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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 707-711 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 6 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.090 Effect of Seed Rate and Dibbling on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Different Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Madhya Pradesh, India A. K. Jha*, Suneeta Pandey and R. S. Shukla AICRP on Wheat, Department of Plant Breeding & genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482 004, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Seed rate, Spacing, Wheat and economics Article Info Accepted: 15 May 2020 Available Online: 10 June 2020 Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm AICRP on Wheat Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Rabi season, 2016-17. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations viz. in main plot 2 seed rates (50 and 100 kg/ha at 20 cm) and 3 spacing (15x15, 20x 15 and 20x20 cm dibbling) and whereas sub plot included genotypes (HI 1544, HI 8737). The highest yield was obtained in dibbling 15x15 cm (50.13 q/ha) followed by line sowing @ 20 cm with seed rate of 100 kg/ha (49.54q/ha) but the differences were not significant. The increment in yield may be attributed to higher number of earheads/sq. m. The other planting options recorded significantly lower yield as compared to these two methods. The cultivar HI 8737 yielded significantly higher (47.91q/ha) as compared to HI 1544 (46.43 q/ha). crop acreage. India harvested an all time record wheat production of more than 97 million tonnes during the year 2016-17 despite shrinking land and water resources, climate abrasions and little genetic gain. This has been made possible by Indian farmers and scientists through efficient management of natural resources and various external inputs like chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Wheat is generally planted by broadcast method by most of the farmers in the country and only progressive farmers and researchers use line Introduction Wheat is the largest cultivated crop with an estimated area of 220.19 million hectares (mha), and barley is grown in 50.55 mha. The nutritious cereals altogether have been under cultivation in 270.74 mha with an estimated production of 932.89 million tonnes (mt) for the period 2018-19 (UDSA, 2019). In India, during 2018-19 Rabi season, wheat was cultivated in 29.55 mha and barley in 0.66 mha, constituting 24.35 per cent of the total 707 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 707-711 sowing. Now-a-days due to infestation of weeds, it has become necessary to sow the crop in lines with a suitable row spacing, which may help in cultural operations, herbicides application, inter-cropping and increasing or decreasing seed rate without any adverse effect on the final grain yield. Proper row spacing is important for maximizing light interception, penetration, distribution in crop canopy and average light utilization efficiency of the leaves in the canopy, and thus affect yield of a crop. Wider spacing between rows or pairs of rows, not only allow more light to reach the lower leaves at the time of grain formation but also allows easy inter-culture for weed control and inter-cropping (Biswas et al., 1999). The wheat productivity greatly depends on availability of nutrients and moisture, besides the climatic factors. Farmers in Kymore plateau often face problem in rabi crop sowing due to delayed harvesting of kharif crop. Plant population also affects wheat yield considerably. There fore, the optimum seeding rate is crucial for getting high yield of wheat in various regions (Lloveras, et al., 2004). Sowing depth significantly influences the emergence and vigor of seedlings contributing greatly to crop stand and yield (Roy et al., 2011). In the future scenario of climate change better agronomical practices would help in adaptation and resilience of crops. The present study was undertaken to identify optimum seeding rate and sowing depth of wheat for better yields in Kymore plateau region of Madhya Pradesh. research farm to carry out the field experiment. texture with 236.8 kg/ ha available N (Subbaih and Asija, 1956), 20.10 kg/ha available P (Olsen et al., 1954), 272.3kg/ha available K (Jackson, 1967) 0.62% organic carbon and soil pH of 7.3 (1:2.5 soil and water ratio). This trial was conducted in split plot design to evaluate the effect of planting options and spacing on wheat productivity. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations viz. in main plot 2 seed rates (50 and 100 kg/ha at 20 cm) and 3 spacing (15x15, 20x 15 and 20x20 cm dibbling) and whereas sub plot included genotypes (HI 1544, HI 8737). NPK was applied in the ratio of 120:60:40 (1/3rd N, full P & K as basal and the remaining 2/3rd nitrogen as 1/3rd at first irrigation and next 1/3rd at second irrigation. Crop was grown under optimal crop management practices with 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O/ha. Irrigation was provided as per the need of crop. Crop was kept weed free by regular hand weeding. The data on growth parameters, yield attributes and yields were recorded as per the standard procedures. Results and Discussion Plant population The initial plant population significantly higher (132.11 m-2) was recorded under the dibbling of (20x 15 cm dibbling). The significantly differences were not observed among the dibbling of 15x15, 20x 15 cm. The plant population at harvest were recorded (167.8 m-2) higher in seed rate 50 kg at 20 cm apart (Table 1). The minimum plant population were observed under the sowing of 8737) as compare to HI 1544. The same results were reported by Yadav et al., (2001). Materials and