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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.417 Effect of Provenance and Seed Treatments on Occurrence of Seed Borne Diseases and Storability of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Basavaraj N. Ganiger*, N.K. Biradarpatil and Ashok S. Sajjan Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura 586101, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580005, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Provenance, Seed treatments, Seed borne diseases, Storability, Groundnut Article Info Accepted: 26 September 2018 Available Online: 10 October 2018 The laboratory experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to know the effect of provenance and seed treatments on occurrence of seed borne diseases and storability of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Groundnut varieties viz., TAG-24, G2-52, collected from different locations of Bagalkot, Dharwad and Belagavi districts, collected seed samples was stored in HDPE bags in Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur. The study exhibited that the untreated seeds lost its viability at a faster rate than the treated seeds. Among the seeds treatments, Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3g / kg treated seeds stored better up to ten months as compared to other treatments and control. The per cent infection due to interaction of provenance and seed treatments at the end of the storage was highest (13.06 %) observed in Yedahalli location with control and lowest (5.50 %) was seen in in Budihal location with Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3g / kg. The seed germination percentage due to interaction of infection level and seed treatments at the end of the storage was highest (80.00 %) in Budihal location with Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3g / kg and lowest (55.30 %) was recorded in Yedahalli location with control. This may be due to load of the pathogens during seed development and maturation consistent high humidity and temperature during storage period. The Other seed quality parameters were also recorded similar trend during the storage. Introduction Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oilseed crops of the world. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is the world’s fourth most important source of edible oil and the third important source of vegetable protein. In India groundnut is largely grown in kharif, rabi and summer seasons. In India, it is spread in an area of 4.76 million hectares with production of 7.4 million tonnes and average productivity of 1555 kg ha-1. In Karnataka, it is grown in an area of 0.64 million ha with production of 0.51 million tonnes and average productivity of 796 kg ha-1 (Anon., 2016). Location of seed production is one important factor for occurrence of seed borne pathogens. The agro-ecological conditions comprising of edaphic and environmental factor have more 3600 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 than one effect on the performance of the seed apart from its genetic makeup. The fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus manifests seed discoloration, rotting, seed necrosis, loss in germination capacity and toxification in oil seeds (Kakde and Chavan, 2011). Quality seed plays a very important role for the production of healthy crop. Healthy and pathogen free seeds are the basic requirements for disease free crop. Seeds are stored for a considerable period of time in order to catch the correct season. Seed treatment with bioagents and fungicides is an economical and viable approach to protect seed and seedlings from attack of the pathogens. Management of seed borne pathogens requires both preventive and curative approaches starting from sowing and harvesting to processing and storage. Seed treatment with fungicide is simple, cheap