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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.295 Effects of Organic and Inorganic Zn Sources on Zn Fractions and their Availability in Inceptisol S. S. Bairagi, A.V. Patil, D.D. Sawale, V.V. Patil* and A.B. Jadhav Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Zinc, Fractions, Organic, Inorganic and Inceptisol Article Info Accepted: 22 July 2020 Available Online: 10 August 2020 A study was undertaken to assess the changes in Zn-fractions in Inceptisol (Typic Haplustept) amended with or without organic and inorganic Zn fertilizer incubated at ambient temperature for 90 days. In fractions viz., WSEx, COMP, ABD, CBD, Res, Total and DTPA extractable Zn increased significantly upto 45 days and thereafter declined with increase in incubation time in all treatments. Among the treatments application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 along with Zn @ 5 mg kg-1 soil through ZnSO4 7H2O recorded significantly higher values for Zn fractions followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 Zn @ 5 mg kg-1 soil. The per day release of Zn fractions were recorded maximum due to application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 5 mg Zn kg-1 soil followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + 5 mg kg-1 soil. Introduction Zinc in soil exists in various chemical forms. Contribution of different forms of zinc to available forms varies widely depending upon physical and chemical properties of soils. Several soil factors mutually interact to govern its solubility in soil solution. Acknowledge of which of these forms control the distribution of zinc between active soil Zn and constituent’s soil. Availability of zinc (Zn) for plants is associated with the distribution of this nutrient among soil fractions. Zinc deficiency in soils suggests that both native and applied Zn react with the inorganic and organic phases in the soils, which influences plant-availability of Zn. If the status of zinc is known in a particular soil it will be easy to estimate the quantity of zinc to apply for a particular crop for maximum yield. Availability of Zn for plants was reported to be associated with the distribution of this nutrient among soil fractions. Therefore understanding the distribution of Zn among various fractions of soil will help to characterize chemistry of Zn in soils and possibly its availability for plant uptake (Viets, 1962)[15]. Residual and oxide bound Zn is known to be more stable while as exchangeable and water soluble Zn fractions are more soluble 2579 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 (Rahmani et al., 2012) [12]. The extent to which each fraction present and the transformations are in equilibrium between fractions is influenced by soil properties such as pH, texture and soil organic matter (Ramzan et al., 2014)[13]. Information and studies on Zn in these areas were limited only to DTPA extractable Zn. The present investigation is an attempt in this direction to generate wide data base of different Zn fractions in Inceptisol. Materials and Methods A Incubation study was conducted during 2018-19 at Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Pune-411005. The bulk soil (015cm) was collected and dried, ground to passed through 2.0 mm sieve. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with six treatments, four replications and five incubation periods viz.,0,30,45,60 and 90 days. The bowls having capacity 2.5 kg soil. The soil used in the experiment was an Inceptisol (Typic Haplustept). Some physical and chemical properties of studied soil and organic manures are analyzed by adopting standard analytical methods by Jackson (1973)[4], Lindsay and Norvell (1978)[6], Zososki and Burau (1977)[16] and Gorsuch (1970)[2] are presented in table 2 and 3. The treatment for experiment viz., T1Control, T2- FYM @ 10 t ha-1, T3Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T4- Zinc sulphate @ 5 mg kg-1, T5- Zinc sulphate + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and T6- Zinc sulphate + Vermicompost (VC) @ 5 t ha-1. As per the treatment, required quantity of FYM, vermicompost and zinc through ZnSO4.H2O was thoroughly mixed with 2.00 kg soil and moisture at field capacity was maintained on gravimetric basis with double distilled water. Destruction sampling method was adopted to complete an incubation study. The zinc fractions were analyzed periodically at 0, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th days of incubation by the sequential procedure of Murthy (1982)[8] modified by Mandal and Mandal (1986)[7]. Per day release of Zn fractions were computed by using formula: Zn fraction (mg kg-1) at 45 day – Zinc fraction at 0 day 