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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.200 Influence of Seed Treatments and Packaging Materials on Seed Quality Parameters during Storage in Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) Chelakani Srujana*, Ajay Kumar Pandey and A. K. Chaurasia Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Buckwheat, Neem oil, Carbendazim, Polythene bag, Cloth bag Article Info Accepted: 18 July 2020 Available Online: 10 August 2020 A storage experiment was conducted to understand the effect of seed treatments and packaging materials on seed quality parameters of Buckwheat genotypes during storage at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P during 2019-2020.The Experiment. Consists of five genotypes viz, IC13140(G1), IC-13143(G2), IC-13144(G3), IC-13191(G4) –IC-13412(G5). Seeds were treated with Neem oil at 5 ml/kg (T 1) and carbendazim at 2 g/kg (T 2) and seed alone with control ( untreated T0) and packed in polythene bag (C1) and cloth bag (C2) and maintained for 9 months under ambient conditions. The results clearly revealed that seeds of IC-13143 (G2) treated with neem oil which were stored in polythene bag were found high germination percent (82.75 %), root length (12.25 cm), shoot length (9.97 cm), seedling length (22.22 cm), fresh weight (0.8 g), dry weight (0.07 g), vigour index-I (1839.2), vigour index-II (5.38) and viability (70). Introduction Buckwheat (Fagropyrum esculentum L) is an annual crop, it is a pseudo cereal but its grains belong to cereals because of their similar use and chemical composition (Campbell, 1997). It is a multipurpose crop. The tender shoots are used as leafy vegetables. Buckwheat grains are an important source of microelements, such as: Zn, Cu, Mn, Se (Stibilj et al., 2004), and macro elements: K, Na, Ca, Mg (Wei et al., 2003). Losses in seed quality occur during field weathering, harvesting and storage due to which seeds get damaged. If seeds are exposed to high temperature and high humidity, the incidence of microflora is mainly responsible for the degradation of protein and other food reserve resulting in reduction in viability, vigour and germination. To combat these factors, it is better to store the seeds in moisture impervious containers like polythene bag and some are moisture pervious container like cloth bag to maintain the quality for longer period. Indiscriminate use of Chemical and their residual toxicity adversely affect the seed quality. Many of synthetic chemicals look effective but they are not readily degradable physically or biologically which yield more toxic residues. Hence, the feasible approach is the treatment 1738 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 of seeds with botanicals which are safe, economical, eco-friendly, cheap, easily locally available and non-harmful to seeds, animals and human beings. It will be of immense use to the farming community. Therefore, the present investigation was taken up to study the effect of seed treatments on seed quality characters of buckwheat genotypes during storage. Materials and Methods The experiment was laid down in CRD with four replications. The Buckwheat seeds IC13140 (G1), IC-13143 (G2), IC-13144 (G3), IC-13191 (G4) and IC-13412 (G5) were dried to bring down the moisture content to 10-12 % before proceeding for storage. Seed was treated with Neem oil at 5 ml/kg (T1), Carbendazim at 2 g/kg T2) with local control (T0) stored for 9 months at ambient room temperature in the seed testing Laboratory of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Allahabad with packed in packaging materials viz polythene bag, cloth bag. Results and Discussion Germination percent The significant differences with respect to treatments were observed in Table 1. The seeds of IC-13143 (G2) genotype treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum germination percent (82.75%) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (82.70%) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). Now a day’s botanicals are widely used in place of fungicides and pesticides for seed treatment to protect seeds against pests and diseases during storage. The present results are in close agreement with the reports of Hanegave (2009) in wheat. Root length The effect of seed treatments on root length (cm) was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 1). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean root length (12.25 cm) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (12.05 cm) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). The beneficial influence noticed with these botanicals may be related to their protective nature, antifungal, insecticidal property besides synergistic effect with amino acids in germinating seeds to protect the root apical meristems tissue from damage and enhance longitudinal root growth, Dileepkumar et al., (2009) in cowpea; Raikar et al., (2011) in Rice; Nargis and Thiagarajan (1991); Paul and Mishra (1994); Samuel et al., (2008). Shoot length The effect of seed treatments on shoot length (cm) was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 1). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean shoot length (9.97 cm) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (9.95 cm) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). Similar beneficial results with other different botanicals on germination were reported by Ntonifor et al., (2011) in rice. Seedling length The effect of seed treatments on seedling length (cm) was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 2). 1739 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 Table.1 Effect of different treatments on Germination %, Root length and Shoot length of various genotypes of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) stored in Polythene bags and Cloth bags Germination % Variety 3 Month 6 Month Root Length 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month Shoot Length 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month 9 Month C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 T0G1 91.25 91.25 80.5 80.5 77.25 77.25 13.67 12.57 10.75 9.85 8.85 7.77 9.4 8.3 8.05 7 7.175 6.075 T0G2 96.75 96.5 77.25 77.25 78.25 78.25 10.17 9.07 8.15 7.1 5.75 5.5 8.85 7.75 7.95 6.9 6.95 5.9 T0G3 96 95 78.25 78.25 74 74 7.5 7.3 7.05 6 6.25 5.2 9.725 8.625 8.95 7.9 6.975 5.95 T0G4 93.5 93.25 75.25 75.25 72.5 72.5 12.95 11.9 9.25 8.15 7.55 6.5 9.5 8.4 8.4 7.3 6.9 5.8 T0G5 98.75 99 92.5 92.5 73.25 73 11.25 10.25 9.15 8.1 7.97 6.95 8.45 7.35 7.95 6.9 6.175 5.075 T1G1 97.75 97.75 88.5 87 82.70 77.25 13.94 12.9 12.55 11.45 12.05 11 11.6 10.5 10.1 9.025 9.95 8.7 T1G2 98.5 97.5 84.5 83 82.75 78.25 14.75 13.7 12.85 11.75 12.25 11.12 11.5 10.4 10.1 9 9.975 8.9 T1G3 98.25 97.25 92.5 91 80.25 74 14.82 13.8 12.17 11.07 11.97 10.95 11.95 10.9 10.12 9.025 8.95 7.9 T1G4 96.5 95.75 91.5 90 80.5 72.5 13.45 12.4 11.85 10.8 11.55 10.5 11.6 10.5 9.95 8.9 8.8 7.7 T1G5 98 97 93.25 92.25 80 73.25 13.8 12.8 11.65 10.6 11.17 10.1 10.95 9.9 10.1 9 8.95 7.9 T2G1 97.75 96.75 91.5 90.5 78.25 77.5 13.65 12.6 11.95 10.85 9.85 8.8 10.3 9.2 9.1 8 7.95 6.9 T2G2 97 96 84.5 83.75 79 77.5 13.05 12 9.15 8.05 6.85 5.75 9.95 8.9 8.95 7.9 7.6 6.5 T2G3 93.25 92.5 91.5 90.5 74.25 73.25 11.67 10.57 8.25 7.1 7.32 6.25 10.9 9.8 9.4 8.3 7.975 6.95 T2G4 98.5 97.5 75.5 74 73.5 72 13.12 12.02 10.55 9.45 8.75 7.7 10.85 8.75 9.6 8.5 7.9 6.8 T2G5 97.5 96.5 87.5 86.5 75 73.75 12.45 11.4 10.97 9.95 10.5 9.5 9.9 8.8 9.15 8.05 7.95 6.9 Mean 96.61 95.96 85.63 84.81 77.43 74.95 12.68 11.68 10.41 9.35 9.24 8.24 10.36 9.20 9.19 8.11 8.01 6.93 SE± 0.64 0.42 1.22 0.53 1.01 0.6 0.49 0.20 0.38 0.17 0.45 0.15 0.072 0.06 0.062 0.03 0.03 0.08 CV 1.32 0.33 2.84 1.25 2.60 1.60 7.88 3.45 7.38 3.72 9.94 3.74 1.40 1.51 1.35 0.77 0.77 2.50 CD 0.91 0.60 1.73 0.75 1.44 0.85 0.71 0.28 0.54 0.24 0.65 0.21 0.104 0.09 0.088 0.04 0.04 0.12 1740 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 Table.2 Effect of different treatments on Seedling length, Fresh weight and Dry weight of various genotypes of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) stored in Polythene bags and Cloth bags Seedling Length Variet y 3 Month 6 Month Fresh Weight 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month Dry Weight 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month 9 Month