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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2473-2478 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.296 Influence of NAA and GA3 on Yield and Yield Attributing Parameters of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Sabrina under Net Tunnel Sarita Paikra*, Hemant Kumar Panigrahi and Sangeeta Chandrakar Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, (C.G.), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Strawberry, NAA, GA3, Yield, Yield attributing parameters Article Info Accepted: 17 September 2020 Available Online: 10 October 2020 The present investigation “Influence of NAA and GA3 on yield and yield attributing parameters strawberry cv. Sabrina under net tunnel” was carried out at College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) during the year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eleven treatments considering of control. Observations were recorded on different yield and yield attributing parameters like, maximum number of fruits per plant (36.86), maximum fruit length (5.78 cm), fruit width (3.40 cm), fruit weight (35.33g), fruit volume (24.17cc), fruit diameter (4.19 cm), yield (0.81kg per plant) and yield (308.40q/ha). Treatment T3 Gibberellic acid @ 75 ppm gave the best results in terms of different yield attributing parameters, while the minimum was recorded under the treatment T0 (RDF + water spray). Introduction Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) delicious fruit which edible part is succulent thalamus is known as one of the most attractive, nutritious, delicious and refreshing fruit of the world. It belongs to family rosaceae and the most of cultivated varieties are monoecious octaploid (2n=56) hybrid of two largely dioecious, octaploid species, Fragaria chiloensis Duch. and Fragaria virginiana Duch.. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristics aroma, bright red colour, delicate flavour and sweetness. Strawberry is a temperate fruit and cultivated in plains as well as in the hills but the fruit quality is found excellent in hills. Presently in India strawberry is grown in 1000 ha area with production of 5000 million tons (Anon, 2016). The total area under strawberry in world is 242371 ha with production of 4308 million tons (Anon, 2011). Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamin „C‟ and ellagic and vitamin C is a well-known immunity booster, as well as a powerful, fast-working antioxidant. Strawberry fruits are reported to have antioxidant (lutein and zeathancins), 2473 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2473-2478 anticancer due to high fruit polyphenolic content, especially anthocyanins – the type of polyphenols quantitatively most important in strawberry fruits – as well as flavonoids, phenolic acids and vitamin „C‟ (Meyers et al., 2003; Olsson et al., 2004 and Cordenunsi et al., 2005). The use of plant growth regulators has assumed an integral part of modern fruit production to improve the quality and production of fruits and it has resulted in outstanding achievements in a numbers of fruit crops with regard to improvements in yield and quality parameters (Jain and Dashora, 2011). Foliar sprays of NAA have been found to control pre-mature drop of fruit and increasing size of fruit in strawberry. The effect of growth regulators in strawberry on number of fruits, fruit yield, weight of fruit and diameter of fruit have been studied by several workers. Gibberellic acid plays an important role in increasing the yield and yield attributing parameters of strawberry fruit. Materials and Methods An experiment was conducted during the year 2017-18 at the Research Farm of Centre of Excellence on Protected Cultivation and Precision Farming under net tunnel, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.). Raipur lies at 21°25' N latitude and 81° 63' E longitude at an altitude of 298.15 meter above the mean sea level and situated near the central part of Chhattisgarh. Raipur district comes under dry, sub-humid agro-climatic region. The soil of experiment field was clay loam, which is locally known as „Dorsa‟ in the region. After the field preparation of experimental site tissue cultured planting materials of strawberry cv. Sabrina transplanted in uniform plots with 30cm x 30cm planting spacing. Plants were placed in the media to a depth such a way that the crown remains above from the soil surface but all roots were buried thoroughly. The soils around the plants were pressed and light irrigation was provided after the completion of planting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) composed by 11 treatments and each replicated thrice. The treatments consisted eleven different concentrations of plant growth regulators along with recommended dose of fertilizers viz., T0: RDF + Control (water spray), T1: RDF + Gibberellic acid 25 ppm, T2: RDF + Gibberellic acid 50 ppm, T3: RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm, T4: