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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 4 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.087 Influence of Establishment Methods and Nutrient Management on Productivity of Kharif Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their Residual Effect on Succeeding Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Crop H. L. Sonboir1*, Sanjay Sharma1, R. Mahender Kumar2 and Basant Kumar Sahu1 1 Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur-492012 (India) 2 Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad-500030 (India) *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Dry direct seeded rice, Nutrient management, Leaf colour chart, Ricechickpea cropping system, Seed yield, Net return, Integrated nutrient mangment Article Info Accepted: 07 March 2020 Available Online: 10 April 2020 A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Instructional cum Research Farm, IGKV Raipur during kharif and rabi seasons of three consecutive years of 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 with three rice establishment methods; six nutrient management in rice and two nutrient management in chickpea. Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon produced grain and straw yield similar to transplanting method, but higher net return and B: ratio. The seed yield of chickpea under dry direct seeded rice was 9.53 to 27.89% higher over transplanting method of rice. Combined application of 100% RDF and 5t/ha FYM in rice produced grain yield of rice, seed yield and net return of chickpea comparable to 150% RDF. In rice-chickpea cropping system, dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon produced 4.85 to 14.72% higher rice equivalent yield and 22.64 to 27.93% net return compared to compared to transplanting method of rice. Combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded higher rice equivalent yield and net return which was however, comparable to application of 150% RDF in net return. Application of 100%RDF in chickpea recorded an increase of 9.37 to 11.72% in seed yield. during 1960-61 to more than 450 million tons during 2010-11 (Mohanty, 2013). It is the leading crop of India grown in 43.19 million ha with productivity of 2550 kg/ha during 2016-17 (Annual Report 2017-18). In Chhattisgarh state, known as rice bowl of India, it is cultivated in about 70% area during kharif season with average productivity of 2212 kg/ha during 2016-17 (Anonymous, Introduction Rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world’s seven billion people. However, more than 90% of this rice is consumed in Asia, where it is a staple for a majority of the population. The rising per capita consumption along with the growing population has enhanced global rice consumption from 150 733 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 2018). Pulses are the most important source of protein in vegetarian diets. United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses looking into its dietary essentiality. Chickpea is the most important rabi season crop grown in the Chhattisgarh state with area of 0.37 million ha and productivity of 1100 kg (Krishi Darshika, 2018) and as a pulse crop, it is important for nutritional security along with improving soil fertility. microclimate. Application of fertilizer dose may also differ in these establishment methods due to change in mobilization and availability of nutrients in rice ecosystem. The performance of succeeding crop depends not only on fertilizers applied in previous crop but also on methods of establishment followed due to change in soil physico-chemical properties. Chickpea, as being a deep rooted crop can mine nutrients from deeper layer and however, it may depends on root penetration and also capacity to make available those nutrients. Thus, an experiment was laid out to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on productivity of rice crop in varying establishment methods as well as to study their residual effect on performance of succeeding chickpea crop. Cultivation of rice with different establishment methods is unique feature of the state. The most popular transplanting method of rice cultivation requires huge number of labour for different farm operations from sowing to harvesting. In Asia, labour forces in agriculture are declining at 0.1-0.4%, with an average of 0.2% per year (Dawe, 2005). However, due to the decreasing availability of farm labours, less labour requiring technique is required for rice cultivation to sustain its production. The decreasing water availability for agricultural crops has also forced to evolve technologies which need less water with higher productivity of rice. