Effect of nutrient combinations on growth, yield and quality of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(02): 411-417 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.048 Effect of Nutrient Combinations on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Undavalli Satyanarayana*, Rajesh Singh, Punnam Chhetri and Ekta Singh Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Sulphur, Boron, Zinc, Mustard, CGR, RGR, Dry Weight Article Info Accepted: 14 January 2021 Available Online: 10 February 2021 A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron treatment combinations on plant growth, yield and its attributes on mustard at Central Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The treatment combinations of the study were as sulphur (0, 30 and 40 kg/ha) zinc (0 and 5 kg/ha) and boron (0% and 0.2% spray) respectively. There were 12 treatments each replicated thrice. Addition of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher plant height (156.67), Dry weight (11.81 g), crop growth rate (2.59) and relative crop growth rate (0.05) at 100 DAS. Addition of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher test weight (4.24 g), seed yield (1893.33 Kg/ha), stalk yield (3161.33 Kg/ha) and oil content percentage (35.93). The three allopolyploids are B. juncea (2n = 36), B. napus (2n = 38), and B. carinata (2n = 34), which have evolved as a result of hybridization between different mono genomic diploids. B. juncea (brown mustard, 2n = 4× = 36) is an allotetraploid species evolved from a spontaneous hybridization of B. rapa and B. nigra (Bybordi & Mamedov, 2010). Introduction Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) a member of Brassicaceae family and an important oil seed crop of the world. Brassica contains many agriculturally important species, including vegetable, condiment, and oilseed crops. The genetic relationships between six diploid and allopolyploid cultivated Brassica species were described by Nagaheru. The three diploids are B. rapa (2n = 20), B.nigra (2n = 16), and B.oleracea (2n = 18) (Bayer, 2010). Mustard has primary center of its origin in central Asia with secondary centers in central and western China, eastern India, Burma and through Iran to Near East cultivated for 411 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(02): 411-417 centuries in many parts of Eurasia. However, the principal growing countries are Bangladesh, Central Africa, China, India, Japan, Nepal, and Pakistan, as well as southern Russia in north of the Caspian Sea (Kumar vineet et al., 2016). reserve substances. Foliar application of Boron improves fertilization and enhances the production and productivity of the oilseed legumes (Cara et al., 2002). Zinc being one of the micronutrient, plays a significant role in the various enzymatic and physiological activities of the plant system. It is also essential for assimilation and Nmetabolism. It is important for stability of the cytoplasmic ribosome, cell division, dehydrogenase, proteinase, peptidase enzymes and helps in the synthesis of the protein and carotene (Das et al., 2005 and Pandey et al., 2006). Zn+2 deficiencies usually results in severe yield losses and in acute cases lead to the death of the crop plant. Kutuk et al., (2000) also suggested that the application of Zn has become necessary for improved crop yields. Mandal and Sinha (2004) recommended application of ZnSO4 at the rate of 20 kg/ ha for oilseeds including mustard. Mustard seeds are excellent source of minerals such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus. It is a great source of dietary folate and Vitamin A (Tripathi et al., 2010). Mustard leaves or greens are a great source of essential minerals such as calcium, potassium and phosphorus. It is a great source of dietary fiber and magnesium (Pandey et al., 2006). The role of S in plants is to help in the formation of plant proteins, and it is essential for the formation of chlorophyll and improves root growth. Sulphur is involved in the formation of vitamins and enzymes required for the plant to conduct its biochemical processes (Scherer et al., 2008). Sulphur deficiency in the soil can not only reduce grain yield and quality of produce but also make a sharp impact in agro-based economy (Fismesa et al., 2000). Sulphur is accumulated in plants in low concentrations compared to N, but is an essential element as a constituent of proteins, cysteine-containing peptides such as glutathione, or numerous secondary metabolites (Kumar et al., 2012). Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2019 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P).The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.2), low in organic carbon (0.58%), medium in available N (238 Kg/ha), high in available P (32.10 Kg/ha) and low in available K (189 Kg/ha). The treatment consisted of 3 levels of sulphur viz. S1 (0 Kg S/ha), S2 (30 Kg S/ha), S3 (40 Kg S/ha), 2 levels of Zinc Z1 (0 Kg/ha) Z2 (5 Kg/ha) and 2 levels of Boron B1 (0% spray) and B2(0.2% spray) There are 12 treatments each replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. It was sown on 6th December 2019 at spacing 45cm x 20cm recommended doses of nitrogen and potassium were applied. Boron plays a prominent role in diverse range of the plants functions including cell wall formation, stability, maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the biological membranes, movement of the sugar products in the plants from source to sink (Brown et al., 2002). Micronutrient Boron (B) has a prominent role in translocation of sugars, carbohydrate metabolism, flowering and regulation of hormones, acts as an activator of starch phosphorylase enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of starch and seed 412 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(02): 411-417 which had an active role in the metabolites and its by-products. Shailendra Kumar et al., (2018) observed the same on application of zinc to the mustard crop in konkan region. Results and Discussion The growth parameters like plant height, Dry weight of plant Crop growth rate and Relative growth rate were significantly affected by the application of sulphur,Boron and Zinc. Dry weight Mustard crop fertilized with40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2%Boron spray resulted significant increase indry weight (11.81 g) at 100 DAS. Sulphur application to the legumes increases leaves per plant, dry weight, protein content and nutrient up taking capacity, Katiyar et al., (2014) observed gradual increase in dry weight on S application. The micronutrient B plays a major role in movement of energy or sugars in the growing parts of the plant provides cell stability which helps for increase in fresh and dry weights; Gopal et al., (2018) reported similar results with B application in mustard. Growth parameters Plant height Mustard crop fertilized