Methods Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm AICRP on Wheat Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Rabi season, 2016-17. The topography of the field in experimental area was fairly uniform. All facilities including irrigation water were adequately available on the Yield attributes Growth of wheat was affected by different seeding rates. Leaf area index and number of 708 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 707-711 tillers/m2 were maximum with seed rate of 50 kg/ha, which was on par with 100 kg/ha, b (Table 1). Similar findings were also reported by Sen et al., (2003). Effective tillers were more with 50 kg seed/ha. and dibbling at 20x 15 cm with variety HI 1544. Yield attributes such as grains/spike, grains weight/spike and 1,000 grains weight were on par with 20x 15 cm with variety HI 1544 under the seed rate 50 kg /ha. These results supported the findings of Kumar et al., (2002) and Singh et al., (2005). Table.1 Effect of different treatments on growth and yield attributes characters in wheat Treatments Seed rate 50kg 100 kg CD at 5% Spacing Spacing (15X15 cm) Spacing (15X20 cm) Spacing (20X20 cm) CD at 5% Varieties HI 1544 HI 8737 CD at 5% Plant population Plant Height Leaf area index at 30 Leaf area index at 60 73.89 167.8 149.8 1.23 72.87 2.69 2.72 4.57 4.60 0.21 0.07 0,87 213.8 224.8 214.8 1.11 72.55 2.89 4.84 74.67 2.76 4.64 71.23 0.23 2.62 0.56 4.65 0.87 194.8 217.8 1.34 73.45 75.67 0.45 2.77 2.65 0.04 4.67 4.33 0.55 Earhead/ sq.m. Grains/ Earhead 379.8 23.8 349.8 23.8 533.8 494.8 441.8 17.8 19.8 22.8 413.8 264.8 1.89 23.8 27.8 0.44 Table.2 Effect of different treatment on economics Treatments Seed rate 50kg 100 kg CD at 5% Spacing Spacing (15X15 cm) Spacing (15X20 cm) Spacing (20X20 cm) CD at 5% Varieties HI 1544 HI 8737 CD at 5% Cost of Cultivation Rs/ha GMRs Rs/ha NMRs Rs /ha B:C ratio 25500 26785 2349 67999 62876 2876 42499 36091 1234 2.67 2.35 0.08 26667 26567 26333 1769 65876 67555 72654 2346 39209 40988 46321 1568 2.47 2.54 2.76 26452 26432 1654 68975 73456 2543 42523 47024 1678 2.61 2.78 0.06 709 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 707-711 Table.3 Effect of different treatments on yield in wheat Seeding Method & Spacing 50 kg seed HI 1544 Earhead/ sq.m. 379.8 Grains/ Earhead 23.8 1000 Grains Weight, g 49.8 Yield, q/ha 42.11 Biomass, q/ha 69.32 HI 8737 349.8 23.8 52.3 40.41 73.74 HI 1544 361.8 25.8 46 40.41 80.2 HI 8737 296.8 24.8 51.8 36.15 74.59 HI 1544 633.8 17.8 47.8 49.59 75.78 HI 8737 HI 1544 494.8 441.8 19.8 22.8 54.3 48.1 49.08 45.17 78.67 79.52 HI 8737 430.8 20.8 52.5 42.62 65.75 HI 1544 HI 8737 SEm± 413.8 264.8 1.79 23.8 27.8 3.59 49.8 56.1 2.548 45.17 39.04 3.23 72.38 68.98 2.78 CD (5%) 3.79 5.59 3.385 4.82 3.88 100 kg seed Spacing (15X15 cm) Spacing (15X20 cm) Spacing (20X20 cm) Variety Yield References There was significant different in grain yield between two variety. The wheat variety HI 1544(average 42.69 q/ha) produced significant higher grain yield than HI8737 (average 39.66 q/ha.). Among planting method dibbling at (15x15 cm.) Produced the highest and significant higher grain yield than all the other treatment. The next best planting method was sowing at 15x20 cm. The highest yield was obtained in dibbling 15x15 cm (50.13 q/ha) followed by line sowing @ 20 cm with seed rate of 100 kg/ha (49.54q/ha) but the differences were not significant. The increment in yield may be attributed to higher number of earheads/sq. m. The other planting options recorded significantly lower yield as compared to these two methods. The cultivar HI 8737 yielded significantly higher (47.91q/ha) as compared to HI 1544 (46.43 q/ha). Sharma and Malik, 1993 and Biswas et al., 1999 also found the similar findings. Lloveras, J., Manet, J., Viudas, J., Lopez, A. and Santiveri, P. 2004. Seeding rate influenced yield and yield components of irrigated winter wheat in a Mediterranean climate. Agronomy Journal 96: 1258–65. Roy, J., Biswas, P.K., Ali, M.H. and Rahman. A. 2011. Effect of sowing depth and population density on yield attributes and yield of wheat. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1(4): 125–33. Yadav, D.P., Vaishya, R.D. and Gajendra, Singh. 2001. Response of late sown wheat to, of sowing rates and weed management practices. Annals of Agri. Res., 22(3): 429-431 Kumar, R., Agarwal, S.K., and Nanwal, R.K. 2002. Economics of bread wheat as affected by planting system, seed rate and nitrogen fertilization in sandy loam soils of Haryana. CCSHAU Journal of 710 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 707-711 Research 32(1): 23–25. Singh, S., Uppal, H.S., Mahal, S.S. and Singh, A. 2006. Water use, water use efficiency and yield of bed planted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to various seed rate, spacing and irrigation levels. Environment and Ecology 24(2): 476–79. Sharma, R.P. and Malik, C.V.S. 1993. Effect of seed rate, nitrogen and sowing method on yield of late–sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 38(2): 289–91. Biswas, P., Kamal, A.M.A. Rahman, M.M. and Samanta, S.C. 1999. Effect of seed rate, split application of nitrogen and time of irrigation on growth, yield and protein content of wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 34(2): 312–14. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, C.L. 1956. A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Current Science 25(4): 259–60. How to cite this article: Jha, A. K., Suneeta Pandey and Shukla, R. S. 2020. Effect of Seed Rate and Dibbling on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Different Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Madhya Pradesh, India. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(06): 707-711. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.090 711