and effective method for control of seed borne diseases and also, it is a known fact that the choice of chemicals for seed treatment also exerts a positive effect on seed viability and vigour during storage. Hence an attempt has been made to know the effect of provenance and seed treatments on occurrence of seed borne diseases and storability of groundnut. Materials and Methods Groundnut varieties viz., TAG-24, G2-52 collected from different locations of Bagalkot, Dharwad and Belagavi district. Collected seeds kept for storage up to ten months in HDPE bags. The treatment combinations comprised of T1: control (Untreated), T2: Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3gm / kg, T3: Seed treatment Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3g / kg, T4: Seed treatment Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g / kg. The treated seed samples were stored under ambient conditions at Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur. The efficacy of seed treatments were assessed every month during the storage. Monthly observations on the per cent infections and other seed quality parameters were recorded upto ten months by adopting ISTA procedure (Anon., 2014). The per cent infection of seed lots was determined by standard blotter paper method. Ten seeds in four replications were placed equidistantly on three layered sterile blotter paper moistened with 0.2 per cent 2, 4-D solution in sterile petri plates under aseptic condition and incubated at 20 ± 2 ºC for 7 days with alternate cycle of 12 hours in near ultraviolet light range and for the remaining 12 hours in dark. On the eighth day, the seeds were being examined for presence of fungal infection. The number of infected seeds was counted and the mean value was expressed in percentage. The data obtained on effect of seed treatments on seed quality were statistically analyzed by using factorial CRD. The critical differences between the treatments were worked out at one per cent significance (Sundararaj et al., 1972). Results and Discussion Effects of provenance The results of the present investigation indicated that variation in per cent seed infection was observed due to provenance effect and efficacy of different seed treatments (Table 1). The higher seed infection per cent (8.15 %) was recorded with Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district, whereas, lowest was seen in Budihal location (4.25 %) of Belagavi district at the beginning of storage period. At the end of storage period, highest per cent seed infection (11.60 %) was observed in Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district, whereas, lowest infection (7.14 %) was seen in Budihal. Similar findings were reported by Nivedita Roy (2013). The higher seed infection per cent of the seed lots produced at Bagalkot might be due to consistent high temperature (37.1-39.8 ºC) and humid climate (72.4-76.4 % RH) during crop growing period. 3601 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Table.1 Influence of provenance and seed treatments on per cent seed infection of groundnut during storage Treatment Initial 1 2 3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 5.82 5.28 6.75 8.15 4.99 4.25 1.29 4.91 6.17 5.28 6.99 8.68 5.13 4.47 1.36 5.15 6.04 5.13 6.97 8.57 5.01 4.14 2.19 7.04 7.71 6.25 7.49 8.78 6.25 5.21 1.33 5.05 T1 T2 T3 T4 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 13.73 2.27 1.48 6.01 1.05 4.01 12.70 2.95 1.88 6.94 1.11 4.21 11.55 3.13 2.19 7.04 1.08 4.11 12.14 5.05 2.33 3.97 0.81 3.06 L1T1 L2T1 L3T1 L4T1 L5T1 L6T1 L1T2 L2T2 L3T2 L4T2 L5T2 L6T2 L1T3 L2T3 L3T3 L4T3 L5T3 L6T3 L1T4 L2T4 L3T4 L4T4 L5T4 L6T4 Mean S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 13.44 12.78 15.89 17.50 11.61 11.16 2.22 1.94 2.50 3.89 1.94 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.94 3.05 1.12 0.56 6.50 5.28 6.66 8.17 5.28 4.17 5.87 2.58 9.82 13.00 10.38 15.78 