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VIEN C H A N NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - 56 7 - Thang 8-2007 KET QUA X A Y DUNG MO HINH TRONG CO T H A M CANH PHAT TRIEN C H A N NUOI GIA sue AN CO TAI HO N O N G D A N DINH HOA - THAI NGUYEN Nguyin Vdn Quang'*, Le Hod Binh', Phimg Dice Tiidn^ ' Vien Chan Nuoi; ^ Phong Ndng Nghiep & PTNT Dmh Hoa *Tac gia dd lidn he: Nguydn Van Quang, Bp mdn Ddng Cd va Cay Thire An Gia Stic, Vidn Chan nudi DT: 04.8386130/0912351433; Fax: 04.8389775; E mail: nguyenvanquangven(a)yahoo.eom ABSTRACT Establishment of an intensive pasture pilot for ruminant production in Dinh Hoa - Thai Nguyen province An intensive planted pasture pilot for increasing ruminant production in Dinh Hoa- Thai Nguyen was developed total 47 household farmers in 3 communes of this district involved in this model. A total area for pilots was 15ha. The grasses and legumes in these pilots were Penisentum purpureum (74.7%), Panicum maximum TD58 (14.7%), Paspalum atratum (5.3%), Leucaena leucocephala (3.3%) and Stylo guianensis 184 (2.0%). The results showed that during first year under intensive conditions, on average, Iha of planted pasture can supply enough forage for 14 to 22 heads of ruminants per year Key words:. Penisentum purpureum, Panicum maximum TD58, Paspalum atratum. Leucaena leucocephala. Stylo guianensis 184. . ' ^ - • ' " " - '• . . . . . , , ; . ' . DAT VAN DE Djnh Hod la mdt huyen mien niii, chien khu each mang nam xua (ATK) ndm d phia tay bdc ciia tinh Thai Nguyen, each trung tam thanh phd 50km theo qud'c Id 3 va tinh Id 254. Phia bdc giap huyen Chp Ddn, phia ddng giap huyen Chp Mdi tinh Bde Kan, Phia nam giap huyen Dai Tir va Huyen Phii Luong tinh Thai Nguydn, phia tay giap huyen Yen Son tinh Tuydn Quang. Tdng didn tich da't tu nhidn la 52.272 ha. Trong dd ddt ndng nghiep 35.600 ha, ddt Iiia 4.810 ha, dat trdng cay hang nam 900,34 ha, ddt lam nghidp 24.791,97 ha. Dja hinh tuong ddi phirc tap, phdn Idn la niii cao ed dja hinh hidm trd va bi chia cdt manh. Dan sd ciia huyen la 89.638 ngudi, trong dd sd ngudi trong dp tudi lao ddng ehid'm khoang 52%. Thu nhap binh quan ddu ngudi 3.600.000d/ngudi/nam. Trong dd thu nhap tir trdng trpt ehid'm khoang 71,6%, thu nhap tir ehan nudi ehid'm 26,1%, thu nhdp tir djch vu ndng nghidp 2,3% (Bao eao Tdng ke't nganh ndng nghidp huyen Djnh Hda, 2005). Bang 1 : Didn tich, nang sudt, san lupng mdt so cdy trdng chinh eiia huyen TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cay trdng C!ay Ilia cay ngd Cay khoai lang Cdy lac Cdy dd tucmg Cay ddu dd khac Didn tich (ha) 7.797,4 1.236,0 565,5 91,8 69,9 137,2 Nang suat (ta/ha) 46,35 32,57 34,32 87,36 8,89 8,09 Nguon : Phdng NN&PTNT huyen Dinh Hod nam 2005. 50 San lucmg (tan) 36.141,0 4.027,0 1.941,0 80,2 62,2 111,1 NGDY^N WAN QUANG-Kei qud xdy dung md hinh... Bang 2: Udc tinh khd'i lupng ngudn phu phdm ndng nghidp lam thirc an thd xanh cho gia sue Tdn phu pham Didn tich gieo Khdi lupng san pham Sd lupng gia siic ed the nudi tr6ng(ba/nam) phu (tan CK/nam) ^ ^ ^00 -250 kg/con) Cdy Iiia 1.191A Cay ngd 1.236 cay khoai lang 565,5 Cay lac 91,8 Cdng 26.509 , 3.831 165 14.727 2.128 . 