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Vietnam and Japan Joint ICT HRD Program Content 1. The Internet and WWW 2. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) 3. Web Application model ICT 5 Web Development Chapter 11-1. Introduction to Web Programming Nguyen Thi Thu Trang trangntt--fit@mail.hut.edu.vn trangntt 1 2 Content 1.1. The Internet 1. The Internet and WWW 2. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) 3. Web Application model A network of networks ‹ Began B in i 1969 as ARPA ARPAnett (Advanced (Ad d Research Projects Agency) ‹ No central authority and thus impossible to state the precise size ‹ 3 1 1.1. The Internet (2) 1.2. The World Wide Web ‹ Free access to central servers that allow ll machines hi and d people l tto locate l t other machines by their Internet address. Developed by Tim Berners Berners--Lee at CERN in 1990 ‹ The idea of documents that contain hyperlinks to other documents on the Internet ‹ W3 or Web for short ‹ – e.g. 100.99.88.32 NeXT Computer The first Web server 5 1.3. Web page or Webpage 1.2. The World Wide Web (2) ‹ World Wide Web ‹ – a document or resource of information that is suitable for the WWW and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a computer screen – a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet ‹ HyperText Markup Language (HTML) – document layout language for all Web Documents ‹ HyperText ‹ usually in HTML or XHTML format – XHTML (Extensible (E tensible HTML) HTML): Intersection between HTML and XML Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – allows any machine to load a document via a hyperlink from any other machine a Web document ‹ requested and served from web servers using HTTP 8 2 1.4. Web site or Website ‹ ‹ Content 1. The Internet and WWW 2. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) 3. Web Application model a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address in an Internet ProtocolProtocol-based network hosted on at least one web server, accessible via the Internet or a private local area network. 9 10 URI Generic Syntax 2.1. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) ‹ ‹ A string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet Classification – URN: a person's name – URL: that person's streetstreet-address ÆURN defines an item's identity ÆURL provides a method for finding it RFC 3986 ‹ Components C t ‹ – Scheme – Authority – Path – Query – Fragment http://www.google.com/search?q=test#prs scheme authority path query fragment 3 2.2. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) 2.2. Uniform Resource Locator (2) created in 1990 by Tim BernersBerners-Lee as part of the URI ‹ specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it ‹ separated by dots, and the file path, separated by slashes, slashes as a coherent hierarchical path ‹ ‹ ‹ Document P th (Directory Path (Di t or Folder) F ld ) Internet Address (Web site) ‹ ‹ 1. The Internet and WWW 2. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) 3. Web Application model globally unique and persistent name of a resource on the Internet Syntax: ::= "urn:" ":" ‹ Means of access, HyperText Transfer Protocol Content 2.3. Uniform Resource Name (URN) ‹ Example http://www.annex.com/southwest/museum.htm 13 ‹ Syntax resource_type://domain:port/filepathname?query_string#anchor resource type://domain:port/filepathname?query string#anchor is the Namespace Identifier is the Namespace Specific String Example ‹ urn:isbn:0451450523 ‹ ‹ urn:isan:0000--0000urn:isan:0000 0000-9E59 9E59--00000000-O-00000000-00000000-2 ‹ ‹ The URN for "The The Last Unicorn" Unicorn , identified by its book number. The URN for "Spider"Spider-Man (film)", identified by its audiovisual number. … 15 16 4 Client Server Model Client Server Model (Web) ‹A simple network model ‹ Used by various network applications ‹ Client: User Agent ‹ Server: Web server Request HTTP Request Client User Agent Server Response HTTP Response Web Application Evolution – Static Client Web Browser Network Web Server Web Application Evolution – Dynamic Server HTTP Request Web Server HTTP Response File System ‹ ‹ Organizations want to make their information available to as many people in the world as possible This can be achieved by using the Web, delivering the information as static HTML pages 20 5 Web Application – Dynamic More than one Web server? 21 22 Question? 23 6