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LE XUAN TRONG (Chu bien) TCr NGOC ANH - LE KIM LONG I I i N A N G CAO NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAM Lfi XUAN TRQNG (Chu bien) TU NGOC ANH - Lfi KIM LONG Bai tap HOA HOC 10 NANG CAO (Tdi bdn ldn thd tu) N H A X U A T BAN GIAO DUC VI^T NAM Chu thich cac tir viet tat ' dung dich xt xiic tac H2S04d H2SO4 dac dktc dieu kien ti6u chudn 1 long k khf l-l dd rdn hs hoc sinh cht c6ng hoa tri Ban quyen thuoc Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam 01-2010/CXB/640-1485/GD Ma s6: NBOO8T0 PHAN M 6 T : CAU HOI VA BAI TAP ChKcfng 1 NGUYEN TLf BAI ON TAP 1.1. Ne'u chia d6i lien tiep m6t vien bi sSt de'n khi co duoc phan tit nho nha't con mang tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua sat, phdn tit nho nha't nay duoc goilagi? 1.2. Cho mot mdu nudc da, ne'u cii chia dOi mdu nu6c da lien tie'p den khi thu duoc phdn tit nho nha't con mang tinh chdt hoa hoc dac trung ciia nudc. Phdn tit nho nhdt nay duoc goi la gi ? 1.3. Trong 0,1 mol mu6'i an co bao nhieu phan tit NaCl ? Mot luong sdt kim loai nguyen chdt chiJa 3,01.10 nguyen tit sat tuong duong vdi bao nhieu mol nguyen tit sdt ? 1.4. d didu kien tieu chudn (dktc) m6t mol khi chie'm m6t thi tich bdng A. 22,4 m l B. 22,4dml Hay chon dap an diing. C. 22,4 c m ^ D. 2,24 cml 1.5. a) M6t nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i lucmg bdng 1,99.10"^^ kg. Hoi m6t mol nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i luong bdng bao nhieu gam ? b) M6t mol phan tif C2H5OH co khdi lugfng bdng 46 g. Hoi mot phan tu C2H5OH CO khdi luong bdng bao nhieu gam ? 1.6. Hay xac dinh s6' mol chat co trong : a) 14,2 g khf clo ; b) 10 g canxi cacbonat; c) 16 g Imi huynh ; d) 34 g amoniac. 1.7. Tinh s6 mol HCI cdn thie't d^ phan iing viita dii vdi: a) 20 ml dung dich NaOH 0,1 M ; b) 5,6 g sdt; c) 16 g sdt(III) oxit; d) 9,8 g d6ng(II) hidroxit. 1.8. Cho bie't 6 dilu kien tieu chudn (1 atm va 0°C), kh^i luong rieng cua nito bdng 1,25 g/dm^. Xac dinh phan tif khO'i cua nito. 1.9. Cho khdi luong rieng cua ancol etylic (C2HgOH) long la 0,80 g/cml Thi tich mol cua ancol etylic bdng A. 57,5 c m l B. 5,75 c m l C. 36,80 c m l D. 3,68 c m l Hay chon dap an diing. 1.10. Cho dong khf CO du di qua 7,2 g d6ng(II) oxit nung nong or nhiet dd thfch hop cho de'n phan iing hoan toan thi thu duoc CO2 va d6ng kim loai. Hay : a) Tfnh khdi lugng d6ng thu dugc sau phan iing. b) Tfnh the tfch khf CO (of dktc) da tham gia phan iing. 1.11. Nhiet phan hoan toan 18,8 g mu6'i d6ng(II) nitrat thi thu dugc d6ng(II) oxit, khf NO2 va khf oxi. Tfnh khdi lugng ddng(II) oxit thu dugc. 1.12. Chgn cau diing trong cac cau sau : A. Trong phan ihig hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat trong phan ling khdng thay ddi do cac nguyen td dugc bao toan. B. Trong phan iing hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat trong phan ling thay doi do cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan. C. Khdi lugng cac nguyen td cd mat trong phan iing thay ddi do cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan. D. Sd nguyen