C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 T0G1 23.07 20.87 18.8 16.85 16.02 13.85 0.95 0.8 0.57 0.475 0.5 0.4 0.052 0.04 0.04 0.022 0.02 0.012 T0G2 19.02 16.82 16.1 14 12.7 11.4 0.85 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.47 0.37 0.052 0.032 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.015 T0G3 17.22 15.92 16 13.9 13.22 11.15 0.55 0.4 0.35 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.055 0.045 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.012 T0G4 22.45 20.3 17.65 15.45 14.45 12.3 0.95 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.42 0.32 0.052 0.037 0.04 0.025 0.02 0.012 T0G5 19.7 17.6 17.1 15 14.15 12.02 0.6 0.47 0.4 0.3 0.35 0.25 0.065 0.055 0.04 0.027 0.03 0.015 T1G1 25.54 23.4 22.65 20.47 22 19.7 1.15 1 0.95 0.85 0.7 0.6 0.085 0.082 0.07 0.057 0.06 0.045 T1G2 26.25 24.1 22.95 20.75 22.22 20.02 1.15 1.05 0.98 0.87 0.8 0.7 0.085 0.08 0.07 0.057 0.07 0.05 T1G3 26.77 24.7 22.3 20.1 20.92 18.85 1.05 1 0.9 0.8 0.67 0.57 0.085 0.077 0.07 0.057 0.06 0.043 T1G4 25.05 22.9 21.8 19.7 20.35 18.2 0.99 0.87 0.8 0.7 0.65 0.55 0.09 0.082 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.035 T1G5 24.75 22.7 21.75 19.6 20.12 18 0.98 0.85 0.75 0.65 0.65 0.57 0.085 0.075 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.035 T2G1 23.95 21.8 21.05 18.85 17.8 15.7 0.99 0.87 0.65 0.55 0.55 0.45 0.054 0.042 0.04 0.032 0.03 0.017 T2G2 23 20.9 18.1 15.95 14.45 12.25 0.87 0.75 0.55 0.45 0.5 0.4 0.048 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.021 T2G3 22.57 20.37 17.65 15.4 15.3 13.2 0.57 0.45 0.4 0.3 0.35 0.25 0.057 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.022 T2G4 23.97 20.77 20.15 17.95 16.65 14.5 0.99 0.87 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.025 0.02 0.022 T2G5 22.35 20.2 20.12 18 18.45 16.4 0.65 0.5 0.45 0.35 0.4 0.3 0.067 0.06 0.04 0.027 0.03 0.015 Mean 23.04 20.89 19.61 17.46 17.25 15.17 0.88 0.76 0.63 0.53 0.52 0.42 0.065 0.056 0.05 0.036 0.03 0.024 SE± 0.51 0.20 0.39 0.26 0.45 0.17 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.0035 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 CV 4.43 1.98 4.04 3.02 5.24 2.36 12.7 15.89 16.08 16.93 19.88 24.69 10.55 14.02 17.21 24.50 33.11 44.64 CD 0.72 0.29 0.56 0.37 0.64 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.073 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 1741 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 Table.3 Effect of different treatments on Vigour Index-I, Vigour Index-II and Viability of various genotypes of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) stored in Polythene bags and Cloth bags Vigour Index-I Varie ty 3 Month 6 Month Vigour Index-II 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month Viability 9 Month 3 Month 6 Month 9 Month C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 T0G1 2103.85 1904.7 1512.4 1356.42 1238.62 1069.7 4.79 3.64 3.435 1.81 1.82 0.96 82 70 62 50 46 34 T0G2 1840.5 1623.57 1244.5 1081.85 993.65 892.35 5.07 3.12 2.32 1.54 1.74 1.17 84 72 64 52 48 36 T0G3 1653.75 1512.87 1252.0 1087.67 978.2 825.02 5.27 4.27 3.32 2.34 1.29 0.92 86 74 62 50 50 38 T0G4 2099.1 1893.1 1327.1 1162.65 1048.65 891.75 4.91 3.49 3.192 1.88 1.63 0.90 88 76 62 50 52 40 T0G5 1944.9 1742.32 1580.6 1387.52 1036.15 877.95 6.41 5.44 3.69 2.545 1.84 1.09 82 70 64 52 45 32 T1G1 2497.73 2287.32 2005.7 1781.35 1820 1537.97 8.3 8.06 5.96 5.002 4.55 3.47 92 80 74 62 70 57 T1G2 2585.25 2349.97 1939.6 1722.05 1839.2 1551.37 8.36 7.79 6.12 4.772 5.38 3.91 88 76 76 64 70 58 T1G3 2631.3 2402.07 2063.2 1828.75 1678.52 1394.95 8.35 7.53 6.70 5.225 4.40 3.14 92 80 72 60 68 56 T1G4 2417.67 2192.57 1994.8 1773 1637.52 1319.8 8.68 7.9 7.09 6.305 3.99 2.53 94 82 76 65 68 56 T1G5 2424.42 2201.92 2028.1 1808.72 1610.12 1318.52 8.33 7.27 6.04 4.62 3.62 2.56 92 80 72 60 64 52 T2G1 2341.2 2109.15 1926.3 1705.9 1393.35 1216.82 5.35 4.11 3.88 2.942 1.94 1.36 88 76 68 56 52 40 T2G2 2231.025 2006.67 1529.9 1335.67 1141 949.37 4.70 3.83 2.75 1.672 1.58 1.66 90 78 70 58 56 44 T2G3 2104.7 1884.77 1615.0 1393.37 1135.57 966.75 5.36 4.62 3.89 2.712 1.23 1.65 88 76 68 56 58 46 T2G4 2361.47 2025.65 1521.9 1328.32 1222.57 1044.02 4.93 3.89 3.20 1.867 1.66 1.61 90 78 72 60 60 48 