92 509 283 31.014 17.230 Tinh hinh phat trien dan gia siic an ed eiia dia phuong dupc the hidn trong Bang 3 Bang 3 : Sd lupng dan gia siic an ed eua huyen qua cdc nam (2002 2004) Nam 2003 2002 2004 1 Trau 14.885 13.173 12.685 2 Bd 2.025 2.238 2.600 3 Dd 4.300 4.300 4.500 4 Ngua 250 200 150 Ngudn: Phdng NN&PTNT huyen Dinh Hod nam 2005 TT Loai gia siic So sanh 2002-2004 (%) - 14,8 + 28,4 -K 4,6 -40,0 Bang 4 : Cdc loai thtic an thd xanh sir dung eho gia sue hidn tai TT I 2 3 4 5 6 7 Loai thire an Cd tu nhidn Cd trdng Rom liia cay ngd La sdn La mia La rimg Miia mua (%) 50,0 10,0 30,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 5,0 Mua kh6 (%) 20,0 6,0 50,0 15,0 1,0 5,0 3,0 Ngudn: Sdlieu dieu tra ctia phdng NN&PTNT Dinh Hod nam 2005. Thuc trang hidn nay ehan nuoi gia sue an cd edn ehua phat trien manh, san xudt cdn manh miin, nhd le, chua ed nhieu md hinh ehan nudi theo hudng trang trai ldn, tap trung dd' tao san phdm hang hod. Tap quan ehan nudi ehii yd'u la chan tha tu do, tan dung ngudn cd tir nhien va mdt phdn phu phdm ndng nghidp. Mdt sd hd gia dinh da trdng ed ehan nudi nhung theo hudng quang canh, chua ddu tu phii hpp ndn nang sudt chdt xanh thu dupe thdp, ehua dap irng dii thiire an thd xanh cho ehan nudi sd lupng gia sue ldn, dae bidt ve miia ddng. De phat huy Ipi the eiia dja phuong ve dieu kidn tu nhidn, nhan lire vd nang eao hieu qua kinh te trong ehan nudi gia sue an ed d Djnh Hod - Thai Nguydn, ehiing tdi tie'n hanh xay dung md hinh "Trdng cd tham canh" nhdm: - Nang cao nang suat, chat lupng thire an xanh trdn don vj didn tich, phii hpp vdi dieu kidn dai dai, sd lupng gia siie eiia cac hd gia dinh mang lai hidu qua kinh tc cao. 51 VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - So 7 - Thang 8-2007 - Tan dung ngudn lao ddng sdn cd day manh chan nudi gia siic an cd trdn dia ban huyen. - Nhan nhanh md hinh trdn didn rdng, gdp phdn chuyen djch co edu cay trdng, vat nudi ciia dia phuong. VAT LIEU vA PHUONG PHAP XAY DUNG M 6 HINH ' t.J Ddi tugng xdy dung mo hinh Tieu chi chgn dia diem - Chpn dja phuong thudn ndng, dai didn cho 3 viing cita huyen dd la : Linh Thdng - Scm Phii - Tan Duong. Tieu chi chgn hp - Hd ed nguydn vpng phat trien ehan nudi gia siic an cd. - Cd 3-5 con dai gia siic trd ldn. . ^,^ - Cd didu kien vd nhdn luc, da't dai va vdn dau tu Gidng CO . . . Chpn mdt so gid'ng da dupc nghidn ciiu, ehpn Ipe, danh gia phat trien tdt vdi dieu kidn ciia dia phuong dd la eae gid'ng: Pennisetum Pupureum (cd voi), Panicummximum TD58 (ghind), Paspalum atratum (paspalum), Leucaena leucocephala (Keo giau K280), Stylosanthes guianensis 184 (stylo). Phdn bon Phan chudng 20 tan/ha, N:P:K 160 :80:80 kg/ha. Ridng ed hp dau lupng N ehi bdn 60kg N/ha giai doan cay con. Tudi nude eho cd trong giai doan miia khd. Dien tich xdy dung mo hinh: 15 ha. Npi dung xdy dung