tif cac nguyen td cd mat trong phan iing thay ddi do cdc nguyen td' khdng dugc bao toan. Bail T H A N H PHAN NGUYEN iCf 1.13. Sir dung sd lieu cho trong (bang 1.1) SGK, hay tfnh va tra ldi cac cau hoi sau : a) Khdi lugng cua mdt proton bang bao nhieu ldn khdi lugng cua electron ? b) Khdi lugng cua electron bdng bao nhidu phdn khdi lugng cua natron ? c) Nguyen tir heli cd 2 proton, 2 natron va 2 electron. Hoi khdi lugng ciia cac electron chidm bao nhieu % khd'i lugng nguyen tit ? 1.14. Trong 1 kg sdt cd bao nhieu gam electron ? Cho bidt mdt mol nguyen t i sdt CO khdi lugng bdng 55,85 g, mdt nguydn tit sdt cd 26 electron. 1.15. Cho rdng hat nhan nguydn tit va chfnh nguyen tit H cd dang hinh cdu. Hat nhan nguyen tit hidro cd ban kfnh gdn diing bdng 10 nm, ban kfnh nguyen tit H bdng 0,053 nm. a) Hay tfnh va so sanh th^ tfch cua nguyen tit hidro vdi Xhi tfch cua hat nhan nguyen tit hidro. b) Hay tfnh va so sanh khdi lugng rieng cua hat nhan va cua nguyen tit hidro. Cho bie't cdng thiic tfnh thi tfch hinh cdu Id V = ——- trong dd r la ban kfnh hinh cdu. 1.16. Cho bie't lu = 1,6605.10"^'' kg, nguyen tit khdi cua oxi bdng 15,999. Hay tfnh khd'i lugng cua mdt nguydn tii oxi ra kilogam. 1.17. Cho bie't khdi lugng nguydn tit cua C gdp 11,905 ldn khdi lugng nguyen tif cua hidro. Hay tfnh khd'i lugng nguyen tii cua hidro ra u va gam, khi coi khd'i lugng nguyen tit ciia C bdng 12. Bai 2 HAT NHAN NGUYEN T(S NGUYEN TO HOA HOC 1.18. Nguyen td hoa hgc la A. nhiing nguyen tii cd ciing dien tich hat nhan. B. nhiing nguydn tif cd cung sd khd'i. C. nhiing nguyen tif cd ciing sd natron. D. nhihig phan tit cd ciing phan tft khdi. Hay chgn cau dung. 1.19. Chi la mdt nguydn td hod hgc dac bidt cd Z = 82, thudng dugc sit dung di lam tdm chdn phdng xa. Ti le sd ncrtron/sd proton trong nguydn tit chi dugc coi la gidi han bin cua hat nhan. Hay xac dinh ti Id nay trong nguyen tit cua nguyen td chi ddng vi ^°^Pb va suy ra dilu kien bin cua cac hat nhan. 1.20. Tdng sd p, n, e trong nguydn tut cua nguydn td X la 10. Sd khd'i ciia nguyen tit nguyen td X bdng A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7. Hay chgn gia tri diing. 1.21. Nguydn tft ciia nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 58, s6 hat proton gdn bdng sd hat natron. Tfnh Z va A cua nguydn td X. 1.22. Nguyen tft cfta nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 82, tdng sd hat mang dien nhilu han tdng sd hat khdng mang dien la 22 hat. Xac dinh Z, A va vie't kf hieu nguyen tft cua nguyen td X. 1.23. Cho cac nguyen td X, Y, Z. Tdng sd hat p, n va e trong cac nguyen tft ldn lugt la 16, 58 va 78. Sd natron trong hat nhan va sd hieu nguyen tft cua mdi nguyen td khac nhau khdng qua 1 dan vi. Hay xac dinh cdc nguyen td va vidt kf hieu cua cac nguyen td. 1.24. Trong day kf hieu cac nguyen tft sau : 14 » 7A; 16t) gtJ; 15p, 7*^; 18pj 56x3 56p gU; 36^; 27^; 17^ 20TT 23T 8*-'; l O " ; 111; IITJT IQK Cac kf hieu nao chi cung mdt nguyen td hoa hgc. Sft dung bang tudn hoan cac nguyen td hod hgc hay xac dinh cac nguyen td da cho. Cho bilt ten ggi cua nguyen td, sd hat n, p, e cdu tao ndn 1 nguyen tft cua cac nguySn td vfta xac dinh. Bai 3 NGUYEN TCT KHOI VA NGUYEN T Q KHOI TRUNG BINH 0 6 N G VI, 1.25. Ddng vi la nhiing A. hgp chdt cd cung dien tfch hat nhan. B. nguyen td cd ciing didn tfch hat nhan. C. nguyen td cd cung sd khd'i A. D. nguyen tft cd ciing dien tfch hat nhan va khac nhau vl sd khd'i. Hay chgn cau dting. 