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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 03 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.119 Impact of Seed Priming with Ag-Nanoparticle and GA3 on Germination and Vigour in Green gram Aninda Chakraborty and Sanjoy Kumar Bordolui* Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Green gram, AgNanoparticle, GA3, Seed priming Article Info Accepted: 10 February 2021 Available Online: 10 March 2021 Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the important pulse crops in India. It is widely cultivated throughout India in three different seasons. Eight genotypes of green gram viz, Pusa Vishal, PM-11-9, IPM-2-3, Meha (IPM 99-125), Samrat, IPM-512-1, TMB-37, SML-1822 were primed with GA3 and Ag-nanoparticle for six hours. The laboratory experiment was done in seed testing laboratory, BCKV, West Bengal during 2019 & 2020. Germination percentage and vigour were observed to determine the change of seed quality after priming with Ag-Nanoparticle and GA3. While considering genotypes over treatments, significantly highest germination percentage was observed i.e. 93.41 and 93.86 during 2019 and 2020 respectively in G6 (IPM-512-1). The highest vigour index 1,899.182 and 1,897.412 were observed for G1 (Pusa Vishal) among the genotypes over treatments, during 2019 and 2020 respectively. The treatment over genotypes, T 2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) was significantly higher than other treatments of germination percentage for both the year. Regarding treatment over the genotypes the maximum vigour index was observed 1,755.024 and 1,770.908 respectively in T 2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) for both the years. So, Ag-Nanoparticle was proved to be the best treatment among the other treatments and Pusa Vishal was the best among the other genotypes. lakh tonnes. The total area in West Bengal under green gram cultivation is 0.21 lakh ha, production 0.18 lakh tonnes, and yield 839 kg ha-1. (Pulses in India: Retrospect and Prospects, 2016). Besides having easily digestible protein (20.0 to 28.4%) and high amount of amino acids (800.2 mg g-1) (YiShen et al., 2018), it has other biochemical compositions like 3.3% fat, 5.9% fibre, 51.2% carbohydrate, 3.4% minerals, 0.3% vitamins and 10.2% moisture (USDA Nutrient Database, 2015). Main foundations for good Introduction Pulse crops play an important role in Indian agriculture and India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. Among pulses, green gram (Vigna radiata L.), having chromosome number 2n= 24, is widely cultivated in three different seasons in India i.e., pre-kharif, kharif and rabi. According to the twelfth five year plan (2012-15), the total area covered under moong in India is 30.41 lakh hectares with a total production of 14.24 941 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 stand establishment of any crop are higher germination and vigour of the seedlings. Seed priming is of the techniques used to get higher germination and vigour. It is basically presowing seed treatment in which the seeds are hydrated and dehydrated, which modifies physiological and biochemical properties of seed (Basu, 1976). The seed priming advances germination metabolism, enhances antioxidant activities and improves repair process. It is well accepted fact that priming improves germination, reduces seedling emergence time and improves stand establishment (Nawaz et al., 2013). Seed priming can be of various types but here hydro priming and chemical priming was done to enhance the germination and vigour. Engineered nanomaterials like Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implicated nowadays to enhance seed germination, plant growth, and improvement of photosynthetic quantum efficiency and as antimicrobial agents to manage plant diseases (Almutairi and Alharbi, 2015). Seeds treated with synthesized AgNPs showed better germination (Parveen and Rao, 2015). Gibberellic acid (GA3) is known to be concerned in the regulation of plant responses to the external environment (Chakrabarti and Mukherji, 2003), and application of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) has been reported to increase germination percentage and seedling growth of crop plants under salt stress (Tsegay and Andargie, 2018, Biswas et al., 2020a). GA3 was found to influence the spikelet fertility and seed yield significantly (Biswas et al., 2020b). The influence of GA3 has been found to enhance seed yield plant1 and all the seed yield attribute characters (Ray and Bordolui, 2020). Materials and Methods Previous season greengram seeds of the eight genotypes viz, Pusa Vishal, PM-11-9, IPM-23, Meha (IPM 99-125), Samrat, IPM-512-1, TMB-37, SML-1822 were primed with GA3 and Ag-nanoparticle for six hours along with soaking in distilled water as control for the same period for making comparison of the effects of seed priming. After standardization, the dose of GA3 @ 50 ppm and Agnanoparticle @ 20 ppm was selected for the research work. The genotypes were collected from AICRP on MULLaRP, BCKV. The laboratory experiment was done in seed testing laboratory, BCKV, West Bengal during 2019 & 2020. The different seed quality parameters such as root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and fresh weight, germination percentage and vigour index were recorded. Germination test was carried out using glass plate and petri-plate method (ISTA, 1985) and calculated as Germination (%) = No. of normal seedlings germinated × 100/ Total no. of seeds placed for germination. Vigour Index was also calculated by Abdul-Baki and Anderson (1973) as Vigour index = Germination (%) × Seedling length (cm). Root length (cm) During 2019, significantly highest root length (8.414 cm) was observed for G7 (TMB-37) followed by G1 (Pusa Vishal) when the average was made over the treatments, while shortest root length (3.581 cm) was recognized for G2 (PM-11-9) preceded by G8 (SML-1822) (Table-1.a). In case of treatment over genotypes, T2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) was significantly superior to that of 50 ppm GA3 and control for the exhibition of root length. While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, a significantly maximum root length (8.730 cm) was recorded for G7 (TMB-37) followed by Objective of this study was to assess the response of those genotypes towards seed priming with chemicals viz., GA3 and Agnanoparticle for quality seed production. 942 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 G1 (Pusa Vishal) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle, and shortest root length (3.120 cm) was recorded for G2 (PM-11-9) when primed with distilled water preceded by the same genotype when treated with 50 ppm of GA3. for G6 (IPM-512-1) preceded by G5 (Samrat) (Table-2.b). The influence of T2 (AgNanoparticle @ 20 ppm) was significantly superior (11.406 cm for 1st year and 11.352 cm for 2nd year) to that of 50 ppm GA3 and control for the exhibition of shoot length when the average was made over the genotypes. While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, significantly maximum shoot length (13.557 cm for 1st year and 13.213 cm for 2nd year) was recorded for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle and shortest shoot length (8.850 cm for 1st year and 8.623 cm for 2nd year) was recorded for G6 (IPM-512-1) when primed with distilled water preceded by the same genotype when treated with 50 ppm of GA3. Similar to the first-year when the average was made over the treatments, root length of G7 (TMB-37) was also found to be maximum (8.627cm) followed by that of G1 (Pusa Vishal) during 2020 (Table-1.b). It was observed that G2 (PM-11-9) produced the shortest roots of average 3.698 cm length preceded by G8 (SML-1822). Influence of T2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) over all genotypes was significantly superior to that of 50 ppm GA3 and control for the exhibition of root