mo hinh - Chuyen giao gid'ng cd nang sudt, ehdt lupng cao tdi cac hd tham gia lam md hinh. - (Jng dung mdt so bidn phap ky thuat tham canh ed (tudi nude, bdn phan). - Tdng kd't md hinh, tinh hidu qua kinh td'. • t t Phuang phdp tien hdnh - Tham khao phucmg phap '"Phat trien ky thudt cdy thicc dn xanh vdi hp nong ddd' ciia Peter.M.Home va Werner Stur (2000). - To chiic tham quan, hpc tap kinh nghidm cac md hinh trdng cd ehan nudi trdu bd theo hudng trang trai. - Chpn hd ndng dan tu nguydn tham gia xay dung md hinh theo tidu ehi tham canh (tudi nude, bdn phan) so sanh vdi nhung bidn phap ky thuat truyen thdng nhan dan vdn lam. - Tap huan ky thudt trdng cd va chd' bid'n thtic an thd xanh cho cac hd tham gia md hinh va mdt sd hd ndng dan khde trong tieu viing xdy dung md hinh. ^^^^ - Cir can bd khuye'n ndng true tid'p chi dao, hudng ddn ky thudt cho cac hd d mdi dja ban - Theo ddi danh gia mdt sd chi tidu ve sd Ilia cdt, cao tham, nang suat chat xanh eiia eae gid'ng, hach loan hidu qua kinh te' eua md hinh. Thdi gian vd dia diem xdy dung .. . - : . .-f.! . u » Tir thdng 3 / 2 0 0 5 dd'n thdng 8 / 2 0 0 6 . ^' • . . , ..ir" - Dia diem: 3 xa Linh Thdng, Son Phu va Tdn Ducmg (Huyen Dinh Hod - Thai Nguydn). 52 NGUYEN WAN QUANG-Kei qua xdy dung md hinh... KET QUA X A Y DUNG MO HINH Kit qud tham quan vd tap hudn ky thudt Kit qud td chuc tham quan hgc tap - Bd m6n Ddng cd - Vidn Chan nudi kd't hpp vdi Phdng ndng nghidp & phdt trien n6ng thdn huyen Djnh Hoa td chirc cho 100 hd nong dan va can bp cdc xa xay dimg m6 hinh tham quan, hpc tap kinh nghidm tai cac eo sd ehan nudi tap trung va hd gia dinh ndng dan ve trdng va ehe bid'n thtic an xanh de ehan nudi trau, bd d Phd Ydn, Sdng (idng. Qua dd da giiip eho ba eon ndng dan hpc bdi dupc kinh nghidm thuc te, dp dung vao dieu kidn ciia gia dinh minh. Kit qud tap hudn ky thudt. - Bd mdn Ddng ed - Vidn Chan nudi bidn soan tdi lieu tap hudn va phdi hpp vdi Phdng NN&PTNT huyen to chire 2 ldn tap hudn ky thuat eho hp n6ng dan vdi tdng sd 300 lupt ngudi tham gia tai cac diem xay dung md hinh. -t- Ldn 1: sau khi xdc djnh dja didm va chpn hp, chuong trinh td chire tap huan ky thuat trdng cay thii'c an xanh trudc khi chuydn giao gid'ng xudng eae md hinh. + Ldn 2: sau khi ede md hinh trdng ed budc vao thu cdt, tie'n hanh tap huan ky thuat thu cdt va che bid'n, bao quan thiie an thd xanh eho gia siie du trir vao miia d6ng. Kd't qua eua cac ldn tap hudn dupc cdn bp va nhdn dan dja phuong danh gia cao vd phucmg phdp va ndi dung tap hudn, dap ung dupc nguydn vpng eiia ngudi dan. Kit qud xdy dung md hinh Dien tich trdng cd ciia mo hinh. , , , Bang 5: Didn tich trdng ed, lupng gid'ng cdp va ty Id giiia ede gid'ng Gid'ng ed Didn tich (ha) Lupng gid'ng (kg) Ty Id didn tich (%) Cd voi 11,2 74,7 31.218 Cd ghind 2,2 4.950 14,7 0,8 Cd paspalum (hat) 5,3 1,5 Keo giau (hat) 0,5 3,3 1,4 0,3 Stylo (hat) 2,0 1,8 15,0 Cong 100 Ty Id cd voi ehid'm phdn Idn didn tich (74,7%), sau dd la ed ghind TD58 (14,7%), Paspalum (5,3%). Hai gid'ng