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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.387 Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Seed Morphometric Characters by Using Seed Image Analyser Elizabeth1*, N.M. Shakuntala2, Basave Gowda3, K. Mahantashivayogayya4, J.R. Dewan5 and I.M. Sangeeta6 1 Department of Seed Science and Technology, AC Raichur, UAS Raichur, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Seed Science and Technology, AC Raichur, Karnataka, India 3 Special Officer (Seeds) UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India 4 ARS Gangavathi, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, AC Raichur, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India 5 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 6Department of Seed Science and Technology, AC, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Global grain, Seed shape Article Info Accepted: 24 August 2018 Available Online: 10 December 2018 An image analysis technique is well suited for the collection of data concerning the shape and size of the seeds. Such morphological data is often used for establishing the distinctness of new varieties. Seed morphometric characters like seed length, breadth, length to breadth ratio (seed shape) and thousand seed weight were determined for hundred rice genotypes by using Biovis image analyser. As seed size is a widely accepted measure of seed quality by different scientists, study was conducted to determine whether seed size really affects seedling establishment and to its vigour in rice genotypes. Digital image analysis has proven to be a viable approach for the quantitative characterization of cultivars. It helps in distinguishing the cultivars, representing the separation of short, medium and long, as well as brown and white rice varieties using a combination of the descriptors including average length, breadth, shape factor, and compactness. Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a “Global Grain” cultivated widely across the world and feeds millions of mankind. It is the staple food for more than half of the human population and in Asia alone more than 2 billion people depend on rice and its products for their food intake. Seed morphometric characters viz., seed size, seed width, seed length to breadth ratio (seed shape) and thousand seed weight were determined, the genotype Gangavathi emergency was found to be numerically highest and IET-220551 genotype was found to be numerically lowest in all the seed characters and were grouped into different categories. It was noticed that seed size is related with seed vigour, larger seeds tend to produce more vigorous seedlings. The seed size indicated the amount of reserve food 3368 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 supply for seedlings. Small and shrivelled seeds do not contain as much food to give the plant a vigorous start that of bold and plumby seeds. Seed size is the main factor that affects seeding rates. Seed morphometric characters play an important role in characterization and grouping of rice genotypes. Accurate identification of genotypes or varieties for assessment of genetic variability is very useful from initial parent selection to the final utilization of cultivars in production schemes. Diversity analysis is an essential process for proper identification of the genetic relatedness of the available genetic resources. It is also required for effective choice of parents for subsequent crossing and selection of the progenies. Morphological or phenotypic descriptors have traditionally been used to distinguish one accession from the other but they are subjected to environmental influences. Materials and Methods Hundred rice genotypes viz., IET-23304, IET26286, IET-24796, IET-22066, IET-25576, IET-25546, IET-26282, IET-26234, IET22067, IET-25577, IET-22051, IET-24053, IET-24798, IET-24799, IET-25597, IET25677, IET-25548, IET-25551, IET-25598, IET- 25583, IET-24796, IET-25557, IET23356, IET-23748, IET-26217, IET-26218, IET-26219, IET-26222, IET-26225, IET25546, IET-26230, IET-26231, IET-26232, IET-26233, IET-26223, IET-26280, IET26281, IET-26283, IET-26294, IET-26295, IET-26296, IET-23304, IET-26240, IET23355, IET-24705, IET-25605, IET-24903, IET-24911, IET-25557, IET-25559, IET25580, IET-24708, IET-25584, IET-23996, IET-26220, IET-26221, IET-26224, IET26226, IET-26227, IET-26228, IET-26290, IET-26291, IET-26292, IET-26293, IET23324, MSB-43-1-2, 23959, IR-72875-53, IET-26238, IET-26239, IET-26241, IET- 26242, IET-26243, SMW-09-32, GNV-10-89, IET-26235, IET-26236, IET-26277, IET26289, DRR-Dhan-44, Gangavathi emergency, GNV-11-09, IABT-17, RP-Bio26, IET-24767, IET-26237, PR-124, GNV-1496-1, GNV-1415, KRGL-20, 26237, GNV1405 and Biovis seed