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Instructional cum Research Farm, IGKV Raipur during kharif and rabi seasons of three consecutive years of 2015-16, 201617 and 2017-18 in the same field. The experimental soil was clay in texture, neutral in reaction, normal in electrical conductivity, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. In Asia, the share of water in agriculture declined from 98% in 1900 to 80% in 2000, and is likely to further decline to 72 % by 2020 (Kumar and Ladha, 2011). Presently, direct seeded rice is one of the options to meet out problems of shortage of labour and water. DSR refers to the process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedlings from the nursery. It has been recognized as the principal method of rice establishment since 1950’s in developing countries (Pandey and Velasco, 2005). The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of three rice establishment methods viz., M1- Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon with normal seed rate, M2- Dry direct seeded rice after monsoon with reduced seed rate and M3- Transplanting; sub-plot treatments consisted of six nutrient management practices in rice viz. S1-100%RFD (Inorganic), S2-100% RDF (75% Inorganic+ 25% Organic), S3-150% of RDF (Inorganic), S4- LCC based N application and P& K at RD, S5-100%RFD (Organic)+ 5t FYM and The nutrients play important role in enhancing productivity and profitability of rice crop which differs in different establishment methods due to variation in 734 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 S6- Control and sub-sub plot treatments consisted of two nutrient management practices in chickpea viz., F0-control and F1100% RDF (Inorganic). The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was 100:60:40 kg NPK/ha for rice and 20:50:30 kg NPK/ha for chickpea applied through urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash applied as per treatments. The test variety was IGKV R1 (125 days) of rice and JG-130 (115 days) of chickpea. panicles of rice comparable to 150% RDF which was significantly higher than other nutrient management practices. Nitrogen application based on LCC recorded statistically at par number of total tillers and panicles per unit area compared to 100%RDF (Inorganic) and 100% RDF (75% inorganic+25% organic) (Table 1). Panicle weight and test weight of rice Transplanting method of rice recorded significantly higher panicle weight compared other methods of establishment. However, test weight was not influenced significantly by establishment methods. The date of sowing for dry direct seeded rice after monsoon (M2) and transplanting (M3) was same whereas, dry direct seeded rice before monsoon (M1) was done 3-4 days before anticipation of monsoon and irrigation was given for establishment of the crop. The rice crop was harvested at maturity and sowing of chickpea was done after field preparation. The date of sowing for chickpea was same in all the treatments. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM registered panicle weight and test weight comparable to 150% RDF and significantly higher than other nutrient management practices. Nitrogen application based on LCC recorded statistically at par panicle weight and test weight compared to 100%RDF (Inorganic) and 100% RDF (75% inorganic+25% organic) (Table 2). The observations were recorded from net plot area in each treatment and were statistically anaysed as suggested by Gomez and Gomez (1983) for interpretation of the result. Cost of cultivation was calculated based on market price of the inputs and outputs. B:C ratio was calculated by dividing gross return to cost of cultivation of the respective treatments. Grain and straw yield of rice Grain and straw yield of rice was significantly influenced by establishment methods and nutrient management practices. Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon with normal seed rate produced grain and straw yield statistically comparable to transplanting method. Higher grain yield in DSR is also reported by Gill et al., (2006) and Hayanshi et al., (2007). Dry direct seeded rice after monsoon with reduced seed rate recorded lesser grain and straw yield. The reduction was 4.12 to 7.53 % in grain yield and 4.40 to 12.07 % in straw yield compared to transplanting method in different years. