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Using the Dictionary 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Using the Dictionary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Vowel Sounds 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Vowel Sounds 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Double Letters 1: Vowels . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Double Letters 2: Consonants . . . . . . . .15 The Same Yet Different: Homographs 1 .16 The Same Yet Different: Homographs 2 .17 Two-Syllable Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Three-Syllable Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Using Two-Syllable Words . . . . . . . . . . .20 Using Three-Syllable Words . . . . . . . . . .21 Parts of Speech—Nouns 1: Things . . . . .22 Parts of Speech—Nouns 2: People and Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Parts of Speech—Verbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Parts of Speech—Verbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Parts of Speech—Adjectives 1 . . . . . . . .26 Parts of Speech—Adjectives 2 . . . . . . . .27 Parts of Speech—Adverbs 1 . . . . . . . . . .28 Parts of Speech—Adverbs 2 . . . . . . . . . .29 Parts of Speech— Conjunctions 1: and, or . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Parts of Speech— Conjunctions 2: but, if, because, so . . .31 Prefixes 1: anti-, pro- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Prefixes 2: dis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Suffixes 1: -ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Suffixes 2: -ate, -ize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Plurals 1: -s, -es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Plurals 2: Irregular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Abbreviations 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Abbreviations 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Special Abbreviations 1: Acronyms Special Abbreviations 2: Titles . . . . Synonyms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synonyms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antonyms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antonyms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More Antonyms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . More Antonyms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparatives and Superlatives . . . It’s All Relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Euphemisms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Euphemisms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Similes 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Similes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shades of Meaning 1 . . . . . . . . . . . Shades of Meaning 2 . . . . . . . . . . . Pronunciation 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pronunciation 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Word Categories 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Word Categories 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choosing the Right Word 1 . . . . . . Choosing the Right Word 2 . . . . . . Contractions 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contractions 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What’s Wrong with This Word? . . . What’s Wrong with This Sentence? What’s Wrong with This Paragraph? What’s Wrong with This Paragraph? Idioms: Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idioms: Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Let’s Go to the Mall 1 . . . . . . . . . . . Let’s Go to the Mall 2 . . . . . . . . . . . Sports Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 .41 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .48 .49 .50 .51 .52 .53 .54 .55 .56 .57 .58 .59 .60 .61 .62 .63 .64 .65 .66 .67 .68 .69 .70 .71 .72 .73 .74 .75 .76 .77 .78 Sports Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Weather Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Weather Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Musical Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Musical Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Monuments and Landmarks 1 . . . . . . . .84 Monuments and Landmarks 2 . . . . . . . .85 Money Talk 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Money Talk 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 School Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 School Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Medical Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Medical Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Inventions and Discoveries 1 . . . . . . . . .92 Inventions and Discoveries 2 . . . . . . . . .93 Working World 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Working World 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Cars 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Cars 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Just for Fun 1: Strike Up the Band! . . .98 Just for Fun 2: Throw Up Your Hands! .99 Word Histories 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Word Histories 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Name That Topic 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Name That Topic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Words Beginning with A, B, C 1 . . . . . .104 Words Beginning with A, B, C 2 . . . . . .105 Words Beginning with D, E, F 1 . . . . . .106 Words Beginning with D, E, F 2 . . . . . .107 Words Beginning with G, H, I 1 . . . . . .108 Words Beginning with G, H, I 2 . . . . . .109 Words Beginning with J, K, L 1 . . . Words Beginning with J, K, L 2 . . . Words Beginning with M, N, O 1 . . . Words Beginning with M, N, O 2 . . . Words Beginning with P, Q, R 1 . . . Words Beginning with P, Q, R 2 . . . Words Beginning with S and T 1 . . Words Beginning with S and T 2 . . Words Beginning with U and V 1 . . Words Beginning with U and V 2 . . Words Beginning with W, X, Y, Z 1 . Words Beginning with W, X, Y, Z 2 . Word Wizard Challenge: A–L . . . . . Word Wizard Challenge: M–Z . . . . . Using Words in Context 1: Who Are You? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Words in Context 2: Describing Your World . . . . . . . . . More Words in Context 1: Where’s the Action? . . . . . . . . . . . More Words in Context 2: What Are You Thinking? . . . . . . . Observing the World Around You 1 Observing the World Around You 2 What U.S. State Is It? . . . . . . . . . . What Country Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . World Cultures 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World Cultures 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Favorite Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Favorite Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope and Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 .111 .112 .113 .114 .115 .116 .117 .118 .119 .120 .121 .122 .123 . . .124 . . .125 . . .126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 .128 .129 .130 .131 .132 .133 .134 .135 .136 .138 INTRODUCTION Welcome to BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES! We at Saddleback Publishing, Inc. are proud to introduce this important supplement to your basal language arts curriculum. Our goal in creating this series was twofold: to help on-level and below-level students build their “word