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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1187-1191 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.143 Influence on Foliar Nutrition on Yield Attributes and Yield of Rice Fallow Cow Pea R. Jeyajothi1, V. Jothika2, M. Rakesh2, T. Aswathkumar2 and S. Mohan kumar2 1 2 College of Agricultural Technology, Theni, India Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural Technology, Theni, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Foliar nutrition, Cow pea, Yield, Sea weed liquid fertilizer, Pod length and yield attributes Article Info Accepted: 08 June 2018 Available Online: 10 July 2018 A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar nutrition on Yield attributes and yield of rice fallow Cow pea at College Of Agricultural Technology, Kullapuram, Theni, during summer 2018. These treatments consist of different organic and inorganic foliar nutrition’s were applied. Results revealed that the yield attributes viz., seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length and 100 seed weight, seed yield and bhusa yield were noticed in rice fallow cowpea due to the application of recommended NPKS + 2% DAP + 2% Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (T6) compared to rest of the treatments. Introduction Cow pea has multiple uses like food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. An important component of farming system in resource constraints agriculture, this legume has great potential in India for successful cultivation in kharif and summer in northern India and throughout the year in peninsular India. Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, and cheap livestock feed as well. The seed contains protein 22-24 %, Iron 0.005%, Calcium 0.08-0.11% and Essential amino acids contains lysine, leucine and phenylalanine in higher amount. It also leave 30-40 Kg N/ha in the soil for the succeeding crop (Pulses in India Retrospect and Prospects-2016). In India, cowpea is grown as sole, inter-crop, mix-crop and in agro-forestry combinations. In Indian context, it is a minor pulse cultivated mainly in arid and semi arid tracts of Rajasthan, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat. In North India, it is grown in pockets of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and West UP along with considerable area in Rajasthan (Pulses in India Retrospect and Prospects-2016). India occupies an area of 3.9 million hectares with production of 2.2 million 1187 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1187-1191 tonnes and productivity of 564 kg ha-1 (Kurer et al., 2010). Rice fallows are widely distributed in rainfed eco-system of Eastern, Central and Peninsular India, besides North Eastern Hilly region. Coastal region like Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu accounts 1.52 m ha. Short-duration varieties of pulses like lentil, mungbean, urdbean, lathyrus, field peas and oilseeds such as mustard, groundnut, linseed, niger, safflower and sesame etc, could be profitably cultivated in Rabi/Summer season in rice fallows. In addition, pulses and groundnut being leguminous crops will also help in restoration of soil health through nitrogen fixation. Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan (2009),reported that lower concentration (20%) of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Sargassum wightii extract promoted the shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, α- amylase and β-amylase activities in Abelmoschus esculentus. Keeping this view, the present study was carried out to study the “Influence on foliar nutrition on yield attributes and yield of rice fallow Cow pea under rice fallow condition” during summer 2018. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted on “Influence on foliar nutrition on yield attributes and yield of rice fallow Cow pea under rice fallow condition during summer 2018 at College of Agricultural Technology, Kullapuram, Theni and belongs to the Southern agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. The experimental site is situated at 10 º5’ North latitude and 77 º 5’ East longitude at an altitude of 540 m from Mean Sea Level. Cowpea variety (CO 7) was selected as a test crop. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations with DAP (2%), urea (2%), TNAU Pulse Wonder (2 kg), Humic acid (2%), Panchagavya (2%), Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (2%), PPFM (1%) and Polyfeed (1%) which are laid out Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatment details are T1- NPKS + 2% DAP; T2 – T1 + 2% urea; T3 - T1+ TNAU Pulse Wonder (2 kg); T4- T1 + 2% Humic acid; T5- T1 + 2 % Panchagavya; T6- T1 + Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (2 %); T7- T1 + PPFM (1%); T8- T1 + Polyfeed (1%); T9NPKS alone. Soil available nutrients (NPK), soil pH and EC determined by standard procedures laid out by Jakson (1973)[3]. Fischer’s method of analysis of variance was used for analysis and interpretation of the data as outlined by Panse and Sukhatme (1985)[6]. Results and Discussion Yield attributes Application of fertilizer to both preceding rice as well as basal