Nội dung

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.218 Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Inceptisol K. Reddy Tummala1*, R.B. Pawar2 and D.S. Patil2 1 M.Sc agri Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. 2 Division of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords INM, Wheat, FYM, PMC, Vermicompost Article Info Accepted: 15 September 2018 Available Online: 10 October 2018 The present investigation was undertaken at Post Graduate Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur during rabi 2016 with the objective to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of wheat in Inceptisol. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments. Studies revealed that the growth characters, yield attributes, grain and stover yields were influenced significantly due to conjunctive use of different organic manures with inorganic fertilizers. Amongst different treatments, the highest plant height (91.13 cm), total number of tillers meter-1 (412), length of panicle (8.40 cm), number of grains panicle-1 (36), thousand grain weight (41.83 g), grain weight panicle -1 (1.92 g), grain (43.43 q ha-1) and stover (62.33 q ha-1) yields, gross monetary returns (82.22 thousand₹ . ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.98) were recorded in treatment T 4 i.e. with application of 75% inorganic RDN + 25% RDN through PMC + RD of P 2O5 and K2O, which was at par with treatment T2. The results of the present investigation indicate that it is possible to replace 25% inorganic nitrogen through organic manures viz: PMC, VC and FYM with maintaining yield and organic carbon status of soil. Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the World’s most important widely cultivated food crop. World production of wheat was estimated to be 734.1 million tonnes during 2015-16. Wheat is the staple food crop which occupies important place next to rice in India. In India, during the past three decades, intensive agriculture involving exhaustive high-yielding varieties of wheat has led to heavy withdrawal of nutrients from the soil. Since then, there was a continuous increase in fertilizer consumption too. Furthermore, imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers by farmers has deteriorated soil health which ultimately laid path for declining productivity. Integrated nutrient supply is the systematic approach to nutrient management as the combined application of organic and inorganic sources improves the soil fertility and crop productivity (Shree et al., 2014). Remarkable increase in nutrient uptake and yield by integrated nutrient supply has also been reported by Mohanty et al., (2013). In view of this, the present investigation was undertaken 1892 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of wheat in Inseptisol. Materials and Methods The field experiment was carried out during rabi, 2016 in the randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The sowing of seeds of wheat cv. PhuleSamadhan (NIAW-1994) was done by line sowing by hand at 2-3 cm depth of soil and with line to line spacing of 22.5 cm to maintain uniform plant population. Treatments superimposed were T1-Absolute control, T2-RDN + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T3-75% inorganic RDN + 25% RDN through FYM +RD of P2O5 and K2O, T4-75% inorganic RDN + 25% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T5-75% inorganic RDN + 25% RDN through Vermicompost + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T650% inorganic RDN + 50% RDN through FYM + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T7-50% inorganic RDN + 50% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T8-50% inorganic RDN + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T9-100 % RDN through organics (33% FYM + 33% PMC + 33% V.C) + RD of P2O5 and K2O, T10-Green manuringin situ of sunnhemp (2:1; wheat: sunnhemp) + RD of P2O5 and K2O. FYM, PMC, Vermicompost were applied as per the treatments 15 days before sowing. Out of total recommended dose of fertilizer (120: 60: 40; N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1) a basal dose of 60: 60: 40; N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1 was applied through urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash and different organic manures as per the treatment details, except absolute control. The remaining half dose of nitrogen i.e., 60 kg ha-1 was applied at 25 days after sowing through urea except absolute control. At maturity, the observations on ancillary characters were recorded on randomly selected plants in each plot. The wheat crop was harvested when grains were fully matured and straw turned yellow. The total grain and straw yield were recorded. The plant and soil samples collected at harvest were analysed for different parameters by adopting standard procedures. Results and Discussion Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributes Data illustrated in Table 1 and graphically depicted in Figure 1, 2 and 3 reveal that the growth and yield of wheat were increased significantly with conjunctive use of different organic manures with inorganic fertilizers over control. The significantly highest number of tillers meter-1 (412) was recorded with the treatment T4 however it was at par with T5 (407). The significantly highest number of grains panicle-1 was recorded with treatment T4 (36), however it was at par with T5 (34). The treatment T4 recorded significantly more plant height (91.13 cm), however it was at par with T5 (89.93), T3 (88.40), T2 (87.73) and T7 (84.06). The treatment T4 recorded significantly highest panicle length (8.40 cm), however it was at par with T5 (8.20 cm), T3 (8.06 cm), T2 (8 cm), T7 (7.40 cm), T8 (7.20 cm) and T6 (7 cm). These results are in confirmative with those reported by Nehra et al., (2001), Bahadur et al., (2013) and Singh et al., (2018). The significantly highest thousand grain weight was recorded with treatment T4 (41.83 g), however it was at par with T5 (41.40 g), T3 (40.76 g), T2 (40.30 g), T7 (39.70 g) and T8 (39.13 g). The significantly highest grain weight panicle-1 was recorded with treatment T4 (1.92 g), however it was at par with T5 (1.85 g), T3 (1.79 g) and T2 (1.70 g). These results are confirmative with those reported by Bahadur et al., (2013) and Singh et al., (2018). 