length. While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, a significantly maximum root length (8.983 cm) was recorded for G7 (TMB-37) followed by G1 (Pusa Vishal) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle. But shortest root length i.e 3.203 cm was recorded for G2 (PM-11-9) when primed with distilled water preceded by the same genotype when treated with 50 ppm of GA3. Ranking amongst the genotypes about its shoot length over treatments for the first year was, G1˃ G3˃ G7˃ G5˃ G8˃ G4˃ G2˃ G6 and for the second year was, G1˃ G3˃ G7˃ G4˃ G8˃ G2˃ G5˃ G6. Fresh weight (g) Among the genotypes over treatments, the highest fresh weight i.e 2.210 g was noted in G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G2 (PM-11-9), while it was minimum (1.530 g) in G8 (SML1822) preceded by G4 (Meha) during 2019 (Table-3.a). In case of treatment over genotypes, maximum fresh weight was observed 2.040 g and 2.039 g respectively in T2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) during 2019 and 2020. While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, maximum fresh weight (2.370 g) was obtained for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G2 (PM-11-9) while minimum fresh weight (1.320 g) was obtained for G4 (Meha) preceded by G8 (SML-1822) for the first year (Table-3.a) when primed with distilled water. If ranking was made amongst the genotypes about its root length over treatments, it could be noticed as G7˃ G1˃ G3˃ G5˃ G6˃ G4˃ G8˃ G2 for the first year and G7˃ G1˃ G3˃ G6˃ G4˃ G5˃ G8˃ G2 for the second year. Shoot Length (cm) When the average was made over the treatments, the highest shoot length 12.480 cm and 12.163 cm respectively was observed significantly for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) during 2019 and 2020. The shortest shoot length (9.363 cm) was recorded for G6 (IPM-512-1) preceded by G2 (PM-119) for first-year (Table-2.a) but in second year shortest shoot length (9.424 cm) was recorded 943 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 The average fresh weight of genotypes over treatments was significantly highest in the case of G1 (Pusa Vishal) i.e 2.201g followed by G2 (PM-11-9) during 2020 and alike previous year, minimum fresh weight (1.542 g) was observed in G8 (SML-1822) preceded by G4 (Meha). In case of interaction between treatments and genotypes, maximum fresh weight (2.313 g) was obtained for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) while minimum fresh weight (1.360 g) was obtained for G8 (SML-1822) preceded by G4 (Meha) when primed with distilled water in second year (Table-3b). G1˃ G2˃ G3˃ G5˃ G7˃ G6˃ G4˃ G8 was the ranking amongst the genotypes about its fresh weight over treatments for the both the years. Table.1.a Mean value of root length of different green gram genotypes during 2019 G1 7.810 T0 7.990 T1 8.400 T2 Mean G 8.067 T SEm(±) 0.003 LSD 0.008 G2 3.120 3.590 4.033 3.581 G 0.004 0.013 G3 7.163 7.247 8.180 7.530 TXG 0.008 0.022 G4 5.817 5.770 6.553 6.047 G5 5.763 6.107 6.993 6.288 G6 6.020 6.217 6.480 6.239 G7 8.203 8.310 8.730 8.414 G8 Mean T 4.170 6.008 4.383 6.202 5.143 6.814 4.566 Table.1b Mean value of root length of different green gram genotypes during 2020 G1 8.063 T0 8.220 T1 8.533 T2 Mean G 8.272 T SEm(±) 0.004 LSD 0.012 G2 3.203 3.410 4.480 3.698 G 0.007 0.019 G3 7.060 7.577 8.243 7.627 TXG 0.012 0.033 G4 5.420 6.023 7.043 6.162 G5 5.620 5.903 6.420 5.981 G6 5.897 5.983 6.617 6.166 G7 8.490 8.407 8.983 8.627 G8 Mean T 4.023 5.972 4.680 6.275 5.490 6.976 4.731 T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM-512-1, G7= TMB-37, G8= SML-1822 Table.2.a Mean value of shoot length of different green gram genotypes during 2019 G1 G2 G3 G4 11.340 9.397 10.410 10.020 T0 12.543 10.050 12.507 10.250 T1 13.557 10.303 13.373 10.933 T2 Mean G 12.480 9.917 12.097 10.401 T G TXG SEm(±) 0.003 0.004 0.008 LSD 0.008 0.013 0.022 G5 G6 G7 10.263 8.850 10.697 10.593 9.170 11.030 10.883 10.070 11.330 10.580 9.363 11.019 944 G8 Mean T 10.400 