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 Results and Discussion Number of total tillers and panicles of rice Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon with normal seed rate registered significantly higher number of total tillers and panicles compared to other methods. Dry direct seeded rice after monsoon with reduced seed rate recorded significantly the least number of total tillers and panicles per unit area. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM produced number of total tillers and 735 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 t/ha FYM produced grain and straw yield of rice comparable to 150% RDF which was significantly higher than other nutrient management practices. The increase was 3.23 to 8.82% in grain yield and 3.46 to 6.57 % in straw yield of rice over 100% RDF in different years. No. of pods/plant and 100 seed weight of chickpea Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon and after onset of monsoon registered comparable number of pods per plant of chickpea and significantly higher than transplanting method of rice. This may be due to better growth of chickpea in unpuddled condition causing prevention of compactness of soil which results in better root growth of plants. Although, 100 seed weight of chickpea was influenced by establishment method of rice. Nitrogen application based on LCC recorded statistically at par grain and straw yield compared to 100% RDF (Inorganic) whereas, application of 100% RDF (75% inorganic+25% organic) recorded statistically lesser grain and straw yield (Table 3). Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded number of pods per plant of chickpea comparable to 150% RDF and 100% RDF. The 100 seed weight of chickpea was not influenced by nutrient application in rice. Application of 100%RDF in chickpea recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight compared to no application of nutrients (Table 5). Economics of rice Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon with normal seed rate recorded significantly higher net return and B:C ratio compared to other methods, though B:C ratio was comparable to dry direct seeded rice after monsoon with reduced seed rate. Transplanting method of rice gave significantly least net return and B:C ratio. Seed and straw yield of chickpea Higher net return and B: ratio in dry direct seeded rice was due to reduction in labour expenses in transplanting and other operations. Sumita and Ando (2001) report that conventionally planted rice uses 37 % higher labour in as compared to DSR, which is mainly because of transplanting operation. Establishment methods and nutrient management practices in rice significantly influenced the seed and straw yield of chickpea in succeeding season. Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon and after onset of monsoon produced comparable and higher seed and straw yield of chickpea and significantly higher than transplanting method of rice. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 150% RDF recorded significantly higher net return compared to all other treatments however it was comparable to 100% RDF. The higher net return in150% RDF was due to higher grain and straw yield along with lesser cost of chemical fertilizers compared to organic manures. Nitrogen application based on LCC recorded statistically at par net return and B: ratio compared to 100%RDF (Inorganic) (Table 4). The increase in seed yield of chickpea was 9.53 to 27.89% and in straw yield was 10.27 to 30.09% over transplanting method of rice in different years. This may be due to better expression of growth and yield attributes of chickpea under unpuddled condition which results in better root growth of plants (Table 6). 736 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Although puddling is known to be beneficial for growing rice, it can adversely affect the growth and yield of subsequent upland crops because of its adverse effects on soil physical properties, which includes poor soil structure, sub-optimal permeability in the lower layers and soil compaction (Gathala et al., 2011). Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded seed and straw yield of chickpea comparable to 150% RDF and 100% RDF. over no application of nutrients in chickpea in different years. Economics of chickpea Establishment methods and nutrient management practices in rice significantly influenced the net return and B:C ratio of chickpea in succeeding season. Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon and after onset of monsoon produced comparable and net return and B:C ratio of chickpea and significantly higher than transplanting method of rice. This was be due to higher seed and straw yield of chickpea under these treatments. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded net return and B: ratio comparable to 150% RDF and 100% RDF. Application of 100% RDF in chickpea recorded significantly higher net return but lower BC ratio of chickpea compared to no application of nutrients (Table 7 and 8). Balanced nutrient application in previous crop maintains soil fertility which might have resulted in higher yield of succeeding chickpea crop. The higher seed yield of chickpea with 100% RDF in rice was also reported by Mansuri (2016). Application of 100% RDF in chickpea recorded significantly higher seed and straw yield of chickpea compared to no application of nutrients. The increase was 9.37 to 11.72% in seed yield and 9.52 to 11.69 % in straw yield of chickpea Table.1 Number of total tillers and panicles of rice as influenced by different establishment methods and nutrient management Treatments Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Total tillers, no./m2 Panicles, no./m2 2015 2016 2017 Mean 2015 2016 2017 Mean 378 342 325 22 412 323 341 27 407 391 370 24 399 352 345 241 194 224 8 269 232 249 17 286 280 261 7 265 235 245 369 358 388 383 242 25 373 351 399 359 411 259 30 387 371 408 380 399 19 376 360 398 370 398 251 225 204 237 247 184 19 264 234 267 234 266 233 23 275 265 288 269 280 5 255 234 264 252 264 209 737 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Table.2 Panicle weight and test weight of rice as influenced by different establishment methods and nutrient management Treatments Panicle weight, g/panicle Test weight, g 2015 2016 2017 Mean 2015 2016 2017 Mean Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) 2.91 3.03 3.17 0.09 3.62 4.03 4.28 0.34 3.27 3.45 3.83 0.35 3.27 3.50 3.76 29.8 29.9 30.0 NS 31.5 31.6 32.1 NS 31.1 31.4 31.2 NS 30.8 31.0 31.1 3.09 2.97 3.22 3.32 2.59 0.10 4.16 3.91 4.37 4.01 4.47 2.93 0.38 3.50 3.32 3.82 3.40 3.55 0.27 3.58 3.40 3.80 3.71 3.78 2.76 30.0 29.5 31.1 30.9 28.1 0.68 32.0 31.9 32.0 31.8 32.2 30.4 0.72 30.8 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.6 NS 30.9 30.9 31.4 31.6 31.6 29.3 Table.3 Grain and straw yield of rice as influenced by different establishment methods and nutrient management Treatments Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Grain yield, kg/ha Straw yield, kg/ha 2015 2016 2017 Mean 2015 2016 2017 Mean 4784 4980 5051 4411 4844 4773 4770 5118 4978 89 170 178 4938 4676 4955 5841 6359 6477 5195 5884 6240 5434 6692 6964 333 751 524 6226 5773 6363 4974 5225 4919 4630 5119 4598 5039 4782 5679 6367 6557 5542 6219 5915 6201 5892 5225 5318 3129 122 5370 4943 5357 3149 5923 5941 4364 319 6558 6303 6456 5051 5532 5353 5164 4722 5676 5078 3168 210 215 738 6783 6967 6226 6379 6644 6784 5737 604 383 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Table.4 Economics of rice as influenced by different establishment methods and nutrient management Treatments Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Net return, Rs/ha 2015 2016 2017 Mean B:C ratio 2015 2016 2017 Mean 43226 55101 55628 51318 38720 53539 52493 48251 37765 53128 49991 46961 1422 1134 3105 2.44 2.34 2.08 0.05 2.75 2.78 2.44 0.09 2.74 2.72 2.34 0.10 2.64 2.61 2.29 46344 54980 55237 52187 36153 49159 44130 43147 2.58 2.05 2.83 2.40 2.81 2.23 2.74 2.23 47380 44992 24649 1862 2.49 2.72 2.83 2.50 2.20 0.11 2.81 2.75 2.39 0.10 2.67 2.79 2.38 2.12 56332 59934 54549 54211 52666 53439 54930 51554 50492 29071 26860 3540 3222 2.26 2.04 0.06 Table.5 Residual effect of establishment methods and nutrient management of kharif rice on number of pods/plant and seed weight of chickpea Treatments Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in kharif rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in Chickpea F0-Control F1-100% RDF CD (P=0.05) No. of pods/plant 2015 2016 2017 Mean 100 seed weight, g 2015 2016 2017 Mean 39.2 38.8 35.3 1.0 39.2 39.2 36.4 0.9 40.8 39.9 