1.26. Trong tu nhien brom cd hai ddng vi bin : 35 Br chidm 50,69% sd nguyen tft 81 va jgBr chidm 49,31% sd' nguyen tft. Hay tim nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua brom. 1.27. Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua Ni theo sd khd'i cua cac ddng vi trong tu nhien cua Ni theo sd lieu sau : iNi; > i ; fgNi; ^Ni; f^Ni. 68,27% 26,10% 1,13% 3,59% 0,91% 27 1.28. Mdt nguydn td X cd hai ddng vi vdi ti le sd nguydn tft la —• Hat nhan nguyen tft X cd 35 proton. Trong nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft nhdt cd 44 natron. Sd natron trong nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai nhilu hon trong ddng vi thft nhdt la 2 natron. Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cfta nguyen tdX(Ax). 1.29. Nguydn td X cd 3 ddng vila Xj chie'm 92,23%, Xj chidm 4,67% va X3 chie'm 3,10%. Tdng sd khd'i cua ba ddng vi bdng 87. Sd natron trong X2 nhilu hon trong Xj mdt hat. Nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua X la Ax = 28,0855. a) Hay tim Xj, X2 va X3. b) Ndu trong X, cd sd natron bdng sd proton. Hay tim sd natron trong nguyen tft cua mdi ddng vi. 1.30. Cho mdt dung dich chfta 8,19 g mudi NaX tac dung vdi mdt lugng du dung dich AgNOj thu dugc 20,09 g kd't tua. a) Tim nguyen tft khdi va ggi tdn X. b) X cd hai ddng vi, gia sft sd nguyen tft cfta ddng vi thft nha't nhilu gdp 3 ldn sd nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai. Hat nhan ddng vi thft nha't c6 it hon hat nhan ddng vi thft hai 2 natron. Tim sd khdi cfta mdi ddng vi. 1.31. Cho bidt nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua iridi la 192,22. Iridi trong tu nhidn cd hai ddng vi la ^77 Ir va ^77 Ir. Hay tfnh phdn tram sd nguydn tft va phdn tram sd mol gdn dung cho hai ddng vi cua iridi. 1.32. Trong tu nhien agon cd 3 loai ddng vi bin vdi ti le % nguydn tft la : ?g^Ar JgAr ^Ar 0,337% 0,063% 99,6% Cho rdng nguydn tft khd'i cua cac ddng vi trung vdi sd' khd'i cua chiing. The tfch cua 20 g agon (d dktc) bdng A. 1,121 d m l B. 1,120 d m l C. 11,2146 d m l D. 11,200 dml Hay chgn phuang an dung. 1.33. Trong tu nhien oxi cd ba ddng v i : ^ | o ; ^gO ; ^gO; Cacbon cd hai ddng vi la: gC ; gC. Hoi cd thd cd bao nhidu loai phan tft khf cacbonic hgp thanh tft cac ddng vi trdn ? Vid't cdng thftc phan tft va tfnh phan tft khdi cfta chiing. 1.34. Trong tu nhidn ddng vi j^Cl chidm 24,23 % sd nguydn tft clo. Tinh thdnh phdn phdn tram vl khd'i lugng 17 Cl cd trong HCIO4 (vdi H la ddng vi j H, O la ddng vi ^g O) ? Cho nguyen tft khdi trung binh cua clo bdng 35,5. Bai 4 SL; C H U Y E N DONG COA ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN TCT. OBITAN NGUYEN TCT 1.35. Hay neu su khdc biet chfnh trong vide md ta chuydn ddng cua cdc electron theo md hinh nguydn tft cu va md hinh hidn dai. 8