RDF + Gibberellic acid 100 ppm, T5: RDF + Gibberellic acid 125 ppm, T6: RDF + Naphthalene acetic acid 10 ppm, T7: RDF + Naphthalene acetic acid 20 ppm, T8: RDF + Naphthalene acetic acid 30 ppm, T9: RDF + Naphthalene acetic acid 40 ppm, T10: RDF + Naphthalene acetic acid 50 ppm. The plant growth regulators applied at 30 and 45 days after planting on strawberry cv. Sabrina. The plant growth regulators were sprayed upper surface of the plant with the help of knap sack sprayer with fine nozzle having mist droplets. Results and Discussion Number of fruits per plant The maximum number of fruits per plant (36.86) was observed under the treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm) which was found significantly superior from rest of the treatments. The treatments T6, T8 & T9 and T2 & T5 having average number of fruits per plant 27.35, 27.39 & 27.36 and 32.60 & 32.34, respectively found statistically at par with each other. While the minimum number of fruits per plant (24.52) was observed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). Application of GA3 increased number of fruits per plant. Similar results were also 2474 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2473-2478 obtained by Saima et al., (2014) and Thakur et al., (2015) in strawberry (Table 1). Fruit length (cm) The maximum fruit length (5.78 cm) was observed under the treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm), which was recorded superior among all other treatments followed by T4 (5.03 cm). The treatments T9 and T6 having fruit lengths of 4.04 and 4.03 cm, respectively registered statistically at par with each other. However the minimum fruit length (3.55 cm) was observed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). Similar results were supported by the results of Kumar and Tripathi (2009) and Tripathi and Shukla (2010) in strawberry. Fruit width (cm) The maximum fruit width (3.40 cm) was recorded under T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm) which was recorded superior and significant differences among all other treatments under present investigation and followed by T2 & T4, while the minimum fruit width (1.74 cm) was observed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). The treatments T2, T4, T5, T1, T10 & T7 and T6, T9, T8, T1, T10 & T7 having respective fruit width of 2.65, 2.65, 2.54, 2.27, 2.26 & 2.38 and 1.93, 1.94, 2.03, 2.27, 2.26 & 2.38 cm were found statistically non-significant differences with each other at 5 % level of significance under present experiment. Similar results were obtained by Kumar and Tripathi (2009) and Tripathi and Shukla (2010) in strawberry. Table.1 Influence of NAA and GA3 on number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight of strawberry cv. Sabrina under net tunnel Treatments Number of fruits per plant T0 -RDF + Control (Water spray) 24.52a T1 -RDF + GA3 25 ppm Fruit length (cm) Fruit width (cm) Fruit weight (cm) 3.55a 1.74a 21.90a 29.43e 4.38bc 2.27bc 28.11bc T2 -RDF + GA3 50 ppm 32.60g 4.76cd 2.65c 29.58bc T3 -RDF + GA3 75 ppm 36.86f 5.78e 3.40d 35.33d T4 -RDF + GA3 100 ppm 34.36h 5.03d 2.65c 31.40cd T5 -RDF + GA3 125 ppm 32.34g 4.52bcd 2.54c 29.08bc T6 -RDF + NAA 10 ppm 27.35b 4.03ab 1.93ab 26.32b T7 -RDF + NAA 20 ppm 30.23f 4.40bc 2.38bc 28.53bc T8 -RDF + NAA 30 ppm 27.39bc 4.23b 2.03ab 27.23bc T9 -RDF + NAA 40 ppm 27.36bc 4.04ab 1.94ab 27.13bc T10 -RDF + NAA 50 ppm 28.43d 4.28bc 2.26bc 27.96bc SE(m) ± 0.11 0.17 0.16 1.46 C.D. at 5% 0.33 0.51 0.48 4.33 RDF – Recommended dose of fertilizers The superscript letters indicates that the treatment means with same letters are at par at 5% level of significance, while the means with different letters are significantly different at 5% level of significance. These letters have been affixed based on CD- value comparison of treatment means 2475 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2473-2478 Table.2 “Influence of NAA and GA3 on fruit volume (cc), fruit diameter (cm), yield per plant (kg), yield (q/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of strawberry cv. Sabrina under net tunnel” Treatments T0 -RDF + Control (Water spray) T1 -RDF + GA3 25 ppm T2 -RDF + GA3 50 ppm T3 -RDF + GA3 75 ppm T4 -RDF + GA3 100 ppm T5 -RDF + GA3 125 ppm T6 -RDF + NAA 10 ppm T7 -RDF + NAA 20 ppm T8 -RDF + NAA 30 ppm T9 -RDF + NAA 40 ppm T10 -RDF + NAA 50 ppm SE(m) ± C.D. at 5% Fruit volume (cc) 19.92a Fruit diameter (cm) 2.79a Yield per plant (kg) 0.57a 3.12abcd 3.84de 4.19e 3.99e 3.78cde 2.88ab 3.61bcde 3.02abc 3.02abc 3.09abcd 0.26 0.76 0.64bcd 0.71e 0.81f 0.77f 0.71e 0.63bc 0.67bcde 0.63bc 0.63bc 0.64bcd 0.01 0.04 22.06bcde 23.32ef 24.17f 24.08f 22.12bcde 20.53ab 22.11bcde 21.32abcd 20.65abc 21.35abcd 0.66 1.95 Yield (q/ha) 216.03a 256.19abcd 241.00abcd 308.40e 279.20de 239.53abcd 223.40ab 241.13abcd 228.77abc 249.49abcd 259.17bcd 13.98 41.52 B:C ratio 2.02:1a 2.81:1c 3.44:1d 4.02:1f 3.77:1e 2.88:1c 2.48:1b 2.83:1c 2.55:1b 2.49:1b 2.55:1b 0.05 0.16 RDF – Recommended dose of fertilizers The superscript letters indicates that the treatment means with same letters are at par at 5% level of significance, while the means with different letters are significantly different at 5% level of significance. These letters have been affixed based on CD- value comparison of treatment means Fruit weight (g) Application of RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm (T3) produced maximum fruit weight (35.33 g), which was recorded statistically at par with T4 having average fruit weight of 31.40 g. The treatments T10, T5, T2, T7, T1, T8 and T9 having fruit weight of 27.96, 29.08, 29.58, 28.53, 28.11, 27.23 and 27.13 g, respectively were registered at par with each other. The minimum fruit weight (21.90 g) was noticed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). The findings of present investigation are in close agreement with the view of various workers in strawberry Khokhar et al., (2004) and Thakur et al., (2015). Fruit volume (cc) The treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm) registered maximum volume of fruit (24.17cc), which was non-significant difference with T4 and T2 having average fruit volume of 24.08 and 23.32cc, respectively. The minimum volume of fruit (19.92 cc) was noticed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). The physiological basis for increase in fruit volume appears to be due to an increase in growth rate by cell division and cell enlargement. Plant growth regulators might involved in faster loading and mobilization of photo assimilates to fruits. Application of Gibberellic acid 75 ppm significantly increased the average volume of fruit. Similar observations on fruit volume were also reported by Khokhar et al., (2004), Saima et al., (2014) and Thakur et al., (2015). Fruit diameter (cm) The maximum fruit diameter (4.19 cm) was recorded under T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm), which showed statistically at par with T2 (3.99 cm), which showed statistically at par with the treatments T4, T2, T5 and T7 2476 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2473-2478 having respective average fruit diameter of 3.99, 3.84, 3.78 and 3.61 cm at 5% level of significance, while the minimum fruit diameter (2.79 cm) was observed under the treatment T0 (RDF + Control). Diameter of fruits may vary due to the capacity of fruits to accumulate assimilates. Similar observations on fruit diameter due to GA3 were also reported by Singh and Singh (2009) and Saima et al., (2014) in strawberry. Yield per plant (kg) The highest yield kg/plant (0.81) was recorded under the treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm) followed by the treatment T4 (0.77 kg/plant). The treatments T5, T2 & T7 and T7, T1 & T10 and T7, T1, T10, T9, T6 & T8 having average fruit yield of 0.71, 0.71 & 0.67 and 0.67, 0.64 & 0.64 and 0.67, 0.64, 0.64, 0.63, 0.63 & 0.63 kg/plant, respectively showed non-significant differences with each other. Similarly the treatments T5, T2 and T7 having respective average fruit yield of 0.71, 0.71 and 0.67 kg/plant were recorded at par with each other. While the minimum yield per plant (0.57 kg) was recorded in control. The increase in yield might be due to the increased fruit set per plant, fruit length and fruit width as well as fruit weight. These findings are in conformity with the findings of Bhautkar (2001), Dale et al., (2006), Singh and Tripathi (2010), Kumar et al., (2012) and Khunte et al., (2014) in strawberry (Table 2). Yield (q/ha) The highest yield q/ha (308.40) was recorded under the treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm), which was found at par with T4 having average fruit yield of 279.20 q/ha. However minimum yield (216.03 q/ha) was recorded under untreated plant in present investigation. The higher yield may be due to increased flowering and more fruit set, higher fruit weight and size. These findings are in conformity with the findings of Khokhar et al., (2004) and Kumar et al., (2012) in strawberry. Benefit: cost ratio The maximum Benefit: cost ratio (4.02) was recorded under the treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm), followed by treatment T4 (3.77) and T5 (3.44). However, the minimum Benefit: cost ratio was observed under T0 (2.02). The treatment T3 (RDF + Gibberellic acid 75 ppm) was identified as economical and profitable for strawberry crop under the plain regions of Chhattisgarh. 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Influence of plant bio-regulators on yield and fruit characters of Strawberry cv. Chandler. Prog. Horti., 42(2): 186188. How to cite this article: Sarita Paikra, Hemant Kumar Panigrahi and Sangeeta Chandrakar. 2020. Influence of NAA and GA3 on Yield and Yield Attributing Parameters of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Sabrina under Net Tunnel. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(10): 2473-2478. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.296 2478