36.2 2.5 39.7 39.3 36.0 22.53 23.54 23.55 22.24 23.54 23.66 22.68 23.45 24.03 NS NS NS 23.21 23.15 23.39 38.0 37.2 38.4 39.6 35.7 1.5 39.9 37.9 40.1 36.6 40.6 34.5 1.3 39.9 37.9 38.9 37.8 40.3 1.2 39.3 37.7 39.1 37.2 40.2 35.1 22.50 22.67 22.33 22.72 22.20 NS 23.79 23.84 23.81 23.56 23.72 NS 23.33 23.28 23.27 23.45 23.39 22.76 35.7 39.8 1.3 36.0 40.6 1.0 36.9 41.0 1.0 36.2 40.5 22.30 23.34 23.62 22.68 23.68 23.87 0.35 0.26 0.15 23.09 23.41 739 23.69 23.32 23.67 23.33 23.74 23.31 NS Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Table.6 Residual effect of establishment methods and nutrient management of kharif rice on seed and straw yield of chickpea Treatments 2015 Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in kharif rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in Chickpea F0-Control F1-100% RDF CD (P=0.05) Seed yield, kg/ha Straw yield, kg/ha 2016 2017 Mean 2015 2016 2017 Mean 2068 2090 1888 64 2319 2303 1848 55 2334 2308 1825 81 2240 2234 1854 3908 3931 3544 95 4331 4351 3474 133 4432 4366 3407 155 4224 4216 3475 2041 1951 2033 2084 1967 71 2215 2128 2130 2069 2225 2172 99 2158 2102 2190 2066 2263 89 2138 2060 2118 2068 2191 2070 3821 3707 3801 3954 3689 130 4180 3963 4018 3907 4183 4063 180 4079 4000 4109 3899 4255 182 4027 3890 3976 3903 4131 3876 1890 2141 35 2037 2277 54 2050 2262 52 1992 2227 3559 4030 78 3827 4277 111 3865 4272 111 3750 4193 Table.7 Residual effect of establishment methods and nutrient management of kharif rice on net return and B: C ratio of chickpea Treatments 2015 Rice establishment methods M1-Dry DSR before monsoon M2-Dry DSR after monsoon M3-Transplanting CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in kharif rice S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM S6-Control CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in Chickpea F0-Control F1-100% RDF CD (P=0.05) Net return, Rs/ha 2016 2017 Mean B:C ratio 2015 2016 2017 Mean 46051 65818 71691 61187 46838 65166 70567 60857 39596 46520 49535 45217 2277 2253 3497 2.63 2.66 2.40 0.08 3.26 3.24 2.60 0.08 3.42 3.38 2.67 0.12 3.10 3.09 2.56 45071 41885 44772 46659 42422 2522 56895 53823 56075 57823 59074 51112 2.59 2.49 2.59 2.65 2.50 0.09 3.12 2.99 2.99 2.92 3.13 3.06 0.14 3.16 3.08 3.20 3.02 3.31 0.13 2.96 2.85 2.93 2.97 3.03 2.78 41680 56288 61354 53107 46643 62047 66508 58399 1248 2215 2277 2.59 2.54 0.05 3.08 2.99 0.08 3.22 3.09 0.08 2.96 2.87 61580 57972 58069 55606 61979 59801 4035 740 64034 61613 65385 60039 68585 3879 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Table.8 Rice equivalent yield and net return of rice-chickpea cropping system as influenced by rice establishment methods and nutrient management in rice and chickpea Treatments Rice equivalent yield, Kg/ha 2015 2016 2017 Mean Rice establishment methods 9916 M1-Dry DSR before monsoon 9599 M2-Dry DSR after monsoon 9457 M3-Transplanting 216 CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in kharif rice 10039 S1-100%RFD (Inorganic) 9474 S2-100%RDF (75% Inorg+25% Org) 10270 S3-150% RDF S4-LCC based nitrogen 10492 S5-100%RFD+ 5t FYM 8012 S6-Control 204 CD (P=0.05) Nutrient management in Chickpea 9346 F0-Control 9969 F1-100% RDF 86 CD (P=0.05) 2015 Net return, Rs/ha 2016 2017 Mean 11291 11110 10145 251 11451 11102 9982 203 10886 10604 9861 89277 85558 77361 3408 116976 114773 95096 4124 127319 123060 99526 3546 111191 107797 90661 11253 10909 10836 10362 10709 10248 91415 78038 116560 107132 119271 105743 109082 96971 11327 10795 11731 9079 303 11356 10387 11284 317 10984 10591 11169 8546 92153 91651 67070 3180 118401 109817 116909 88872 4930 125319 112705 120138 4904 111958 111261 109566 77971 10523 11175 147 10554 11136 144 10141 10760 81584 86547 1248 106069 111828 2215 114058 119212 2277 100570 105862 Moreover, regarding net return, application of 150% registered the highest net return which was comparable to 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM and with significantly higher than other nutrient management practices. Application of 100%RDF in chickpea recorded significantly higher rice equivalent yield of the system compared to no application of nutrients. The increase was 5.51 to 6.67% in rice equivalent yield and 4.52 to 6.08% in net return in different years. Rice equivalent yield and net return of rice-chickpea cropping system Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon produced significantly the highest rice equivalent yield and net