45 days The data obtained were statistically analyzed and appropriately interpreted as per the method given by Panse and Sukhatme (1985)[10]. Results and Discussion Water Soluble Plus Exchangeable Zinc Fraction (WSEx-Zn) The application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded higher WSEx-Zn content at 0 (1.06), 30 (2.3), and 45 (4.20) day of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application (1.04, 2.03, and 3.85 mg kg-1) respectively. The application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost recorded significantly highest value throughout the incubation period and it was superior over rest of the treatments. The common peak of WSEx-Zn was attained at 45th days for the control as well as other treatments. However, Zn application either with vermicompost or FYM resulted into higher WSEX-Zn content might be due to higher concentration of Zn in organic manures. It was evidenced from Fig. 1, that for raising the WSEx-Zn fraction due to different treatments, the trend in decreasing order was ZnSO4 + VC > ZnSO4 + FYM > ZnSO4> VC > FYM > Control. The increased in WSEx-Zn forms due to application of vermicompost or FYM along with ZnSO4 due to complexation or chelating action thereby prevent fixation in soil (Latha et al., 2001)[5]. 2580 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 Table.1 Effect of different organic and inorganic sources of zinc on per day release of different zinc fractions upto 45th day of incubation in Inceptisol Zn fractions (mg kg-1) Treatment Per day release COMP- ABD- CBD- Zn Zn Zn Zn T1 - Control 0.0118 0.0409 0.0409 0.0454 0.0543 0.1934 T2- FYM 0.0198 0.0460 0.0460 0.0908 0.1371 0.3397 T3 - vermicompost 0.0204 0.0598 0.0598 0.1127 0.1769 0.4297 T4 -ZnSO4 0.0214 0.1082 0.1082 0.1893 0.2334 0.6606 T5 -ZnSO4 + FYM 0.0775 0.1343 0.1343 0.2100 0.2716 0.8278 T6 -ZnSO4 + vermicompost 0.0852 0.1926 0.1926 0.2236 0.2960 0.9899 Table.2 Initial soil properties Soil properties Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) Textural class Field capacity (%) pH (1:2.5;Soil:Water) EC (dSm-1) Organic carbon (g kg-1 soil) CaCO3 equivalent (%) Available nitrogen (kg ha-1) Available phosphorus (kg ha-1) Available potassium (kg ha-1) DTPA extractable Zn (mg kg-1) DTPA extractable Fe (mg kg-1) DTPA extractable Mn (mg kg-1) DTPA extractable Cu (mg kg-1) WSEx-Zn (mg kg-1) COMP-Zn (mg kg-1) ABD-Zn (mg kg-1) CBD-Zn (mg kg-1) Res- Zn (mg kg-1) Total Zinc (mg kg-1) 2581 Value 19.2 24.10 56.10 Clay 36.71 8.33 0.22 4.10 6.20 178.74 19.50 367 0.60 3.57 2.11 3.28 0.36 2.85 7.58 5.57 38.35 54.35 Res- Zn of total fractions WSEx- (mg kg-1) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 Table.3 Chemical composition of organic manures Characteristic pH EC (dSm-1) Organic Carbon (%) Total N (%) Total P (%) Total K (%) Fe (mg kg-1) Mn (mg kg-1) Zn (mg kg-1) Cu (mg kg-1) C/N Ratio C/P Ratio FYM 8.15 2.27 20.5 1.29 0.45 0.31 167.84 44.4 48.84 10.48 15.89 45.55 Vermicompost 7.54 2.53 23.20 1.82 0.92 0.79 181.68 79.16 65.94 20.50 12.74 25.21 Fig. 1 :Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of water soluble plus exchangeable zinc fraction (WSExZn) in Inceptisol Fig. 2:Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of complexed zinc fraction (COMP-Zn) in Inceptisol Fig.3:Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc fraction (ABD-Zn) in Inceptisol Fig. 4:Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of crystalline sesquioxide bound zinc fraction (CBD-Zn) in Inceptisol 2582 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 Fig. 5 :Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of Residual Zinc Fraction (Res-Zn)in Inceptisol Fig. 6 :Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of total Zinc (Total-Zn)in Inceptisol Fig. 7 :Effect of organic and inorganic sources of zinc on periodical changes of DTPA-Znin Inceptisol Fig. 9:Per day release of different zinc fraction upto 45th day of incubation Complexed zinc fraction (COMP-Zn) Amorphous sesquioxide fraction (ABD-Zn) Periodical release of COMP -Zn at respective incubation period upto 90th day of incubation is presented in Fig. 2. The application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 significantly increased upto 45 days and thereafter it was declined which showed highest peak at 45 days (11.52 mg kg-1) which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application. The high content of COMP -Zn fraction was attained at 45thdays of incubation in all the treatments and thereafter it declined significantly irrespective of all the treatments. Both the organic sources along with ZnSO4 significantly superior over control and ZnSO4 alone treatments. It might be due to organic matter provides more exchange sites for absorption