16.72 11.34 11.22 5.45 5.22 4.11 6.62 2.45 1.61 2.22 2.22 1.89 3.22 1.61 0.78 6.62 6.16 6.50 8.01 5.67 5.12 6.39 2.71 10.31 11.66 9.50 14.28 15.90 9.44 8.56 3.11 2.56 3.28 5.28 2.78 1.78 1.94 1.88 2.22 4.06 1.83 1.17 7.45 6.55 8.11 9.06 6.01 5.06 5.98 2.65 10.06 12.50 10.89 14.56 15.28 9.89 9.72 3.83 3.45 4.00 6.39 3.56 2.56 2.61 2.28 3.11 5.00 2.06 1.83 8.22 7.67 9.06 10.56 6.72 5.78 6.73 2.65 10.09 Months of storage 4 5 6 Location 7.14 7.53 7.83 6.32 6.70 6.90 8.03 8.43 8.63 9.79 10.21 10.49 5.93 6.33 6.42 5.32 5.74 5.78 1.36 1.37 1.35 5.17 5.20 5.12 Fungicides 11.96 11.87 11.49 5.17 5.20 5.56 2.44 3.46 4.77 4.34 4.84 8.88 0.85 0.92 1.10 3.24 3.50 4.18 Interactions 12.28 12.17 11.95 10.72 10.61 10.39 14.34 14.17 13.11 15.06 14.95 15.11 9.72 9.61 9.33 9.67 9.72 9.06 4.11 4.61 5.50 3.67 4.11 4.83 4.39 4.94 5.89 6.95 7.50 8.33 4.00 4.50 4.72 2.89 3.39 4.06 3.17 3.78 4.67 2.89 3.39 4.06 3.94 4.45 5.06 6.11 6.67 7.45 2.78 3.22 3.78 2.56 3.00 3.61 9.00 9.56 9.22 8.00 8.67 8.33 9.44 10.17 10.45 11.06 11.72 11.06 7.22 8.00 7.84 6.17 6.83 6.39 7.09 7.49 7.67 2.72 2.74 2.69 10.34 10.41 10.24 7 8 9 10 8.31 7.36 8.96 10.83 6.82 6.07 1.40 5.33 8.64 7.77 9.22 11.17 6.99 6.44 1.40 5.31 8.97 8.14 9.49 11.43 7.29 6.86 1.44 5.48 9.13 8.61 9.79 11.60 7.59 7.14 1.45 5.50 11.12 6.39 5.36 9.36 1.14 4.35 11.11 6.99 5.78 10.01 1.14 4.34 11.10 7.44 6.34 10.41 1.18 4.47 11.09 8.05 6.96 10.94 1.32 4.99 11.55 9.94 12.61 14.45 9.61 8.56 6.56 5.56 6.83 9.22 5.45 4.72 5.61 4.83 5.50 8.11 4.00 4.11 9.50 9.11 10.89 11.56 8.22 6.89 8.06 2.80 10.66 11.22 9.56 12.28 14.11 8.78 8.28 7.22 6.17 7.50 9.78 6.00 5.28 5.94 5.50 5.94 8.28 4.44 4.56 10.17 9.83 11.17 12.50 8.72 7.67 8.37 2.79 10.81 10.84 9.22 11.89 13.67 8.50 8.34 7.72 6.72 7.72 10.22 6.44 5.78 6.50 6.06 6.56 8.94 4.95 5.06 10.83 10.56 11.78 12.89 9.28 8.28 8.70 2.89 10.96 10.44 8.83 11.56 13.06 7.94 7.89 8.50 7.39 8.22 10.84 7.06 6.28 7.06 6.95 7.06 9.50 5.72 5.50 11.39 11.28 12.34 13.00 9.61 8.89 9.01 2.89 10.99 Note: Locations: L1= Mulmuttal L2= Narendra L3= Ambaljeri L4=Yedahalli L5=Belavadi L6=Budihal Seed treatments: T1 = Control T2= Treated with Carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/kg T 3 = Treated with TAQAT (Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 %) 3gm/kg T 4 = Treated with Trichoderma spp. @ 10gm/kg. 3602 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Table.2 Influences of provenance and seed treatments on seed germination per cent of groundnut during storage Treatment L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) T1 T2 T3 T4 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) Initial 1 2 3 90.00* (71.57) 90.33 (71.88) 89.42 (71.02) 88.92 (70.56) 91.67 (73.22) 92.50 (74.11) 0.41 1.55 89.50 (71.09) 89.33 (70.93) 88.67 (70.33) 88.25 (69.95) 90.50 (72.05) 91.33 (72.88) 0.25 0.95 88.42 (70.11) 88.50 (70.18) 87.92 (69.660 87.42 (69.23) 89.42 (71.02) 89.83 (71.40) 0.22 0.83 87.25 (69.08) 87.17 (69.01) 86.83 (68.72) 86.17 (68.17) 88.42 (70.11) 88.75 (70.40) 0.25 0.96 Storage months 4 5 6 Location 86.25 84.92 82.02 (68.23) (67.15) (64.91) 86.17 84.75 81.21 (68.17) (67.01) (64.31) 85.83 84.00 80.25 (67.89) (66.42) (63.61) 85.08 83.08 79.42 (67.28) (65.71) (63.02) 87.42 85.83 83.00 (69.23) (67.89) (65.65) 87.42 86.33 84.03 (69.23) (68.30) (66.45) 0.29 0.24 0.34 1.10 0.90 1.27 86.61 (68.54) 87.61 (69.39) 87.72 (69.49) 87.78 (69.54) 0.21 0.78 Fungicides 85.33 83.39 (67.48) (65.95) 86.56 85.06 (68.49) (67.26) 86.94 85.78 (68.81) (67.85) 86.61 85.06 (68.54) (67.26) 0.24 0.19 0.90 0.74 90.28 (71.83) 90.44 (71.99) 91.06 (72.60) 90.11 (71.67) 0.33 1.26 89.22 (70.83) 89.78 (71.36) 90.22 (71.78) 89.17 (70.79) 0.20 0.77 87.89 (69.64) 88.83 (70.48) 88.89 (70.53) 88.72 (70.38) 0.18 0.68 3603 79.70 (63.22) 82.03 (64.92) 83.67 (66.17) 81.22 (64.32) 0.27 1.04 7 8 9 10 80.25 (63.61) 79.75 (63.26) 78.67 (62.49) 78.00 (62.03) 81.42 (64.47) 82.92 (65.59) 0.43 1.65 77.17 (61.46) 77.50 (61.68) 