image analyser which is used as an image processing programme, less time consuming system, were used in this study and were maintained at Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur. A range of seed traits were measured using the procedures described below. Morphological characters Seed morphological characters viz., length (mm), breadth (mm) and length to breadth ratio was measured by taking ten seeds with ten replications using Biovis image analyser and were grouped into different categories. For seed length they were grouped into short (<7.5mm), medium (7.5-9mm), long (910mm) and very long (>10mm), for seed breadth the genotypes were classified into narrow (1.9-2.2mm), medium (2.2-2.8mm), broad (>2.88mm) and elongated (>3mm) groups and for seed length to breadth ratio (seed shape) they were grouped into spherical (<2), semi spherical (2-2.4) and semi long (2.4-3) categories. Seed colour was observed under daylight and were grouped into different groups viz., straw, golden and yellow colour. Results and Discussion Rice genotypes used for the study varied significantly for seed length, seed breadth and seed length to breadth ratio (seed shape). The highest seed length, breadth and length to breadth ratio was observed in Gangavathi emergency (11.29 mm), (3.6mm) and (3.65) lowest was found in IET-255051 (7.01mm), (1.90mm) and (2.32) respectively (Table 1). 3369 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 Table.1 Grouping of rice genotypes based on seed morphometric characters Sl. no. Genotypes Seed length (mm) Category Seed breadth (mm) Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Sl no. IET-24053 IET-23304 IET-24705 IET-26286 IET-24798 IET-24796 IET-24799 IET-22066 IET-25597 IET-25600 IET-25605 IET-25548 IET-25576 IET-24903 IET-24911 IET-25551 IET-25598 IET-24902 Genotypes 8.24 7.47 9.06 7.29 8.99 7.46 8.32 7.18 8.42 8.83 9.41 8.77 7.01 9.52 9.12 8.96 8.59 9.18 Seed length (mm) Medium Short Long Short Medium Short Medium Short Medium Medium Long Medium Short Long Long Medium Medium Long Category 2.38 2.17 3.16 2.09 2.57 2.16 3.57 2.19 2.23 2.74 2.80 2.64 2.12 3.38 3.07 2.29 2.42 3.37 Seed breadth (mm) Medium Narrow Broad Narrow Medium Narrow Broad Narrow Medium Medium Medium Medium Narrow Broad Broad Medium Medium Broad Category 19 20 21 22 23 IET-25582 IET-25557 IET-25559 IET-24796 IET-25552 8.94 9.24 9.12 7.53 8.01 Medium Long Long Medium Medium 3.13 3.26 3.35 2.23 2.49 Broad Broad Broad Medium Medium 3370 Seed length/ breadth ratio 3.53 3.55 2.91 3.56 3.54 3.21 2.32 3.26 3.75 3.17 3.39 3.35 2.92 2.85 2.74 3.99 3.61 2.78 Seed length/ breadth ratio 3.41 2.89 2.77 3.88 3.65 Category Seed colour 1000 seed weight (g) Category Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi spherical Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Semi long Category Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Golden colour Straw colour Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Straw colour Yellow colour Straw colour Seed colour 14.72 14.88 17.52 14.18 18.71 17.13 20.03 14.95 21.13 21.08 14.96 14.15 17.15 19.19 15.55 16.26 15.18 16.27 1000 seed weight (g) Light Light Light Light Medium Light Medium Light Medium Medium Light Light Light Medium Light Light Light Light Category Elongated Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Yellow colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour 17.75 23.51 17.12 14.09 19.55 Light Heavy Light Light Medium Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Sl no. IET-23356 IET-23748 IET-25580 IET-24708 IET-25584 IET-25546 IET-23996 IET-26217 IET-26218 IET-26219 IET-26220 IET-26221 IET-26222 IET-25546 IET-26224 IET-26225 Genotypes 8.66 8.52 9.46 9.18 9.55 7.11 9.17 8.94 8.85 8.16 9.16 9.13 8.45 7.69 9.16 8.7 Seed length (mm) Medium Medium Long Long Long Short Long Medium Medium Medium Long Long Medium Medium Long Medium Category 2.28 2.67 3.42 3.05 3.31 2.20 3.62 2.37 2.71 2.59 3.56 3.46 2.81 2.29 3.24 2.54 Seed breadth (mm) Medium Medium Broad Broad Broad Narrow Broad Medium Medium Medium Broad Broad Broad Medium Broad Medium Category 40 41 42 43 44 .45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 IET-26226 IET-26227 IET-26228 GNV-10-89 IET-26229 IET-26230 IET-26231 IET-26232 IET-26233 IET-26235 IET-26236 IET-26277 IET-26278 9.14 9.24 9.85 10.96 9.94 8.72 8.95 8.29 8.88 10.11 10.15 10.07 9.76 Long Long Long Very long Long Medium Medium Medium Medium Very long Very long Very long Long 3.25 3.22 3.08 3.13 3.43 2.20 2.58 2.64 2.24 3.62 3.11 2.92 2.85 Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Narrow Medium Medium Medium Broad Broad Broad Broad 3371 3.88 3.26 2.81 2.86 2.95 2.99 2.57 3.81 3.31 3.42 2.61 2.68 3.06 3.23 2.87 3.45 Seed length/ breadth ratio 2.86 2.92 3.24 3.53 3.04 3.94 3.52 3.41 