return of ricechickpea cropping system with significant difference to other methods. Transplanting method recorded the least equivalent yield and net return. The increase was 4.85 to 14.72% in rice equivalent yield and 22.64 to 27.93% in net return over transplanting method of rice in different years. Regarding nutrient management in rice, combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded the highest rice equivalent yield with significant difference to other nutrient management practices, however it was closely followed by 150% RDF. In rice-chickpea cropping system, Dry direct seeded rice before onset of monsoon with normal seed rate produced significantly the highest rice equivalent yield and net return compared to transplanting method of rice with increase of 4.85 to 14.72% in rice equivalent yield and 22.64 to 27.93% in net return. 741 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(4): 733-742 Journal of Agronomy. 2006;51:123-27. Gomez K A and Gomez A A 1983 Statistical procedures for agricultural research. An International Rice Research Institute book, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Hayashi, S., Kamoshita, A., Yamagishi, J., Kotchasatit, A. and Jongdee, B. Genotypic differences in grain yield of transplanted and direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northeastern Thailand. Field Crops Research. 2007;102:9–21. Krishi darshika, 2018. Area and productivity of different crops in Chhattisgarh. Krishi Darshika Published by Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur PP 6. Kumar, V. and Ladha, J., K. Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Advances in Agronomy. 2011; 111: 297-413. Mansuri R.N. (2016). Effect of integrated nutrient management in rice – chickpea cropping sequence under south gujarat condition. Ph.D. Thesis submitted in Agronomy Dept., N.M.College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari Mohanty S, 2013. Trends in global rice consumption. Rice today. International Institute of Rice Research, 12 (1) p.44. Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. In ―Rice Is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century‖ (K. Toriyama, K. L. Heong, and B. Hardy, Eds.), pp. 178–181. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines and Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan. 2005 Cross ref. Sumita, T. and Ando, M. Economy of direct seeding of rice in Northeast Thailand and its future direction. In ― JIRCAS Working Report No. 30. 2001; 147-149. Combined application of 100% RDF and 5 t/ha FYM recorded higher rice equivalent yield and net return which was however, comparable to application of 150% RDF in net return. Application of 100%RDF in chickpea recorded an increase of 9.37 to 11.72% in seed yield of chickpea and 5.51 to 6.67% in rice equivalent yield over no application of nutrients. Acknowledgement The authors sincerely acknowledge the All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Programme, Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR), Hyderabad for providing financial assistance for the study of this work. References Annual Report 2017-18. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and farmers welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. pp. 3. Anonymous, 2018. Krishi Digdarshika. Directorate of Extension Services. IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. pp. 6. Dawe, D. Increasing water productivity in ricebased systems in Asia—Past trends, current problems, and future prospects. Plant Production Science. 2005;8:221–230. Gathala, M. K., Ladha, J. K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Kumar V., Sharma, P. K., Sharma, S. and Pathak, H. Tillage and crop establishment affects sustainability of South Asian rice-wheat system. Agronomy Journal (In press). 2011. Gill, M. S., Kumar, A. and Kumar, P. Growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under various methods and times of sowing. Indian How to cite this article: Sonboir, H. L., Sanjay Sharma, R. Mahender Kumar and Basant Kumar Sahu. 2020. Influence of Establishment Methods and Nutrient Management on Productivity of Kharif Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and their Residual Effect on Succeeding Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Crop. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(04): 733-742. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.087 742