74.92 (59.95) 74.58 (59.72) 78.67 (62.49) 80.42 (63.74) 0.58 2.21 73.58 (59.07) 73.83 (59.23) 71.25 (57.58) 70.25 (56.95) 75.25 (60.17) 76.92 (61.29) 0.49 1.88 70.00 (56.79) 70.42 (57.05) 68.75 (56.01) 67.42 (55.19) 72.25 (58.21) 73.75 (59.18) 0.63 2.39 76.17 (60.78) 80.72 (63.95) 83.28 (65.86) 80.50 (63.79) 0.35 1.35 69.83 (56.68) 79.50 (63.08) 81.78 (64.73) 77.72 (61.83) 0.47 1.80 65.56 (54.07) 76.78 (61.19) 79.94 (63.39) 71.78 (57.91) 0.40 1.54 60.22 (50.90) 74.61 (59.74) 78.44 (62.33) 68.44 (55.82) 0.51 1.95 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Cont… L1T1 L2T1 L3T1 L4T1 L5T1 L6T1 L1T2 L2T2 L3T2 L4T2 L5T2 L6T2 L1T3 L2T3 L3T3 L4T3 L5T3 L6T3 L1T4 L2T4 L3T4 L4T4 L5T4 L6T4 Mean S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01 89.30 (70.91) 90.00 (71.57) 89.00 (70.63) 88.70 (70.36) 91.30 (72.85) 93.30 (75.00) 90.70 (72.24) 89.00 (70.63) (89.70) (71.28) 88.00 (69.73) 87.30 (69.12) 90.00 (71.57) 91.30 (72.85) 90.00 (71.57) 87.70 (69.47) 88.00 (69.73) 87.00 (68.87) 86.30 (68.28) 89.00 (70.63) 89.30 (70.91) 89.00 (70.63) 86.70 (68.61) 86.70 (68.61) 85.30 (67.46) 85.00 (67.21) 88.00 (69.73) 88.00 (69.73) 87.30 (69.12) Interactions 85.70 83.30 (67.78) (65.88) 85.30 83.70 (67.46) (66.19) 84.00 82.30 (66.42) (65.12) 83.70 81.00 (66.19) (64.16) 87.00 85.30 (68.87) (67.46) 86.30 84.70 (68.28) (66.97) 86.30 85.30 (68.28) (67.46) 90.70 (72.24) 89.30 (70.91) 88.70 (70.36) 89.30 (70.91) 89.00 (70.63) 88.30 (70.00) 88.70 (70.36) 88.30 (70.00) 87.30 (69.12) 87.00 (68.870 87.30 (69.12) 86.30 (68.28) 86.00 (68.03) 86.30 (68.28) 85.00 (67.21) 84.70 (66.97) 84.30 (66.66) 83.00 (65.65) 82.30 (65.12) 81.70 (64.67) 80.30 (63.65) 80.70 (63.94) 79.30 (62.94) 78.30 (62.24) 80.30 (63.65) 77.30 (61.55) 78.00 (62.03) 77.70 (61.82) 74.00 (59.34) 73.30 (58.89) 73.70 (59.15) 72.30 (58.24) 71.30 (57.61) 92.00 (73.570 92.00 (73.57) 90.70 (72.24) 90.00 (71.57) 89.70 (71.28) 89.30 (70.91) 92.70 (74.32) 94.00 (75.82) 89.30 (70.91) 90.70 (72.24) 89.70 (71.28) 89.70 (71.28) 90.70 (72.24) 90.70 (72.24) 90.50 (72.05) 0.82 3.10 90.70 (72.24) 91.30 (72.85) 90.00 (71.57) 89.70 (71.28) 89.30 (70.91) 89.00 (70.63) 91.30 (72.85) 92.00 (73.57) 89.00 (70.63) 88.70 (70.36) 88.30 (70.00) 88.30 (70.00) 90.00 (71.57) 90.70 (72.24) 89.60 (71.19) 0.50 1.89 89.70 (71.28) 90.00 (71.57) 88.70 (70.36) 89.00 (70.63) 88.30 (70.00) 88.00 (69.73) 89.30 (70.91) 90.00 (71.57) 88.30 (70.000 88.30 (70.00) 88.00 (69.73) 88.00 (69.73) 89.70 (71.28) 90.00 (71.57) 88.60 (70.27) 0.44 1.67 88.70 (70.36) 89.00 (70.63) 87.70 (69.47) 87.70 (69.47) 87.70 (69.47) 86.30 (68.28) 88.30 (70.00) 88.70 (70.36) 87.30 (69.12) 87.30 (69.12) 87.00 (68.87) 87.00 (68.87) 88.70 (70.36) 89.30 (70.91) 87.40 (69.21) 0.51 1.92 87.70 (69.47) 88.00 (69.73) 86.70 (68.61) 87.00 (68.87) 87.00 (68.87) 85.70 (67.78) 87.70 (69.47) 87.70 (69.47) 86.30 (68.28) 86.30 (68.28) 86.00 (68.03) 86.00 (68.03) 87.30 (69.12) 87.70 969.47) 86.40 (68.36) 0.58 2.21 86.00 (68.03) 87.00 (68.87) 85.70 (67.78) 85.70 967.78) 85.30 (67.46) 84.70 (66.97) 86.30 (68.28) 87.00 (68.87) 85.30 (67.46) 85.00 (67.21) 84.00 (66.42) 83.70 (66.19) 85.70 (67.78) 86.70 (68.61) 84.80 (67.05) 0.47 1.80 83.00 (65.65) 84.00 (66.42) 83.70 (66.19) 84.00 (66.42) 83.30 (65.88) 82.30 (65.12) 83.70 (66.19) 84.70 (66.97) 83.00 (65.65) 81.70 (64.67) 81.00 (64.16) 81.00 (64.16) 82.70 (65.42) 83.70 (66.19) 82.10 (64.97) 0.67 2.55 82.00 (64.90) 83.30 (65.88) 83.70 (66.19) 83.30 (65.88) 82.30 (65.12) 81.70 (64.67) 83.70 (66.19) 85.00 (67.21) 81.30 (64.38) 80.30 (63.65) 79.70 (63.22) 78.30 (62.24) 80.70 (63.94) 82.70 (65.42) 80.20 (63.58) 0.87 3.30 79.70 (63.22) 81.70 (64.67) 82.30 (65.12) 82.00 (64.90) 80.70 (63.94) 80.00 (63.43) 82.00 (64.90) 83.70 (66.19) 78.30 (62.24) 77.70 (61.82) 76.30 (60.87) 75.30 (60.20) 78.30 (62.24) 80.30 (63.65) 77.20 (61.48) 1.16 4.42 78.30 (62.24) 79.70 (63.22) 81.00 (64.16) 80.70 (63.94) 79.00 (62.73) 78.30 (62.24) 79.30 (62.94) 81.30 (64.38) 