with40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2%Boron spray resulted significant increase in plant height (156.67cms) at 100 DAS. Sulphur, being the fourth major essential element helps in formation of proteins, enzymes, vitamins that has a crucial role in plant metabolic activities. Kumawat and Pthan (2002) observed the increased plant height to the control in the mustard. Zinc activates certain enzymes which helps to synthesis certain enzymes Table.1 Effect of Nutrient Combinations on Growth of Mustard at (100 DAS) Treatment Combinations T1 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T2 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn +0.2% Boron spray T3: 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T4 : 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T5: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T6: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T7: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T8: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T9: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T10: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T11: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T12: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray SEm± CD (P = 0.05) Plant Height (cms) 124.33 137.66 139.67 134.33 139.67 149.33 146.67 154.67 149.00 151.33 153.23 156.67 2.19 6.42 413 Dryweight (g/plant) 9.98 10.16 10.22 10.52 9.85 10.34 10.74 11.67 10.12 10.46 11.57 11.81 0.26 0.75 Crop Growth Rate (g/m2/day) 1.84 2.18 1.95 2.28 2.31 2.19 2.15 2.38 2.09 2.17 2.30 2.59 0.08 0.24 Relative Growth Rate (g/g/day) 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 - Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(02): 411-417 Table.2 Effect of Nutrient Combinations on Yield of Mustard Treatment Combinations Test (g) T1 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T2 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn +0.2% Boron spray T3: 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T4 : 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T5: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T6: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T7: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T8: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T9: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T10: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T11: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T12: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray SEm± CD (P = 0.05) weight Seedyield (Kg/ha) 2.76 1584.33 2.91 1656.33 3.22 1692.83 3.67 1724.33 3.62 1720.67 3.73 1785.33 3.78 1811.67 4.06 1879.67 3.23 1706.01 3.86 1717.12 3.93 1867.67 4.24 1893.33 0.07 57.29 0.23 168.02 StalkYield (Kg/ha) 2477.01 2919.67 2863.33 2757.33 2763.33 2840.02 2941.67 2906.66 2983.33 2860.04 2971.67 3161.33 99.91 293.04 Table.3 Effect of Nutrient Combinations on Oil Content of Mustard Treatment Combinations T1 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T2 : 0 Kg S + 0 kg Zn +0.2% Boronspray T3: 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T4 : 0 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boronspray T5: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T6: 30 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T7: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T8: 30 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2% Boron spray T9: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + Boron no spray T10: 40 Kg S + 0 kg Zn + 0.2% Boronspray T11: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + Boron no spray T12: 40 Kg S + 5 kg Zn + 0.2%Boron spray SEm± Crop growth rate (g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (g/g/day) Oil content (%) 32.07 33.04 32.59 32.50 33.02 34.03 33.19 34.03 35.11 34.16 35.06 35.93 0.48 seedling phase and development phases of crop growth, which accelerated the metabolic and physiological activity of the plant. It helped to assimilate more amounts of nutrients, facilitated more photosynthesis process and ultimately increased the growth parameters viz. LAI, CGR and RGR. Similar results were obtained by Rana et al., (2005) and Malewar et al., (2009). Mustard crop fertilized with40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2%Boron spray resulted significant increase in Crop growth rate and Relative growth rate (2.59) and (0.05) respectively at 100 DAS. Due to availability of micro nutrients B and Zn+2, it enhanced translocation of nutrients, sugars during 414 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(02): 411-417 produces sulphur rich amino acids like cysteine and methionine, thioglucoside and synthesis of amino acids ultimately increased the oil content in seed Shankar and Meena (2015). Test weight At harvest significantly higher test weight (4.24 g) was observed by fertilization of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray. Rao et al., (2013), Kumar vineet et al., (2016) reported that application of sulphur, zinc and boron significantly increased the yield attributes such as number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua and test weight and ultimately increases in yield. Since, these are major nutrients for oilseeds; promoted rapid vegetative growth and branching, thereby, increasing flowering, sink size, fruit and seed setting. In conclusion, it is inferred from the present investigation that application of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron sprayin addition to the full doses of nitrogen and potassium is recommended for receiving higher growth and yield of Mustard. References Bayer, (2010).Bayer Sequence Genome of Canola. Bayer Crop Science: The BioenergSite, Retrieved 8 November, 2010. Brown, P. H., Bellaloui, N., Wimmer, M. A., Bassil, E. S., Ruiz, J., Hu, H., Pfeffer, H., Dannel, F., Römheld, V., (2002). Boron in plant biology, Plant Biology, 4, 205-223. 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Eur J Yield Mustard crop fertilized with 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher seed yield and stalk yield (1893.33 Kg/ha) and (3161.33 Kg/ha) respectively. Rana et al., (2005), Gopal et al., (2018), Rao et al., (2013) and Jat and Mehra (2007) reported that the micro nutrients Zn+2 and B also play their significant role in the enzymatic activities, proteins synthesis and show effect on nutrient up taking capacity (Singh and Meena 2005). Application of these treatment combinations, might have increased the microbial activity in the root zone which helped to uptake more nutrients thus maintain the proper nutritional system. As a result, all the growth parameters yield and its attributes increased which raised the Harvest Index (%) than that of control. Oil content (%) Mustard crop fertilized with 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher oil content percent (35.93). 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