cd bd dau ed didn tich thdp nhdt do mdi dua vao thir nghiem. TT I 2 3 4 5 Ndng sudt cua cdc gidng cd dua vdo mo hinh Bang 6 : Nang sudt chdt xanh thu dupc eua cac gid'ng ed (tdn/halndm) TT I Gid'ng ed Cd voi Liira cdt Xa Son Phii Linh 'ni6ng Tan Ducmg Trung binh 5 319 325 315 320 7 152 154 144 2 Cd ghind 3 Cd paspalum 6 181 184 176 180 4 Keo giau 4 .56 58 52 55 5 Stylo 4 62 66 59 62 ' 150 53 VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tap chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - So 7 - Thang 8-2007 So Ilia cdt cua cac gid'ng cd tai 3 xa la nhu nhau vdi nang suat chd't xanh eua cac gid'ng chenh lech nhau khdng Idn. Nang sudt chd't xanh thu dupe trong dieu kien thdm canh eiia eae gid'ng ed nam thii nhat dat kha eao. Cac gid'ng cd hoa thao dat nang suat chat xanh tir 150-320 ta'n/ha/nam, cao hem so vdi ky thuat trdng thdng thudng ciia ndng dan tir 50 de'n 60%. Hai gid'ng ed bd dau nang suat chat xanh dat 55-62 tan/ha/nam. Theo Nguydn Thj Miii (2004) va Ld Xuan Ddng (2005), nang sudt cua cac gid'ng ed hda thao thu dupc d trong md hinh tai Thai Nguydn va Ba Vi tir 120 dd'n 290ta'n/ha/nam, ed hp dau thu dupe 50-60tdn/ha/nam. Kdi qua thu dupe eua ehiing tdi Id eao hem. ; • ^-i ' Bang 7: Nang suat VCK, protein eua cac gid'ng ed trdng trong md hinh TT Gid'ng ed NS VCK (tdn/ha) NS Protein (tdn/ha) 1 Cd voi . 40,0 4,2 2 Cd ghine 25,0 ...... 2,2 3 Cd paspalum 2,9 27,9 4 Keo giau 13,7. ,,, 3,4 , .,, 5 Stylo 2,4 15,9 Nang suat vat chat khd cua cac gid'ng ed trdng trong md hinh thu dupc tir 13,7 dd'n 40,0 ta'n/ha/nam, cao hem la nhdm cd hoa thao nhung ty Id nang sudt Protein eua nhdm ed bd dau lai cao hon nhdm cd boa thao. Day la ngudn thiic an bd sung ed dinh dudng cao rat tdt eho gia siic phat trien. Cdn trdng vdi ty Id thich hpp gid'ng cd bd dau trong eo cau didn tich trdng cay thiic an xanh d mdi eo sd ehan nudi Bang 8: Udc tinh so lupng gia sue nudi dupe/ha ed trdng TT 1 2 3 4 5 ' ' *' ^ ^ C Gid'ng ed NS VCK (tan/ha) SL bd nudi/ha (P: 200-250kg) 40,0 22 Cd voi Cd ghind 25,0 . 1 4 • Cd paspalum 27,9 16 Keo gidu 13,7 " - ' Stylo 15,9 Nhu vay vdi 1 ha trdng cd tham canh ed thd' nudi 14-22 con trau bd ed khdi lucmg trung binh 200-250kg (tuy theo gid'ng ed). Hieu qud sdn xudt ciia md hinh ' • "' :' ; . Bang 9: Hach loan hidu qua san xudt va hieu qua kinh td' cua md hinh Loai hinh san xuat Trdng 2 vu liia/nam Trdng ed/nam I.Chi phi san xuat (trieu ddng) 15.495 38.620 Nguydn vat lieu 8.205 23.200 Cdng lao ddng 7.290 15.420 2. San lupng/nam (tdn/ha) 10 , _ .., J2Q : • 3. Tdng thu (trieu ddng) 23 64 4. Lai/ha/nam 7,505 25,38 5. Lai/Chi phi (%) : 65,72 Ghi chii: Gid lita tinh 2.300d/kg, Gid cd xanh 200d/kg Khoan muc 54 NGUYEN VAN QUANG - Kei qud xdy dung md hinh... So sanh hidu qua giira 2 md hinh trdng liia va trdng ed cho tha'y: - Thu nhap eiia 1 ha vdi 2 vu liia la 23 trieu ddng trong khi thu nhap tir trdng ed la 64 trieu ddng. Hidu qua kinh te eho 1 ha trdng cd eao gap 1,35 ldn so vdi Iha trdng liia. - Trdng cd dd' ehan nudi