71.70 (57.86) 72.30 (58.24) 70.70 (57.23) 68.70 (55.98) 72.70 (58.50) 74.70 (59.80) 73.50 (59.02) 0.99 3.76 77.70 (61.82) 78.30 (62.24) 79.30 (62.94) 79.00 (62.73) 77.30 (61.55) 77.00 (61.34) 78.00 (62.03) 80.00 (63.43) 67.00 (54.94) 69.70 (56.60) 68.00 (55.55) 66.00 (54.33) 69.30 (56.35) 70.70 (57.23) 70.40 (57.04) 1.2 4.77 *Note: Figures inside parenthesis indicate arcsine values 3604 80.30 (63.65) 80.30 (63.65) 79.00 (62.73) 78.00 (62.03) 81.30 (64.38) 82.30 (65.12) 82.30 (65.12) 75.30 (60.20) 74.70 (59.80) 73.30 (58.89) 73.70 (59.15) 79.30 (62.94) 80.70 (63.94) 80.70 (63.94) 68.00 (55.55) 70.00 (56.79) 65.30 (53.91) 65.00 (53.73) 74.70 (59.80) 76.00 (60.67) 80.00 (63.43) 64.00 (53.13) 64.70 (53.55) 61.30 (51.53) 60.70 (51.18) 70.70 (57.23) 72.00 (58.05) 77.70 (61.82) 59.30 (50.36) 59.30 (50.36) 57.30 (49.20) 55.30 (48.04) 64.00 (53.13) 66.00 (54.33) 74.30 (59.54) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Table.3 Influence of provenance and seed treatments on test weight (g) of Groundnut during storage Treatment Initial 1 2 3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 43.80 43.60 43.60 43.30 43.70 44.30 0.30 1.00 43.70 43.80 43.20 43.20 43.40 43.40 0.30 1.10 43.40 43.70 43.20 43.00 43.60 43.00 0.30 1.10 43.00 42.40 42.80 42.50 42.80 42.30 0.30 1.00 T1 T2 T3 T4 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 43.30 43.40 44.10 43.80 0.30 1.20 43.20 43.50 43.70 43.50 0.40 1.30 43.00 42.90 43.40 43.10 0.40 1.40 42.60 42.30 42.90 42.70 0.30 1.30 L1T1 L2T1 L3T1 L4T1 L5T1 L6T1 L1T2 L2T2 L3T2 L4T2 L5T2 L6T2 L1T3 L2T3 L3T3 L4T3 L5T3 L6T3 L1T4 L2T4 L3T4 L4T4 L5T4 L6T4 Mean S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 43.80 43.90 44.40 43.00 45.10 44.50 44.40 43.00 43.90 43.40 43.20 43.80 44.10 43.80 44.10 43.90 44.10 45.10 44.70 44.50 43.70 43.90 43.10 43.20 43.84 0.70 2.50 43.00 43.60 43.10 43.10 43.90 42.90 44.10 42.90 43.00 43.00 43.10 43.20 43.40 43.20 43.70 43.50 43.80 44.20 44.20 44.80 43.40 43.20 43.00 42.70 43.38 0.70 2.70 42.80 43.20 42.90 43.00 43.70 42.70 43.70 42.60 42.80 42.80 42.70 42.60 43.10 42.70 43.10 43.10 43.20 44.00 43.90 44.30 43.20 42.80 42.90 42.00 43.03 0.70 2.70 42.70 42.60 41.80 42.70 43.20 41.80 43.00 42.60 41.70 42.20 42.30 42.20 42.50 42.30 42.90 42.70 42.80 42.70 43.50 42.70 43.00 42.30 42.00 41.50 42.49 0.70 2.50 Storage months 4 5 6 Location 42.20 41.60 40.70 42.20 41.10 40.10 42.30 40.90 40.40 41.70 40.60 40.20 41.80 41.20 40.70 42.00 41.00 40.60 0.30 0.20 0.20 1.00 0.90 0.90 Fungicides 42.00 40.50 39.90 41.90 41.00 40.90 42.40 42.00 40.90 41.80 40.80 40.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 1.20 1.10 1.10 Interactions 42.20 41.70 40.00 41.30 40.70 40.00 40.80 40.30 39.30 41.80 39.80 39.70 42.20 40.40 40.00 41.70 40.30 40.10 42.00 41.80 40.70 42.30 41.30 40.50 41.90 41.60 41.00 41.30 40.90 40.80 41.30 40.30 41.00 41.30 40.70 40.20 42.20 41.70 40.30 42.10 41.20 40.30 42.50 42.00 41.10 42.00 41.20 40.80 42.40 41.20 41.00 42.20 42.00 41.10 42.00 41.80 41.30 42.20 41.50 39.80 42.80 42.20 41.00 41.70 41.20 39.60 41.30 40.40 40.20 41.00 40.80 40.00 41.85 41.13 40.41 0.70 0.60 0.60 2.50 2.10 2.10 7 8 9 10 39.60 39.70 39.50 39.50 39.90 40.00 0.30 0.90 39.20 39.00 39.30 39.20 39.70 39.90 0.20 0.80 38.20 38.60 37.90 38.00 38.60 38.70 0.20 0.60 37.60 37.70 37.70 37.50 37.80 38.40 0.40 1.60 39.10 39.50 40.40 40.10 0.30 1.20 38.60 39.10 40.00 39.80 0.30 1.00 37.10 37.80 39.60 38.10 0.20 0.70 36.20 38.20 38.90 37.30 0.50 2.00 39.00 39.40 39.10 39.10 39.00 39.60 39.30 39.60 39.20 39.60 39.70 39.60 40.80 40.00 39.80 39.20 40.60 40.50 40.00 39.40 39.70 39.30 40.70 39.70 39.66 0.60 2.30 37.70 39.10 38.40 38.80 38.90 39.00 38.70 39.00 39.00 39.30 39.10 39.10 40.10 39.50 39.50 39.00 40.40 40.40 38.00 38.60 39.30 39.00 40.00 38.50 39.10 0.50 2.00 37.20 38.20 37.50 37.20 38.20 38.00 37.90 38.10 37.20 37.70 38.00 38.60 39.30 39.30 39.00 38.80 40.00 40.00 37.70 38.30 37.90 38.10 38.20 38.20 