4.04 2.79 3.28 3.48 3.47 Elongated Elongated Semi long Semi long Semi long Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Category Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Golden colour Straw colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Seed colour 23.46 16.17 16.13 19.87 20.28 20.96 20.87 17.33 17.11 13.15 12.77 21.18 20.19 14.20 19.28 17.06 1000 seed weight (g) Heavy Light Light Medium Medium Medium Medium Light Light Light Light Medium Medium Light Medium Light Category Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Yellow colour Yellow colour Golden colour Straw colou Straw colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Golden colour Straw colour 34.05 18.77 18.16 26.16 17.45 19.25 18.64 21.09 20.12 19.49 17.17 24.25 23.24 Heavy Medium Medium Heavy Light Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Light Heavy Heavy Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Sl no. IET-26279 IET-26280 IET-26223 IET-26281 IET-26282 IET-26283 IET-26284 IET-26285 Genotypes 9.54 8.07 8.14 8.38 7.22 8.91 9.14 9.01 Seed length (mm) Long Medium Medium Medium Short Medium Long Long Category 3.13 2.26 2.84 2.34 2.09 2.52 1.97 1.95 Seed breadth (mm) Broad Medium Broad Medium Narrow Medium Narrow Narrow Category 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Sl IET-26287 IET-26288 IET-26289 DRR- Dhan-44 Gangavathi emergency GNV-11-09 IET-26290 IET-26291 IET-26292 IET-26293 IET-26294 IET-26295 IET-26234 IET-22066 IET-26296 IET-23304 IET-25577 IET-23324 MSB-43-1-2 IET-23959 Genotypes 9.16 9.18 10.16 11.13 11.29 10.08 9.99 9.31 9.39 9.19 8.58 8.72 7.33 7.21 8.18 8.69 7.48 9.19 9.97 9.28 Seed Long Long Very long Very long Very long Very long Long Long Long Long Medium Medium Short Short Medium Medium Short Long Long Long Category 2.11 1.95 2.05 3.54 3.66 3.63 3.27 3.49 3.23 3.53 2.06 2.93 2.14 2.02 2.24 2.44 2.57 3.17 3.39 3.61 Seed Narrow Narrow Narrow Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Narrow Broad Narrow Narrow Medium Medium Medium Broad Broad Broad Category 3372 3.09 3.97 2.92 3.61 2.61 3.55 2.80 2.83 Seed length/ breadth ratio 2.82 2.81 3.22 3.38 3.65 3.03 3.08 2.79 2.93 2.64 3.91 3.04 3.22 2.79 3.73 3.61 3.74 2.94 2.99 2.61 Seed Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Semi long Elongated Semi long Semi long Category Yellow colour Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Golden colour Golden colour Straw colour Yellow colour Seed colour 24.12 17.07 14.16 17.94 14.09 19.49 23.46 19.57 1000 seed weight (g) Heavy Light Light Light Light Medium Heavy Medium Category Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Semi long Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Semi long Semi long Category Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Yellow colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Straw colour Yellow colour Seed colour 18.27 17.78 17.17 29.16 32.14 26.28 16.36 16.31 17.94 16.27 21.12 16.28 14.08 14.18 17.14 16.19 14.19 19.98 20.17 20.91 1000 Medium Medium Medium Heavy Heavy Heavy Light Light Light Light Medium Light Light Light Light Light Light Medium Medium Medium Category Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 no. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 length (mm) IABT-17 IET-255051 IR-72875-5-3 IET-23355 RP-Bio-226 IET-24767 PR-124 IET-26237 IET-26238 IET-26239 IET-26240 IET-26241 SMW-09-32 IET-26242 IET-26243 GNV-14-96-1 GNV-1415 IET-26247 KRGL-20 GNV-1405 Mean Minimum Maximum S.Em CD@1% 11.08 7.01 9.11 8.94 11.17 10.16 11.24 10.07 9.36 9.89 8.39 9.19 9.69 9.98 9.49 11.28 10.62 10.09 11.03 10.08 9.08 7.01 11.29 0.02 0.07 breadth (mm) Very long Short Long Medium Very long Very long Very long Very long Long Long Medium Long Long Long Long Very long Very long Very long Very long Very long 3.32 1.90 3.85 2.39 3.11 3.47 3.28 3.18 3.48 3.18 2.24 3.53 3.12 3.28 3.17 3.19 3.22 3.14 3.09 2.88 2.84 1.90 3.66 0.27 Broad Narrow Broad Medium Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Medium Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad 1.01 length/ breadth ratio 3.39 2.32 2.40 3.80 3.56 3.03 3.47 3.24 2.72 3.16 3.78 2.66 3.14 3.09 3.03 3.14 3.31 3.37 3.61 3.63 3.20 2.32 3.65 0.03 Elongated Semi spherical Semi spherical Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Elongated Semi long Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Elongated Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour Straw colour Golden colour Golden colour Golden colour Straw colour Straw colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Yellow colour Straw colour 0.12 Category: Seed length; Category: Seed breadth; Category: Seed length/breadth ratio (Seed shape); Category: 1000 seed weight; Light: 12-18g Short: < 7.5 mm Narrow: 1.9-2.2 mm Spherical: < 2.0 Medium: 18-23g Medium: 7.5-9 mm Medium: 2.2-2.8 mm Semi spherical: 2-2.4 Heavy: > 23g Long: 9-10 mm Broad: > 2.8 mm Semi-long: 2.4-3 Very long: >10 mm Elongated: > 3mm 3373 seed weight (g) 32.11 13.69 15.18 17.28 27.11 16.28 32.16 17.43 15.79 15.54 23.47 15.17 18.69 17.68 15.14 25.68 31.18 19.18 17.69 32.14 19.12 13.69 32.14 0.04 0.13 Heavy Light Light Light Heavy Light Heavy Light Light Light Heavy Light Medium Light Light Heavy Heavy Medium Light Heavy Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 Based on the mean of seed length, breadth and shape the genotypes were grouped into different categories. Seed morphological studies can be made automatically by using Image Analysis System, i.e., by Biovis Seed Image Analyser. Seed morphological characters viz., size, length, breadth, length to breath ratio and colour were used for genotype characterization. A digital image analysis provides an alternative to the manual classification of biological seed by integrating an image acquisition device and a computer. Similar works were carried out by Mattana et al., (2008), Firathgil et al., (2010), Chavan (2010), Medina et al., (2010), Bacchetta et al., (2011) and Grillo et al., (2011). Genetic analysis of these two quantitative traits have been reported by many scientists and most have shown that grain shape of rice is quantitatively inherited Zhang et al., (2007) showed that rice grain shape is controlled by triploid endosperm gene, cytoplasmic gene and genotype by environment interaction. Based on the colour of the seed, the genotypes were classified into three groups golden colour, straw colour and yellow colour. However, the seed colour is also influenced by environmental conditions during ripening, besides the genetic effect (Pascual et al., 1993). Thus, it is important to note that such comparisons are valid only, if the crop is not adversely affected by rains, moulds or any other biotic and abiotic stresses and the crop is grown under similar agro-climatic conditions. Seed colour is considered to be a heritable character and has been used by several scientists to distinguish crop genotypes (Chakrabarthy and Agarwal, 1990; Agarwal and Pawar, 1990), particularly in rice (Nethra, 2003 and Rimpi, 2008). The genotype Gangavathi emergency possess highest while IET-255051 possess lowest seed length, seed breadth, seed length to breadth ratio, other different rice genotypes. Seeds having more seed weight and seed size have higher seedling vigour which are preferred for better crop establishment. Seed size will be more influential parameter for processing and fixing the seed rate. Hence each variety will be having varied seed rates. The study helps to know the vigour, seed rate, processing designing and fineness for consumption. It is useful for seed industry as well as commercial food industry. An image analysis technique is well suited for the collection of data concerning the shape and size of objects and this applies to plant organs as well as seeds. Such morphological data is often used for establishing the distinctness of new varieties in statutory plant breeding schemes. References Agarwal, R. L. and Pawar, A., 1990, Identification of soybean varieties based on seed and seedling characteristics. Seed Res., 18(1): 77-81. Bacchetta, G., Fenu, G., Grub, O., Mattana, E. and Venora. G., 2011, Species identification by seeds image analysis of Astragalus sect. Melanocercis Bunge (Fabaceae) in Sardinia. Annales Botanici Fennici. in press. Chakrabarty, S. K. and Agrawal, R. L., 1990, Identification of blackgram varieties utilization of morphological characteristics of seedlings. Seed Res., 17(2):139- 142. Chavan, N. G., 2010, Characterization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] varieties through morphological, chemical, molecular markers and image analyzer. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka. 3374 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 3368-3375 Firathgil, E., Sarka, B., Bubnik, Z., Schejbal, M. and Kadlec, P., (2010), Size properties of legume seeds of different varieties using image analysis. J. Food Engg., 99: 445-451. Grillo, O., Miceli, C. and Venora, G., 2011, Computerised image analysis applied to inspection of vetch seeds for varietal identification. Seed Sci. Technol., 39(2): 490-500. 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Field Crops Res, 91(3): 161-170. How to cite this article: Elizabeth, N.M. Shakuntala, Basave Gowda, K. Mahantashivayogayya, J.R. Dewan and Sangeeta, I.M. 2018. Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Seed Morphometric Characters by Using Seed Image Analyser. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(12): 3368-3375. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.387 3375