bd thjt, hidu qua kinh td' dupe the hidn qua bang 10. Bang 10: Hidu qua eua md hinh trdng ed ehan nudi bd thjt Cd voi Ghind Paspalum 22 14 16 Tang trpng/nam (kg) 3.960 2.520 2.880 Tien thu tang trpng bd (trieu ddng) 118,8 75,6 86,4 Thu tien phan bdn (trieu ddng) 19,8 12,6 14.4 138,6 88,2 700,5 Thiirc an xanh (trieu ddng) 11,4 15,5 14,8 Thire an tinh (trieu ddng) 23,7 15,1 17.3 Thii y (trieu ddng) 0,8 0,5 0,6 Cdng lao ddng (trieu ddng) 11,8 7,6 8,6 Tdng chi (trieu ddng) 47,7 38,7 41,3 49,5 90,9 III. Chdnh lech thu ehi (trieu ddng) Ghi chii: Tdng trong binh c/udn 0,5kg/con/ngay. Gia ban 35.000d/kg thit hai. 59,5 Didn giai l.Thu So lupng bd nudi (eon) Tdng thu (trieu ddng) II. Chi Vdi I ha trdng ed de chan nudi bd thjt thi 1 nam theo tinh loan so bd cho thdy: gia trj thu dupe tuy vao timg gid'ng ed. Trdng ed voi thu dupc 90,9 trieu, ghine 49,5 trieu, paspalum 59,5 trieu. Ngoai ra edn tao ra edng an vide lam eho ngudi dan, gdp phdn phat trien kinh te theo hudng ben viing. KET LUAN VA DE NGHI. Kit ludn - Md hinh trdng ed tham canh cho nang suat chat xanh eao trdn dem vj didn tich. Nang sudt ehdt xanh thu dupc cao hon so vdi trdng thdng thudng 40-50%. Nam thir nhat cd voi cd the dat 320 tan/ha, cd ghine TD58 150 tdn/ha, paspalum 180ta'n/ha, stylo 62 tan/ha, keo giau 55 ta'n/ha. 1 ha ed the nudi dupe 14-22 eon trau, bd tuy theo gid'ng ed. - Hidu qua kinh td' eiia mo binh trdng ed tham canh thu nhap cao hem 1,35 lan so vdi trdng 2 vu liia. Ndu trdng ed nudi bd thjt, thu nhap binh quan 49,5-90,9 trieu ddng /ha/nam, cao hon hdn so vdi trdng liia. Di nghi - Ap dung bidn phdp ky thuat trdng cd tham canh trdn didn rdng dd thiic ddy phat tridn chan nudi gia sue an ed trong huyen. - Kdi hpp bidn phap che bid'n, bao quan thire an thd xanh, trong dd tan dung ngu6n phu phdm ndng nghidp de ehii ddng hem trong vide dam bao dii va deu thire an eho gia sue trong nam, giam chi phi thire an, tang hidu qua kinh te trong md hinh chan nudi. 55 VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - 86' 7 - Thang 8-2007 T A I LIEU THAM K H A O • Bao cao t6ng kei nganh nong nghiep huyen Dinh Hoa nam 2005. , . : .MH* .(;>:> Le Xuan Dong, Pham Thi Kidm va Dao Dure Bien (2005) - Nghien cun xay dung md hinh thur nghifim tham canh, xen canh co hoa thao, ho dau trong he thong canh tac phuc vu chan nuoi bo sira tai Ba Vi Nguyen thi Mui, Nguydn Van Lgi va Dang Dinh Hanh (2004) - Nghien ciai xay dung mo hinh thur nghiem tham canh, xen canh co hoa thao, ho dau trong he thong canh tac phuc vu san xua't thirc an xanh cho gia siic an CO tai Thai Nguyen Nguyen Xuan Trucrng, Le Van NghTa, Le Qu6c Phong, Nguydn Dang NghTa (2000) - S6 tay sir dung phan bon, NXB N6ng nghiep TPHCM. Peter.M.Home va Wemer Stur, Phat trien ky thuat cay thiic an xanh vdi ho nong dan. Nguoi dich: Le Van An. chuyen khao so 71 do ACIAR va CIAT xua't ban, 2000./. ..-•• 1 ' . ' ..'"l;'' . :' :^r''' i : >:> , 1 1'! ' i < \t\Vi ; ... . .,. M A •>. ..: V 1, 56 • : :njil ',('» - .: , i' : • u . , , . A -. I'j..-! -