10.172 10.410 10.819 10.800 11.406 10.537 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 Table.2.b Mean value of shoot length of different green gram genotypes during 2020 G1 11.140 T0 12.137 T1 13.213 T2 Mean G 12.163 T SEm(±) 0.003 LSD 0.008 G2 9.797 10.380 10.753 10.310 G 0.005 0.013 G3 10.847 12.040 13.040 11.976 TXG 0.008 0.022 G4 10.123 10.670 11.130 10.641 G5 10.147 10.240 10.440 10.276 G6 8.623 9.447 10.203 9.424 G7 10.517 11.427 11.587 11.177 G8 10.283 10.583 10.450 10.439 Mean T 10.185 10.865 11.352 T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM512-1, G7= TMB-37, G8= SML-1822 Table.3.a Mean value of fresh weight (g) of different green gram genotypes during 2019 G1 2.040 T0 2.220 T1 2.370 T2 Mean G 2.210 T SEm(±) 0.002 LSD 0.007 G2 1.860 1.980 2.270 2.037 G 0.004 0.011 G3 1.700 2.010 2.200 1.970 TXG 0.007 0.019 G4 1.320 1.643 1.780 1.581 G5 1.800 1.910 2.037 1.916 G6 1.510 1.600 1.960 1.690 G7 1.470 1.667 1.990 1.709 G8 Mean T 1.380 1.635 1.500 1.816 1.710 2.040 1.530 Table.3.b Mean value of fresh weight (g) of different green gram genotypes during 2020 T0 T1 T2 Mean G SEm(±) LSD G1 2.080 2.210 2.313 2.201 T 0.002 0.007 G2 1.853 1.930 2.180 1.988 G 0.004 0.011 G3 1.637 1.947 2.250 1.944 TXG 0.007 0.019 G4 1.390 1.630 1.820 1.613 G5 1.840 1.887 1.963 1.897 G6 1.440 1.563 1.987 1.663 G7 1.480 1.730 2.050 1.753 G8 Mean T 1.360 1.635 1.520 1.802 1.747 2.039 1.542 T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM512-1, G7= TMB-37, G8= SML-1822 Table.4.a Mean value of dry weight (g) of different green gram genotypes during 2019 G1 0.160 T0 0.190 T1 0.233 T2 Mean G 0.194 T SEm(±) 0.002 LSD 0.006 G2 0.120 0.150 0.190 0.153 G 0.004 0.010 G3 0.160 0.210 0.220 0.197 TXG 0.006 0.017 G4 0.150 0.140 0.170 0.153 G5 0.160 0.200 0.237 0.199 945 G6 0.190 0.200 0.180 0.190 G7 0.140 0.170 0.200 0.170 G8 Mean T 0.140 0.153 0.150 0.176 0.170 0.200 0.153 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 Table.4.b Mean value of dry weight (g) of different green gram genotypes during 2020 G1 0.170 T0 0.180 T1 0.250 T2 Mean G 0.200 T SEm(±) 0.002 LSD 0.006 G2 0.150 0.170 0.190 0.170 G 0.003 0.009 G3 0.140 0.230 0.200 0.190 TXG 0.006 0.016 G4 0.130 0.160 0.180 0.157 G5 0.160 0.210 0.260 0.210 G6 0.160 0.230 0.200 0.197 G7 0.150 0.160 0.180 0.163 G8 Mean T 0.140 0.150 0.150 0.186 0.163 0.203 0.151 T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM-512-1, G7= TMB-37, G8= SML-1822 Table.5.a Mean value of germination percentage of different green gram genotypes during 2019 T0 T1 T2 Mean G SEm(±) LSD G1 87.41 (69.197) 92.58 (74.170) 96.67 (79.470) 92.22 (74.279) T 0.150 0.428 G2 90 (71.540) 93.33 (75.022) 96.83 (79.785) 93.38 (75.449) G 0.245 0.698 G3 90.33 (71.863) 93.5 (75.211) 95.75 (78.113) 93.19 (75.062) TXG 0.424 1.209 G4 85.75 (67.801) 89.83 (71.380) 94.33 (76.207) 89.97 (71.796) G5 88.91 (70.530) 93.66 (75.405) 97.08 (80.149) 93.22 (75.361) G6 89.5 (71.072) 94 (75.793) 96.75 (79.602) 93.41 (75.489) G7 90.33 (71.861) 91.58 (73.108) 97.08 (80.159) 93 (75.043) G8 90.41 (71.947) 91.25 (72.775) 96.08 (78.563) 92.58 (74.428) Mean T 89.08 (70.726) 92.46 (74.108) 96.32 (79.006) Table.5.b Mean value of germination percentage of different green gram genotypes during 2020 G1 87.67 T0 (69.414) 93.16 T1 (74.820) 97.17 T2 (80.354) 92.66 Mean (74.862) G T SEm(±) 0.150 LSD 0.427 G2 90.33 (71.861) 92.91 (74.549) 97.17 (80.305) 93.47 (75.572) G 0.245 0.698 G3 89.67 (71.222) 93.67 (75.412) 96.58 (79.346) 93.30 (75.327) TXG 0.424 1.209 G4 86 (68.003) 90.41 (71.949) 95.08 (77.164) 90.5 (72.372) G5 89 (70.607) 94.08 (75.900) 96.91 (79.867) 93.33 (75.458) G6 89.83 (71.386) 94.83 (76.837) 96.91 (79.867) 93.86 (76.030) G7 90.83 (72.350) 91.5 (73.021) 97.17 (80.305) 93.16 (75.225) G8 Mean T 90.67 89.5 (72.195) 70.880 91.08 92.70 (72.601) 74.386 95.83 96.60 (78.212) 79.428 92.52 (74.336) T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM-512-1, G7= TMB-37, G8= SML-1822 946 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 Table.6.a Mean value of