T2G5 2179.15 1949.15 1759.8 1556.75 1383.52 1209.27 6.58 5.78 3.71 2.3 1.87 1.10 92 78 70 58 54 42 Mean 2227.7 2005.72 1686.75 1487.33 1343.77 1137.71 6.36 5.38 3.35 3.17 2.64 1.87 88.53 76.4 68.8 56.8 57.4 45.2 SE± 49.42 22.64 40.88 23.29 34.73 18.70 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.39 0.43 0.47 0.52 0.46 0.46 0.35 0.39 0.41 CV 4.43 2.25 4.84 3.13 5.16 3.28 10.35 13.84 16.98 24.69 33.16 44.74 1.19 1.22 1.34 1.24 1.37 1.84 CD 70.52 32.3 58.34 33.23 49.56 26.69 0.47 0.53 0.52 0.55 0.62 0.59 0.75 0.66 0.66 0.50 0.56 0.59 1742 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean seedling length (22.22 cm) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (22.0 cm) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). quality is judged by seedling vigour parameters like root and shoot length, vigour index and seedling dry weight. Generally, higher the seedling length, vigour index and seedling dry weight, higher is the seed quality. Vigour Index- II Fresh Weight The effect of seed treatments on Fresh weight (g) was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 2). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean fresh weight (0.8 g) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (0.7 g) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). Dry weight The effect of seed treatments on dry weight (cm) was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 2). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean dry weight (0.07 g) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (0.06 g) and IC13144 (G3) (0.06 g) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). Vigour Index- I The effect of seed treatments on Vigour Index- I was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 3). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean Vigour Index- I (1839.2) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (1820) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). The results are similar to the findings of seedling of Asawalam et al., (2008). Seed The effect of seed treatments on Vigour Index- II was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 3). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean Vigour Index- II (5.38) followed by seeds of IC-13140 (G1) (4.55) treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). Viability The effect of seed treatments on Viability was significant after 9 months of storage periods (Table 3). Results revealed that the seeds of IC-13143 (G2) and IC-13140 (G1) among all the genotypes and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg) stored in polythene bag recorded maximum mean Viability (70.00) followed by seeds of IC-13144 (G3) (68) and treated with biocide (Neem oil at 5 ml/kg). It is concluded that from the present investigation in buckwheat of all treated seeds, seeds of IC-13143 (G2) treated with neem oil stored in polythene bag recorded significantly higher seed quality parameters. Seed treatments have a major role in protecting the seed during storage and can also play an important role in achieving uniform seedling emergence under certain conditions. Acknowledgement We sincerely thankful to Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj for 1743 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 1738-1744 providing laboratory facilities and assistance in conducting this research. References Agrawal, P. 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M., Titilayo, A. and Ibrahim, K., 2008, Effect of Fusarian verticilloids, its metabolites and neem leaf extract on germination and vigour indices of maize (Zea mays L.). Afri. J. Btech., 7 (14): 2402-2406 Stibilj V., Kreft I., Smrkolj P., Osvald J. (2004) Enhanced selenium content in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds by foliar fertilisation. European Food Research and Technology, 219:142-144. How to cite this article: Chelakani Srujana, Ajay Kumar Pandey and Chaurasia, A. K. 2020. Influence of Seed Treatments and Packaging Materials on Seed Quality Parameters during storage in Buck wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(08): 1738-1744. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.200 1744