38.28 0.40 1.40 36.30 36.60 36.60 36.00 36.50 37.00 38.00 37.80 37.90 37.60 38.70 38.00 37.90 38.90 37.60 38.30 38.70 39.50 37.20 37.40 37.30 36.80 37.20 38.00 37.58 1.10 4.00 Note: Locations: L1= Mulmuttal L2= Narendra L3= Ambaljeri L4=Yedahalli L5=Belavadi L6=Budihal Seed treatments: T1 = Control T2= Treated with Carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/kg T 3: Treated with TAQAT (Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 %) 3gm/kg T 4 = Treated with Trichoderma spp. @ 10gm/kg. 3605 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Table.4 Influence of provenance and seed treatments on seedling vigour index of groundnut during storage Treatment Initial 1 2 3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 2287 2353 2197 2188 2413 2505 38.03 108.3 2206 2279 2111 2119 2301 2352 36.23 123.3 2169 2182 2054 1983 2222 2259 32.50 109.8 2070 2085 1995 1907 2145 2197 28.06 80.05 T1 T2 T3 T4 S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 2261 2286 2447 2261 31.05 86.84 2162 2210 2370 2162 29.58 84.39 2098 2121 2314 2098 31.43 89.66 2036 2032 2213 2036 22.91 97.13 L1T1 L2T1 L3T1 L4T1 L5T1 L6T1 L1T2 L2T2 L3T2 L4T2 L5T2 L6T2 L1T3 L2T3 L3T3 L4T3 L5T3 L6T3 L1T4 L2T4 L3T4 L4T4 L5T4 L6T4 Mean S.Em.+ C.D. (0.01) 2304 2322 2154 2118 2319 2454 2258 2376 2206 2129 2346 2429 2449 2430 2278 2268 2586 2688 2134 2286 2144 2153 2394 2449 2324 76.06 216.9 2145 -2281 2050 2101 2169 2262 2214 2301 2116 2078 2240 2316 2346 2365 2203 2243 2499 2567 2118 2167 2072 2056 2298 2261 2038 72.47 206.7 2149 2006 1931 1933 2092 2143 2118 2218 2049 1999 2153 2196 2306 2394 2190 2059 2402 2529 2093 2110 2042 1927 2234 2169 2143 77.00 198.66 2066 1896 1837 1864 2000 2021 2031 2111 1990 1910 2058 2092 2052 2155 2140 1991 2134 2362 1993 2008 1984 1888 1931 2099 2026 56.13 160.10 Storage months 4 5 Location 1941 1818 1953 1863 1832 1741 1801 1681 2064 1906 2050 1941 28.74 26.05 81.99 74.30 Fungicides 1931 1774 1990 1920 2065 2013 1931 1774 23.47 21.27 76.12 105.66 Interactions 1791 1624 1766 1685 1638 1566 1674 1547 1958 1661 1933 1675 1959 1862 1995 1889 1924 1796 1828 1735 2052 1941 2077 2001 2107 2003 2079 1928 1949 1894 1894 1827 2201 2054 2175 2123 1916 1703 1976 1791 1823 1652 1823 1685 2043 1851 2017 1887 1942 1808 57.49 52.09 163.99 132.44 6 7 8 9 10 1723 1757 1607 1524 1794 1850 30.81 87.89 1557 1558 1492 1438 1672 1696 32.00 91.28 1358 1407 1218 1211 1413 1425 33.08 94.38 1162 1219 1115 1093 1292 1357 16.93 48.29 1069 1092 1057 1017 1195 1259 45.83 130.72 1643 1787 2065 1643 25.16 71.76 1585 1691 2013 1585 26.13 98.53 1306 1323 1924 1306 27.01 77.06 977 1255 1486 1126 13.82 102.5 867 1186 1399 1036 37.42 106.73 1502 1526 1454 1404 1602 1588 1753 1769 1609 1534 1818 1882 1861 1835 1799 1712 1825 2007 1627 1675 1531 1547 1712 1749 1680 61.63 175.7 1416 1397 1314 1307 1500 1530 1646 1713 1493 1458 1589 1624 1685 1647 1551 1585 1718 1859 1477 1454 1480 1474 1560 1527 1542 64.01 182.5 1068 1134 960 988 1307 1277 1296 1373 1206 1201 1379 1413 1440 1460 1436 1408 1566 1657 1198 1220 1221 1175 1292 1285 1290 66.17 126.2 966 996 840 813 1131 1152 1228 1298 1140 1136 1323 1435 1369 1453 1469 1441 1562 1626 1111 1157 1053 1031 1170 1247 1214 33.86 96.58 840 856 756 709 986 1014 1157 1164 1077 1067 1249 1388 1309 1380 1366 1361 1438 1504 992 985 993 950 1086 1129 1115 91.66 261.4 Note: Locations: L1= Mulmuttal L2= Narendra L3= Ambaljeri L4=Yedahalli L5=Belavadi L6=Budihal Seed treatments: T1 = Control T2= Treated with Carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/kg T3 = Treated with TAQAT (Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 %) 3gm/kg T 4 = Treated with Trichoderma spp. @ 10gm/kg. 3606 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 Among the seed treatments Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3 g / kg was found to be most effective and recorded the lowest infection (1.48 % and 6.96 %) from initial