Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9

pdf
Số trang Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9 15 Cỡ tệp Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9 505 KB Lượt tải Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9 0 Lượt đọc Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9 1
Đánh giá Lecture Professional Practices in IT: Lecture 9
4.8 ( 10 lượt)
Nhấn vào bên dưới để tải tài liệu
Đang xem trước 10 trên tổng 15 trang, để tải xuống xem đầy đủ hãy nhấn vào bên trên
Chủ đề liên quan

Nội dung

Lecture 9 ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS (continued) 1 © Prentice Hall 2011 Learning Objectives • What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems? • What specific principles for conduct can be used to guide ethical decisions? • Why do contemporary information systems technology and the Internet pose challenges to the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property? • How have information systems affected everyday life? 2 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • European Directive on Data Protection: – Requires companies to inform people when they collect information about them and disclose how it will be stored and used. – Requires informed consent of customer – EU member nations cannot transfer personal data to countries with no similar privacy protection (e.g. U.S.) – U.S. businesses use safe harbor framework • Self-regulating policy to meet objectives of government legislation without involving government regulation or enforcement. 3 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • Internet Challenges to Privacy: – Cookies • Tiny files downloaded by Web site to visitor’s hard drive to help identify visitor’s browser and track visits to site • Allow Web sites to develop profiles on visitors – Web beacons/bugs • Tiny graphics embedded in e-mail and Web pages to monitor who is reading message – Spyware • Surreptitiously installed on user’s computer • May transmit user’s keystrokes or display unwanted ads • Google’s collection of private data; behavioral targeting 4 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems HOW COOKIES IDENTIFY WEB VISITORS FIGURE 4-3 Cookies are written by a Web site on a visitor’s hard drive. When the visitor returns to that Web site, the Web server requests the ID number from the cookie and uses it to access the data stored by that server on that visitor. The Web site can then use these data to display personalized information. 5 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • U.S. allows businesses to gather transaction information and use this for other marketing purposes • Online industry promotes self-regulation over privacy legislation • However, extent of responsibility taken varies – Statements of information use – Opt-out selection boxes – Online “seals” of privacy principles • Most Web sites do not have any privacy policies 6 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • Technical solutions – The Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) • Allows Web sites to communicate privacy policies to visitor’s Web browser – user • User specifies privacy levels desired in browser settings • E.g. “medium” level accepts cookies from firstparty host sites that have opt-in or opt-out policies but rejects third-party cookies that use personally identifiable information without an opt-in policy 7 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems THE P3P STANDARD FIGURE 4-4 P3P enables Web sites to translate their privacy policies into a standard format that can be read by the user’s Web browser software. The browser software evaluates the Web site’s privacy policy to determine whether it is compatible with the user’s privacy preferences. 8 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • Property rights: Intellectual property – Intellectual property: Intangible property of any kind created by individuals or corporations – Three main ways that protect intellectual property 1. 2. 3. Trade secret: Intellectual work or product belonging to business, not in the public domain Copyright: Statutory grant protecting intellectual property from being copied for the life of the author, plus 70 years Patents: Grants creator of invention an exclusive monopoly on ideas behind invention for 20 years 9 © Prentice Hall 2011 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems • Challenges to intellectual property rights – Digital media different from physical media (e.g. books) • • • • • Ease of replication Ease of transmission (networks, Internet) Difficulty in classifying software Compactness Difficulties in establishing uniqueness • Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) – Makes it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials 10 © Prentice Hall 2011
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.