vigour index of different green gram genotypes during 2019 T0 T1 T2 Mean G LSD SEm(±) G1 1,674.027 1,901.037 2,122.483 1,899.182 T 6.163 2.161 G2 1,126.502 1,273.068 1,388.277 1,262.616 G 10.065 3.529 G3 1,587.456 1,846.931 2,063.725 1,832.704 TXG 17.433 6.112 G4 1,358.007 1,439.133 1,649.571 1,482.237 G5 1,425.034 1,564.232 1,735.533 1,574.933 G6 1,330.863 1,446.348 1,601.217 1,459.476 G7 1,707.295 1,771.224 1,947.495 1,808.671 G8 1,317.376 1,349.889 1,531.891 1,399.719 Mean T 1,440.820 1,573.983 1,755.024 Table.6.b Mean value of vigour index of different green gram genotypes during 2020 T0 T1 T2 Mean G LSD SEm(±) G1 1,697.225 1,881.972 2,113.040 1,897.412 T 5.876 2.060 G2 1,192.998 1,262.111 1,480.166 1,311.758 G 9.596 3.364 G3 1,605.619 1,837.440 2,055.616 1,832.892 TXG 16.621 5.827 G4 1,435.624 1,405.365 1,727.977 1,522.989 G5 1,428.454 1,492.157 1,634.012 1,518.208 G6 1,304.365 1,463.273 1,630.138 1,465.926 G7 1,737.040 1,822.371 1,998.726 1,852.712 G8 Mean T 1,297.155 1,462.310 1,390.240 1,569.366 1,527.588 1,770.908 1,404.995 T= Treatments, T0= Control, T1= GA3, T2= Ag-Nanoparticle G= Genotypes, G1= Pusa Vishal, G2= PM-11-9, G3= IPM-2-3, G4= Meha (IPM 99-125), G5= Samrat, G6= IPM-512-1, G7= TMB37, G8= SML-1822 Fig.1 Germination and vigour test of primed seed of different green gram genotypes T0G1 T0G2 T0G3 T0G4 T0G5 T0G6 T0G7 T0G8 T1G1 T1G2 T1G3 T1G4 947 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 T1G5 T1G6 T1G7 T1G8 T2G1 T2G2 T2G3 T2G4 T2G5 T2G6 T2G7 T2G8 of 50 ppm GA3 and control for the exhibition of dry weight. In case of genotype over treatments, highest dry weight (0.199 g) was obtained for G5 (Samrat) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) but lowest dry weight (0.153 g) was observed in G2 (PM-11-9), G4 (Meha) and G8 (SML-1822) preceded by G7 (TMB37) during first year. In second year, the highest dry weight 0.210 g was recorded in G5 (Samrat) followed by G1 (Pusa Vishal) but lowest dry weight (0.151 g) was observed in G8 (SML-1822) preceded by G4 (Meha). Dry weight (g) While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes in first year, highest dry weight (0.237 g) was found in G5 (Samrat) followed by G1 (Pusa Vishal) when treated with T2 i.e. Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm (Table-4.a). Similar type of observation was recorded in second year also where highest dry weight (0.260 g) was found in G5 (Samrat) followed by G1 (Pusa Vishal) (Table-4.b). In the first year lowest dry weight (0.120 g) was observed for G2 (PM-11-9) when primed with distilled water preceded by G7 (TMB-37) and G8 (SML-1822) when primed with distilled water and G4 (Meha) when treated with 50 ppm GA3. But in case of the second year, lowest dry weight (0.130 g) was obtained in G4 (Meha) preceded by G3 (IPM-2-3) and G8 (SML-1822) when primed with distilled water. During both the years when treatment over genotypes was considered, influence of T2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) was significantly superior (0.200 g for 1st year and 0.203g for 2nd year) to that If ranking was made amongst the genotypes about its dry weight over treatments, it could be noted for the first year- G5˃ G3˃ G1˃ G6˃ G7˃ G2= G4= G8 and for the second year- G5˃ G1˃ G6˃ G3˃ G2˃ G7˃ G4˃ G8. Germination percentage During first year significantly highest germination percentage (93.41) was observed in G6 (IPM-512-1) followed by G2 (PM-11-9) when the average was made over the 948 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 treatments, while the lowest germination percentage (89.97) was recognized for G4 (Meha) preceded by G1 (Pusa Vishal) (Table5.a). The treatment over genotypes, T2 (AgNanoparticle @ 20 ppm) was significantly higher than that of 50 ppm GA3 and control for the exhibition of germination percentage for both the years. While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, significantly maximum germination percentage (97.08) was recorded for G7 (TMB-37) and G5 (Samrat) followed by G2 (PM-11-9) after