and 10 months of storage, respectively, whereas, highest per cent seed infection (13.73 and 11.09 %) was recorded in control. It is in increasing trend with advancement of storage period, due to decrease in efficacy of fungicide with respect to advanced storage period. Similar finding were observed in Nghiep and Gaur (2005). There was a gradual decrease in seed quality parameters like germination, seedling vigour index test weight (Table 2 – 4). At the initial month of storage, higher germination (92.50 %), seedling vigour index (2505), test weight (44.30 g) was observed in Budihal location of belagavi district, while, lower germination (88.92 %), seedling vigour index (2188), test weight (43.30 g) was observed in Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district. At the end of 10 months of storage period higher germination (73.75 %), test weight (38.40 g), seedling vigour index (1259) were seen in Budihal location of Belagavi district, while, lowest germination (67.42 %), test weight (37.50 g), seedling vigour index (1017) was observed in Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district. The gradual decrease in seed quality parameters as advancement of storage. Similar differences in seedling vigour attributes due to storage locations have been reported by Sharma et al., (1998), Sharma and Singh (1997). (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3 g / kg treated seeds, while, lowest germination (60.22 %), test weight (36.20 g), vigour index (867) was observed in control. Similar findings were observed by Nghiep and Gaur (2005) in paddy. Seed treatment with Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3 g / kg was found better to maintain the quality of seed due to its antifungal activity and it also recorded the highest in the maintenance of seed quality attributes as it is a combinations of two fungicides (Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 %). This suggests that TAQAT acts as a protective factor, against seed deterioration due to fungal invasion and physiological ageing. Hence, the seed viability was maintained for comparatively longer period of time due to chemical treatment and kept the seeds intact, as it act as binding material; it covers the minor cracks and aberrations as the seed coat thus blocking the fungal invasion. It may also act as a physical barrier, which reduces the leaching of inhibitors from seed covering and restrict oxygen movement and thus reducing the respiration of embryo further by reducing the ageing effect on the seed. In the present study of combifungicides besides being toxic to fungus might have acted as seed coat barrier inhibiting seed infection. These results are in agreement with findings of Hooda and Singh (1993), Vanagamudi et al., (2003), Anitha et al., (2013). Seed treatments Interaction effects of provenance and seed treatments Seed treatments quality parameters were significantly reduced throughout the storage period (Table 2 – 4). Initial months of storage higher seed germination (91.06 %), test weight (44.10 g), seedling vigour index (2447) was observed in Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3 g / kg treated seeds, while, lowest germination (90.11 %), seedling vigour (2261), test weight (43.30 g) was seen in control. At the end of 10 months of storage period and higher germination (78.44 %), test weight (38.90 g), high vigour index (1399) was observed in Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % Among the interaction effects the treatment combination Budihal location of Belagavi district treated with Captan 70 % + Hexaconazole 5 % (TAQAT 75 WP) @ 3g / kg recorded the at the end of the storage period with respect to lowest per cent seed infection (0.56 %) and highest seed germination (94.00 %), vigour index (2688) while, the treatment combination of Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district with