power” in short incremental lessons, and to provide you, the teacher, with maximum flexibility in deciding when and how to assign these exercises. All lessons are reproducible. That makes them ideal for homework, extra credit assignments, cooperative learning groups, or focused drill practice for selected ESL or remedial students. A quick review of the book’s Table of Contents will enable you to individualize instruction according to the varied needs of your students. Correlated to the latest research and current language arts standards in most states, the instructional design of Building Vocabulary Skills & Strategies is unusually comprehensive for a supplementary program. All important concepts—ranging from primary-level phonics to the nuances of connotation— are thoroughly presented from the ground up. Traditional word attack strategies and “getting meaning from context clues” are dually emphasized. As all educators know, assessment and evaluation of student understanding and skill attainment is an ongoing process. Here again, reproducible lessons are ideal in that they can be used for both pre- and post-testing. We further suggest that you utilize the blank back of every copied worksheet for extra reinforcement of that lesson’s vocabulary; spelling tests or short writing assignments are two obvious options. You can use the Scope and Sequence chart at the back of each book for recording your ongoing evaluations. Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 6 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc., 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 5 COMMUNICATION 1: VERBAL When you speak, you don’t have to worry about spelling and punctuation! You do, however, have to be concerned with grammar and style. A. Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the sentences. emphasize facial expressions smirk nonverbal gestures words raising your eyebrows frown intonation verbal shrug 1. You speak ________________________ out loud when you communicate orally. 2. Spoken communication is sometimes called ___________________ communication. 3. ________________________ communication does not involve speaking or writing. 4. People often make ________________________ with their hands and bodies when they communicate. 5. By using your eyes and mouth in certain ways, you can communicate with _________________________________. 6. You _____________________ some words more than others when you are speaking. 7. If you _______________ while you’re speaking, you communicate disapproval. 8. The ________________________ of your voice is the way it rises and falls when you are speaking. 9. You can express surprise or shock by ________________________ while you are speaking. 10. A smug or sarcastic smile—a ________________________—is an effective way to express an attitude of superiority. 11. When you ________________________ your shoulders, it usually means you don’t know or don’t care. B. Write an original sentence using each of these verbs: stress, gesture, smirk, shrug. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 6 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com COMMUNICATION 2: WRITTEN Humans begin learning to speak when they are babies. People learn to write in kindergarten and first grade. A. Use the words in the box to complete the sentences. Each word is used only once. Then write T or F to show whether each sentence is true or false. spell recognize grammar alphabet punctuation pronounce uppercase reading 1. _____ Writing is the “partner” of ________________________. 2. _____ A written word is made up of letters. To use words in oral communication, you must know how to ______________________ words letter by letter. 3. _____ The rules about how words go together in sentences is called ________________________. Most sentences have both subjects and predicates (verbs). 4. _____ The following marks are examples of ________________________: , “ ! ? ; : . . 5. _____ Using ________________________ letters at the beginning of certain words is called capitalization. 6. _____ To read, you do not have to be able to sound out, or ________________________, the letters and words. 7. _____ All of the letters in a language make up that language’s ____________________, and all languages use the same writing system as English. 8. _____ To read, you must be able to ________________________ the letters in words. B. Circle eight examples of written communication. books hieroglyphics telephone calls declamation fliers lectures Internet Web pages term papers magazines gestures mime business letters newspapers business discussions Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 6 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 7 DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENGLISH: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 1 When you greet people, you might say “hello,” “hi,” or even something like “yo.” Your choice of words may depend on whom you’re speaking to. It can also depend on when and where you’re speaking to them. A. Circle the more formal word in each pair. That’s the one you might use when speaking with your friends’ parents or your boss. 1. friend / buddy 5. split / leave 2. mother / old lady 6. exactly! / right on! 3. bread / money 7. fink / informer 4. food / chow 8. police officer / cop Sometimes formality of speech is a matter of degree. One word or phrase may be just slightly more formal than another. (Neither one may be slang.) More formal words tend to make you sound more educated. B. Complete the less formal word in parentheses by writing in the missing letters. 1. The accident victim was hysterical (out of con __ __ __ l). 2. A hysterical person’s speech is often not coherent (cl __ __ r). 3. Moe’s hamburgers were always delicious (t __ __ ty). 4. Only two hours have elapsed (pa __ __ __ d) since the plane lifted off. 5. Excessive (Too __ __ __ __ ) eating usually results in weight gain. 6. Impertinent (Sa __ __ y) speech is not appropriate in the classroom. 7. The conversation we had was downright insipid (d __ __ __ ). 8. Dad thinks my plans for the future are too nebulous (v __ __ ue). 8 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 6 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENGLISH: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 2 Slang is used in conversation, but it is not acceptable in formal or informal writing. Write a letter to match each slang word or phrase with its meaning. 1. _____ airhead a. a child 2. _____ bonkers b. a Yankee; an American 3. _____ to deck c. cause problems 4. _____ fender-bender d. clothing 5. _____ to get it e. criticize or dismiss 6. _____ hairy f. cook something in the microwave oven 7. _____ in g. crazy 8. _____ jerk h. all right 9. _____ to knock 10. _____ to luck out 11. _____ to make waves 12. _____ to nuke i. difficult; dangerous j. done fast, but not very well k. fashionable l. killed 13. _____ OK m. many; countless 14. _____ peanuts n. pimple; acne 15. _____ quick and dirty o. minor car accident 16. _____ rug rat p. annoying person 17. _____ shades q. unintelligent person 18. _____ threads r. sunglasses 19. _____ umpteen s. to be lucky or fortunate 20. _____ wasted t. to hit someone 21. _____ Yank u. to understand something 22. _____ zit v. very little money Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 6 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 9