application of 20 ppm AgNanoparticle, and the lowest germination percentage (85.75) was recorded for G4 (PM11-9) preceded by G1 (Pusa Vishal) when primed with distilled water (Fig. 1). for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-23), while it was minimum (1,262.616) for G2 (PM-11-9) preceded by G8 (SML-1822) during 2019 (Table 6.a). The treatment over the genotypes, maximum vigour index was observed for T2 (Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm) (1,755.024 and 1,770.908 respectively) for both the years. In case of considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, the significantly highest vigour index (2,122.483) was obtained for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle, while minimum vigour index (1,126.502) was obtained for G2 (PM-11-9) when primed with distilled water preceded by the same genotype when treated with 50 ppm of GA3. Similar to the first year genotypes over treatments, germination percentage of G6 (IPM-512-1) was also found to be maximum (93.86) followed by that of G2 (PM-11-9) during 2020 (Table-5.b). The lowest germination percentage (90.5) was observed G4 (Meha) was preceded by G8 (SML-1822). While considering the interaction between genotypes and treatments, a significantly maximum germination percentage (97.17) was recorded for G1 (Pusa Vishal), G2 (PM11-9) and G7 (TMB-37) followed by G5 (Samrat) and G6 (IPM-512-1) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle while lowest germination percentage (86) was recorded for G4 (Meha) preceded by G1 (Pusa Vishal) when primed with distilled water. The genotype over treatments vigour index was significantly higher in the case of G1 (Pusa Vishal) i.e 1,897.412 followed by G7 (TMB-37) during 2020 and similar to first year, lowest vigour index (1,311.758) was observed in G2 (PM-11-9) preceded by G8 (SML-1822) (Table 6.b). While considering the interaction between treatments and genotypes, the highest vigour index (2,113.040) was obtained for G1 (Pusa Vishal) followed by G3 (IPM-2-3) after application of 20 ppm Ag-Nanoparticle, while the lowest vigour index (1,192.998) was obtained for G2 (PM-11-9) when primed with distilled water preceded by the same genotype when treated with 50 ppm of GA3. When the ranking was made about its vigour index amongst the genotypes over treatments, it could be noted as G1˃ G3˃ G7˃ G5˃ G4˃ G6˃ G8˃ G2 for the first year and G1˃ G7˃ G3˃ G4˃ G5˃ G6˃ G8˃ G2 for the second year. Ranking of germination percentage amongst the genotypes over treatments noticed as G6˃ G2˃ G5˃ G3˃ G7˃ G8˃ G1 ˃ G4 for the first year and G6˃ G2˃ G5˃ G3˃ G7˃ G1˃ G8˃ G4 for the second year. It can be concluded that Ag-Nanoparticle @ 20 ppm was the best treatment among the other treatments like GA3 and control as germination and vigour index was observed maximum during both the years. Significantly Vigour index Among the genotypes over treatments, the highest vigour index (1,899.182) was noted 949 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 941-950 highest germination percentage (93.41 and 93.86) was observed in G6 (IPM-512-1) when average was made over the treatments in both the years which is near to G1 (Pusa Vishal) i.e 92.22 and 92.66. In case of genotype over treatments, highest vigour index (1,899.182 and 1,897.412) was observed for G1 (Pusa Vishal) in both the years. Among the genotypes Pusa Vishal had highest vigour and second highest in germination. So, Pusa Vishal was proved to be the best. under salt stress. Biol. Planta. 46: 6366. ISTA 1985. International rule for seed testing. Seed Sci. Tech., 13:299-355. Nawaz, J., Hussain, M., Jabbar, A., Nadeem, G.A., Sajid, M., Subtain, M.U. and Shabbir, I., (2013). Seed priming a technique. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 6(20): 1373. Parveen, A., & Rao, S. (2015). 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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(03): 941-950. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.119 950