application to cowpea significantly influenced the grain yield of rice fallow cowpea. Rice fallow cowpea applied with NPKS + 2% DAP along with Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (T6) recorded the highest number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length and 100 seed weight value of 17.35, 21.83, 18.10 cm and 16.89 g which is followed by NPKS + 2% DAP along with 2% Humic acid (16.71, 20.68, 17.02 cm and 15.67 g) whereas NPKS alone founded the lowest value of 11.89, 17.30, 1210 cm and 13.03 g respectively (Table 1 and 2). Adequate and continuous nutrient availability through soil and foliar nutrition promotes the supply of assimilates to sink or yield container, thus enlarging the size of the yield structure. The findings of Raghuwanshi et al., (1993), Hamayun and Chaudhary (2004) and Muhammad Hamayun et al., (2011) are in conformity the results of present study. 1188 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1187-1191 Table.1 Effect of foliar nutrient on yield attributes of rice fallow cowpea Treatments No. of pods plant-1 No. of seeds pod-1 Pod length 100 g wt T1 – NPKS + 2% DAP 19.44 13.84 14.80 14.55 T2 – T1 + 2% Urea 19.48 12.51 13.10 14.37 T3 – T1 + TNAU PW 20.53 14.81 14.53 14.83 T4 – T1+ 2% Humic acid 20.68 16.71 17.02 15.67 T5 – T1 + 2% Panchakavya 20.22 15.85 16.10 14.16 T6 – T1 + 2 % SLF 21.83 17.35 18.10 16.89 T7 – T1+ 1% PPFM 18.50 12.35 12.40 13.76 12.85 13.53 13.93 13.03 T8 – T1+ 1 % PF 18.43 T9 – NPKS alone 17.30 11.89 12.10 SEd 1.77 2.27 1.98 NS CD 3.75 4.83 4.20 NS Table.2 Effect of foliar nutrient on grain yield kg ha-1, bhusa yield kg ha-1, harvest index (%) of rice fallow cowpea Treatments Grain yield Bhusa yield Harvest index T1 – NPKS + 2% DAP 1339 2951 31.08 T2 – T1 + 2% Urea 1273 2945 30.25 T3 – T1 + TNAU PW 1368 3255 30.49 T4 – T1+ 2% Humic acid 1473 3682 30.89 T5 – T1 + 2% Panchakavya 1452 3499 30.01 T6 – T1 + 2 % SLF 1600 4445 31.74 T7 – T1+ 1% PPFM 1041 2185 29.57 T8 – T1+ PF 1257 2765 29.32 T9 – NPKS alone 1031 1896 39.05 S Ed 290 434 3.14 CD 616 892 NS 1189 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1187-1191 Yield The residual effect of different nutrient management practices under both cultivation methods practiced for rice crop were influenced the yield of black gram significantly during experimentation. The higher seed yield and bhusa yield of 1598 kg ha-1and 4445 kg ha-1 respectively were obtained in the treatment with NPKS + 2% DAP along with Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (T6) which is followed by 1473 kg ha-1 and 3682 kg ha-1 respectively on foliar application of NPKS + 2% DAP along with 2% Humic acid whereas NPKS alone recorded the lowest seed yield and bhusa yield of 1031 kg ha-1 and 1896 kg ha-1 respectively. The impact of the foliar nutrients (macro and micro) to meet the nutrient demand of the crop at the critical stage on-site availability, where they are needed without stress, would have resulted in better growth and development of the crop and ultimately the yield attributing characters and yield. The balanced growth habit, which induced more flower and fruiting body production with timely supply of nutrients through foliar spray, might have reduced shedding of flowers and fruits, which led to a positive source-sink gradient of photosynthates translocation due to growth regulator on the other hand. These favourable effects might have attributed to higher yield of cowpea under the foliar spray of nutrients and growth regulators. This finding is in line with the results of Manivannan et al., (2003)[4] who had recorded higher grain yield of cowpea by foliar application of microsol (NPK with micronutrients). It is concluded that the result showed that foliar application along with recommended NPKS + 2% DAP + 2%Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer significantly enhanced the yield attributes like seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length and 100 seed weight, seed yield and bhusa yield of higher in the treatment. It could be concluded that among the various foliar nutrition, combination of NPKS + 2% DAP + 2%Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer for suitable for farmers for achieving higher yield in cow pea production under rice fallow condition. 1190 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 1187-1191 References Bastia DK, Garnayak LM and Barik T. Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa) – based cropping systems for higher productivity, resource-use efficiency and economics. Indain J. Agronomy. 2008;53(1): 22-26. Hamayun M and Chaudhary MF. Effect of foliar and soil application of NPK on different growth parameters and nodulation in lentil. Sarhad J. Agric. 2004;20: 103–111. Jackson ML, Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1973. Manivannan V and Thanunathan K. Effect of foliar nutrition of major and chelated micronutrients and Rhizobium seed treatment on rice-fallow blackgram. Madras Agric. J. 2003; 90(4-6): 344347. 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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(07): 1187-1191. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.143 1191