control recorded higher per cent seed infection (17.50 and lower seed quality attributes viz., germination (88.70 %), test weight (43.40 g), vigour index (2118). Gradual 3607 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 3600-3608 decrease in seed quality parameters were observed At the end of 10 months of storage period, Budihal location of Belagavi district with TAQAT recorded the lowest per cent seed infection (5.50 %) and highest seed germination (80.00 %), test weight (39.50 g), vigour index (1504). While, the treatment combination of Yedahalli location of Bagalkot district with control recorded highest per cent seed infection (13.00 %) and lowest germination (55.30 %), test weight (36.00 g), low vigour index (709) and low seedling dry weight (3.05 g). Similarly the interaction effect between provenance and seed treatments was recorded by Bapurayagouda (2010), Nivedita Roy et al., (2013) lower seedling vigour index might be due to age, fungi and storage pest induced decline in germination, decrease in dry matter accumulation in seedling and decrease in seedling growth. Finally it may be concluded that seed production may organise in Belagavi district and kernals may be treated with TAQAT @ 3gm/kg for disease free, better quality seed and stored up to ten months. References Anitha, S. R. and Savitha, G., 2013, Impact of mancozeb stress on seedling growth, seed germination, chlorophyll and phenolic content of rice cultivars. Int. J. Sci. Res., 4 (7): 292-294. Anonymous, 2014, International Rules of Seed Testing (2004). Int. Seed Testing Assoc., (ISTA), Switzerland. Anonymous, 2016, Status paper on oil seed published by oil seed division, GOI, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, pp. 23-25. Bapurayagouda, B. P., 2010, Effect of fungicidal seed treatment on control of grain smut incidence, seed yield and quality and storability of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad. Desai, S., Thakur, R.P., Rao, V.P and Anjaiah, V. 2000. Characterisation of isolates of Trichoderma for biocontrol potential against Aspergillus flavus infection in groundnut. Int. Arachis Newslett, 20: 57-59. Hooda, K. S. and Singh, M., 1993, Storage of vitavax treated wheat seeds in relation to seed moisture and control of loose smut in field. Seed Res., 21(2): 123-125. Kakde, R.B and Chavan, A.M. 2016. Deteriorative changes in oilseeds due to storage fungi and efficacy of botanicals. Curr. Bot., 2 (1): 17-22. Nghiep, H. V. and Gaur, A., 2005, Efficacy of seed treatment in improving seed quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Omonrice, 13: 4251. Nivedita Roy., 2013, Effect of provenance and storability on seed borne disease and seed quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Northern Karnataka. M. Sc. (Agri) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad. Sharma, J. K. and Singh, H. B., 1997, Relative storability of the seeds of some crop species under ambient conditions. Seed Res., 25 (1): 37-40. Sharma, S. N., Goyal, K. C., Gupta, I. J., Gupta, H. C., Kakralya, B. S., Sharma, S. K., Mehta, S. M. and Rathore, A. K. S., 1998, Packaging material and soybean seed quality during storage. Seed Res., 26 (1): 89-91. Sundarajan, N., Nagraju, S., Venktataraman, S. and Jaganath, M. H., 1972, Design and Analysis of field experiments. Univ. Agril. Sci., Bangalore. Vanagamudi, K., Srimathi, P., Natarajan, N. and Bhaskaran, M., 2003, Current Scenario of Seed Coating Polymer. In: ICAR - short course on Seed Hardening and Pelleting Technologies for Rainfed/ Garden Land Ecosystems, New Delhi, pp. 80-100. How to cite this article: Basavaraj N. Ganiger, N.K. Biradarpatil and Ashok S. Sajjan. 2018. Effect of Provenance and Seed Treatments on Occurrence of Seed Borne Diseases and Storability of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(10): 3600-3608. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.417 3608