Nội dung

KEY TOPICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE Key Topics books contain the information you need for: • Clinical guidance – rapid access to concise details and facts • Postgraduate exams – an essential revision guide Clear and comprehensive, Key Topics in Sports Medicine is a single quick reference source for sports and exercise medicine. It presents the essential information from across relevant topic areas, and includes both the core and emerging issues in this rapidly developing field. It covers: • • • • • • Sports injuries, rehabilitation and injury prevention Exercise physiology, fitness testing and training Drugs in sport Exercise and health promotion Sport and exercise for special and clinical populations The psychology of performance and injury. Based on graduate programme teaching practice and with an international team of contributors, this is a valuable and practical resource for all those interested in sports and exercise medicine, including sports clinicians, general practitioners, team doctors, orthopaedic surgeons, accident and emergency doctors and physiotherapists. Amir Ali Narvani is Specialist Registrar in Orthopaedics and Trauma, North West Thames Rotation. Panagiotis Thomas is co-director of the MSc School of Human Health and Performance at University College London and Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at the Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London. Bruce Lynn is Professor of Physiology and co-director of the MSc School of Human Health and Performance at University College London. The KEY TOPICS Series Accident and Emergency Medicine, Second Edition Anaesthesia, Third Edition Cardiac Surgery Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Research Critical Care, Second Edition Evidence-Based Medicine Gastroenterology General Surgery, Second Edition Human Diseases for Dental Students Neonatology, Second Edition Neurology Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Edition Oncology Ophthalmology, Second Edition Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Otolaryngology, Second Edition Paediatrics, Second Edition Pain Management, Third Edition Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Psychiatry Renal Medicine Respiratory Medicine Sexual Health Thoracic Surgery Trauma Urology KEY TOPICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE Edited by A A Narvani, P Thomas and B Lynn First published in the United Kingdom in 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 Routledge This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the use of any product or procedure discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the manufacturer. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Narvani, A. A. (Amir Ali), 1971– Key topics in sports medicine / A.A. Narvani, P. Thomas, and B. Lynn. p. ; cm. –– (Key topics series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Sports medicine—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Thomas, P. (Panagiotis), 1960– II. Lynn, Bruce, 1943– III. Title. IV. Title: Sports medicine. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Athletic Injuries—Handbooks. 2. Sports Medicine—Handbooks. QT 261 N238k 2006] RC1211.N37 2006 617.1027—dc22 2006008644 ISBN10: 0-415-41122-X (hbk) ISBN10: 1-841-84441-1 (pbk) ISBN10: 0-203-48015-5 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-41122-6 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-1-84184-441-1 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-48015-1 (ebk) To my father, who taught me how a father could also be his son’s best friend, defined kindness and generosity for me and introduced me to the wonderful world of sport. To my mother, who is the main reason for every success that I have ever had and whose sacrifices I truly appreciate. To my wife without whose support and patience this book would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my co-editors, all of the contributing authors and the publishing company Routledge. A A Narvani To my parents, my wife Jennie and my two daughters Bethany and Jessica Thomas. P Thomas To my long-suffering family. B Lynn Contents List of contributors Preface x xii Abdominal injuries in sport B Modarai Achilles tendon rupture AA Narvani Ageing and sport AA Narvani Ankle – acute sprains AA Narvani Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: overview AA Narvani Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: lateral ankle instability AA Narvani Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: other injuries AA Narvani Back pain – overview AA Narvani Back pain – lumbar strains and sprains AA Narvani Back pain – discogenic AA Narvani Back pain – spondylolysis AA Narvani Biomechanics B Lynn Calf pain P Thomas Cervical spine injuries – overview AA Narvani Cervical spine – cervical ligament and muscle injuries AA Narvani Cervical spine – cervical disc injuries and herniations AA Narvani Cervical spine – fracture/dislocation AA Narvani Cervical spine – cervical cord neuropraxia AA Narvani Cervical spine – nerve root/brachial plexus injuries AA Narvani Chest injuries P Thomas Compartment pressure syndromes P Thomas Diabetes and exercise S Parnia Disability and sport – overview AA Narvani Disability and sport – classification AA Narvani Disability and sport – medical problems AA Narvani Disability and sport – equipment AA Narvani Drugs in sport – overview B Lynn Drugs in sport – the administrative framework: doping control procedures B Lynn Drugs in sport – anabolic steroid abuse B Lynn Drugs in sport – blood doping, erythropoietin and altitude training B Lynn Diving – hyperbaric medicine B Lynn Ear, nose, throat conditions in athletes N Munir Elbow – lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) AA Narvani Elbow – medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow) AA Narvani Elbow – throwing injuries AA Narvani Epilepsy and exercise S Parnia Exercise physiology – circulatory and respiratory systems B Lynn Exercise promotion B Lynn 1 4 6 11 14 15 17 25 27 29 30 32 35 36 38 39 40 46 47 50 53 54 59 60 62 65 68 72 75 78 82 86 89 92 95 102 106 109 viii Sports Medicine Eye injuries in sports AA Narvani Female athlete – the triad B Lynn Female athlete – exercise during pregnancy B Lynn Fitness testing B Lynn Forearm and wrist conditions P Thomas Gender verification B Lynn Groin pain AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis Hand injuries P Thomas Head injury P Thomas Heel pain R Sreekumar Imaging of sports injuries – plain radiograph (plain X-ray) AA Narvani Imaging of sports injuries – ultrasound (USS) AA Narvani Imaging of sports injuries – isotope bone scan AA Narvani Imaging of sports injuries – magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) AA Narvani Imaging of sports injuries – computed tomography (CT) AA Narvani Infection and sport A Kamvari Knee – acute injuries P Thomas Knee – overuse injuries P Thomas Knee – anterior knee pain P Thomas Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation AA Narvani Maxillofacial injuries in sport F Monibi Muscle properties relevant to sports and exercise (including fatigue) B Lynn Nerve injury – overview of peripheral nerve injuries O Haddo Nerve entrapment syndromes – upper limb P Thomas Nerve entrapment syndromes – lower limb O Haddo Orthoses in sport JL Livingstone Osteoarthritis and sport AA Narvani Osteoarthritis – treatment AA Narvani Paediatrics – sports medicine P Thomas Paediatrics – sports injuries P Thomas Paediatrics – osteochondrosis (osteochondritis) P Thomas Physiotherapy – general principles T Betts Physiotherapy – acute injury management T Betts Physiotherapy – rehabilitation T Betts Physiotherapy – the team physiotherapist T Betts Prevention of sports injuries AA Narvani Psychology – performance enhancement P Thomas Psychology – sports injuries P Thomas Pulmonary disorders and exercise S Parnia Risk of sudden death in athletes MF Khan Shin pain P Thomas Shoulder – acute dislocation AA Narvani Shoulder – instability AA Narvani Shoulder – impingement syndrome/rotator cuff disease AA Narvani Shoulder – acromioclavicular joint injuries AA Narvani Skin infections in athletes A Kamvari 111 116 119 120 121 124 125 129 131 134 141 143 145 148 151 153 156 161 162 164 168 172 178 182 183 186 194 196 200 202 206 209 213 218 221 225 229 231 232 235 244 245 248 253 259 263 Contents ix Sport and exercise at altitude B Lynn Sport and exercise in the cold – hypothermia B Lynn Sport and exercise in the heat – thermoregulation and fluid balance B Lynn Sport and travelling P Thomas Sports footwear AA Narvani Stress fractures in sports M Ramachandran Team physician P Thomas Thigh pain (anterior) – quadriceps muscle injuries AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis Thigh pain (posterior) – hamstring strains AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis Thigh – muscular contusions and myositis ossificans AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis Thoracolumbar spine fractures AA Narvani Training B Lynn Unexplained underperformance syndrome B Lynn Urinary tract injuries P Thomas Index 268 270 272 275 277 281 285 287 291 295 299 304 306 308 310