of Zn (Prasad and Sakal, 1988)[11]. bound zinc The application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded higher ABD-Zn content at 45 (18.13 mg kg-1) day of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application. The high availability of ABD -Zn fraction was attained at 45thdays of incubation in all the treatments. Thereafter it showed decline significantly irrespective of all treatment (Fig. 3). Among the only organic manures, the vermicompost recorded significantly higher values of ABDZn during the incubation period followed by FYM while, both the organic sources were significantly superior over control, which may be attributed to the enhanced release of zinc present in mineral fractions as a result of 2583 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2579-2585 action of decomposition products of added organic matter and enhanced microbial activity (Datta et al., 1989)[1]. Crystalline Sesquioxide Fraction (CBD-Zn) Bound Zinc The results revealed that application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher CBD-Zn content at 45 days of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application (Fig. 4). It might be due to humus content in vermicompost higher due to narrow C/N ratio than FYM which has more surface area and active sites to work like chelate which resulted in consistent increased in CBD-Zn upto 45th DAI (Pal et al.,1997)[9]. Periodical Changes Fraction (Res-Zn) of Residual DTPA extractable Zinc (DTPA-Zn) The results showed that application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher release of DTPA extractable Zn (4.82 mg kg-1) at 45 day of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 treatment. The availability pattern of DTPA-Zn fraction was slow during 30th days followed by faster rate. The highest peak of DTPA-Zn fraction was attained at 45thdays of incubation in all the treatments and thereafter it was slowed down (Fig. 7). The magnitude of DTPA-Zn was decreased in order: ZnSO4 + VC > ZnSO4 + FYM > ZnSO4 > VC > FYM > Control. Per day release of different zinc fractions at 45th day of incubation Zinc The data revealed that application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher Res-Zn (51.67 mg kg-1) at 45 days of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application. The high availability of Res-Zn fraction was attained at 45th days of incubation and thereafter it slowed down irrespective of all the treatments (Fig. 5). The increased in the Res-Zn content with time (upto 45th DAI) which could be due to conversion of some amount of labile zinc into non-labile forms. Similar findings were also reported by Ilavarasi et al., (2019)[3] Total Zinc (Total-Zn) The data revealed that application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher release at 0 (68.68 mg kg-1), 30 (84.34 mg kg-1) and 45 (101.14 mg kg-1) day of incubation which was followed by ZnSO4 with FYM @10 t ha-1 application respectively (Fig. 6). The per day release of WSEx-Zn, COMP-Zn, ABD-Zn, CBD-Zn and Res-Zn fraction for 0, 30 and 45 DAI was formulated and presented in table 1 and Fig. 8. The result revealed that application of ZnSO4 along with vermicompost C reported higher values 0.0852, 0.1926, 0.1926, 0.2236, 0.2960 for WSEx-Zn, COMP-Zn, ABD-Zn, CBD-Zn and Res-Zn fraction than rest of the treatments. It might be due to higher content of zinc and narrow C/N ratio in vermicompost which enhance the availability of different zinc fractions (Shuman, 2005)[14]. In conclusion the application of Zn @ 5 mg kg-1soil through ZnSO4.7H2O (48.70 kg ha-1) along with either vermicompost @5 t ha-1 or FYM @ 10 t ha-1 was found beneficial for higher release of water soluble plus exchangeable form of zinc (plant available) upto 45 days of incubation. References 1. 2584 Datta D, Mandal B, Mandal LN. 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International Invention Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science. 2014; 2:132-142. 14. Shuman LM. Micronutrients. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. 2005; 479-486. 15. Viets FG. Chemistry and availability of micronutrients in soils. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 1962; 10, 174-178. 16. Zososki RJ. Burau, RG. A rapid nitric perchloric acid digestion method for multi element tissue analysis. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 1977; 8:425-443. How to cite this article: Bairagi, S. S., AV. Patil, D. D. Sawale, V. V. Patil and Jadhav, A. B. 2020. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Zn Sources on Zn Fractions and their Availability in Inceptisol. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(08): 2579-2585. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.295 2585