1893 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 1894 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 1895 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 1896 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 1897 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 1898 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 Table.1 Growth and yield attributing characters and yield of wheat as influenced by integrated nutrient management (INM) Treatment Total number of tillers meter-1 Number of grains panicle-1 Plant height (cm) Length of panicle (cm) Thousand grain wt (g) Grain weight panicle-1 (g) Grain yield (q ha1 ) Stover yield (q ha1 ) T1 (Absolute Control) 294 16 72.80 5.06 32.93 0.86 18.56 25.32 T2 RDN + RD of P2O5&K2O 387 33 87.73 8.00 40.30 1.70 41.27 57.18 T3 75% RDN + 25% RDN through FYM + RD of P2O5& K2O T4 75% RDN + 25% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5& K2O T575% RDN + 25% RDN through VC + RD of P2O5& K2O T6 50% RDN + 50% RDN through FYM + RD of P2O5& K2O T7 50% RDN + 50% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5& K2O T850% RDN + 50% RDN through VC + RD of P2O5& K2O T9100% RDN through (33% FYM + 33% PMC + 33% VC) + RD of P2O5& K2O T10 Green manuring in situ (2:1;wheat:sunnhemp) RD of P2O5& K2O S.E ± 391 33 88.40 8.06 40.76 1.79 41.53 58.32 412 36 91.13 8.40 41.83 1.92 43.43 62.33 407 34 89.93 8.20 41.40 1.85 42.15 60.29 367 27 82.53 7.00 38.76 1.42 35.57 49.16 377 29 84.06 7.40 39.70 1.55 36.71 52.28 370 27 83.73 7.20 39.13 1.49 36.46 49.96 359 23 82.00 6.86 37.97 1.34 33.00 44.10 347 22 79.26 6.00 36.09 1.21 26.62 34.77 4.51 0.94 2.39 0.49 0.96 0.09 1.51 1.95 C.D. (P=0.O5) 13.40 2.80 7.12 1.46 2.86 0.27 4.48 5.80 1899 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 Table.2 Gross monetary returns, cost of cultivation, net monetary returns and B: C ratio of wheat crop as influenced by integrated nutrient management (INM) Treatment T1 (Absolute Control) T2 RDN + RD of P2O5& K2O T3 75% RDN + 25% RDN through FYM + RD of P2O5& K2O T4 75% RDN + 25% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5& K2O T575% RDN + 25% RDN through VC + RD of P2O5& K2O T6 50% RDN + 50% RDN through FYM + RD of P2O5& K2O T7 50% RDN + 50% RDN through PMC + RD of P2O5& K2O T850% RDN + 50% RDN through VC + RD of P2O5& K2O T9100% RDN through (33% FYM + 33% PMC + 33% VC) + RD of P2O5& K2O T10 Green manuring in situ (2:1;wheat:sunnhemp) RD of P2O5& K2O S.E ± C.D. (P=0.05) Grain yield (q ha-1) Stover yield (q ha-1) Cost of cultivation (thousand ₹ . ha-1) 25.32 57.18 58.32 Gross monetary returns (thousand ₹ . ha-1) 35.02 75.94 78.33 B:C ratio 22.83 26.21 40.84 Net monetary returns (thousand ₹ . ha-1) 34.15 49.73 37.48 18.56 41.27 41.53 43.43 62.33 82.22 27.51 54.71 2.98 42.15 60.29 79.79 44.90 34.88 1.77 35.57 49.16 67.17 55.48 11.69 1.20 36.71 52.28 69.48 28.81 40.65 2.40 36.46 49.96 68.80 63.57 05.23 1.07 33.00 44.10 62.15 72.35 0.21 0.85 26.62 34.77 50.07 25.59 21.81 1.95 1.51 4.48 1.95 5.80 2.74 8.16 - 6.67 19.84 0.08 0.26 Effect of integrated nutrient management on grain and stover yield The significantly highest grain (43.43 q ha-1) and Stover (62.33 q ha-1) yields of wheat were recorded in treatment T4 and it was at par with T5, T3 and T2 as shown in Table 1 and graphically depicted in Figure 4. The results are confirmative with Bahadur et al., (2012). The significantly highest grain and stover yields of wheat were recorded in the treatments receiving 25% GRDN through organic manures viz., FYM, PMC and VC which might be due to proper supply of N at different growth stages of wheat and other beneficial and favourable effect of organic manures on soil properties. Further substituting 50% inorganic N with organic N through different organic manures significantly reduced the grain and stover yield of wheat however, the yields were significantly higher than 100% RDN through organic manures (T9) and green manuring of sunnhemp in situ (T10). The green manuring of sunnhemp in wheat increased the grain and stover yield of wheat 1900 1.53 2.89 1.91 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 1892-1902 significantly over absolute control (T1) indicating the favourable effect of green manuring on soil and crop. These results are confirmative with those reported by Singh et al., (2018), Prasad et al., (2010) and Sharma et al., (2016), who also reported increase in grain and stover yields of wheat with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures. Gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B: C ratio as influenced by integrated nutrient management Gross monetary, cost of cultivation, net monetary returns and B: C ratio as influenced by different treatments are presented in Table 2 and graphically depicted in Figure 5. The significantly highest gross monetary returns were obtained in treatment T4 (82.22 thousand ₹ . ha-1) but it was at par with T5, T3 and T2. The cost of wheat cultivation was significantly highest in treatment T9 (72.35 thousand ₹ . ha-1). The highest cost of cultivation in T9 treatment was due to application of 100% RD of nitrogen was supplied through organic manures where the cost of vermicompost and Farm Yard Manures were very high ₹ .8000 t-1 and ₹ .2500 t-1, respectively. The significantly highest B: C ratio (2.98) was recorded in T4 (75% RDN + 25% RD of nitrogen through PMC + RD of P2O5 and K2O). These results are confirmative with Ram et al., (2014) and Singh et al., (2016). There was significant increase in plant height, number of tillers meter-1, length of panicle, thousand grains weight, grain weight panicle1 , number of grains panicle-1, grain and stover yield over the control due to integrated application of organic manures with inorganic fertilizers. The highest B: C ratio was recorded with treatment T4 (75% RDN + 25% RD of nitrogen through PMC + RD of P2O5 and K2O) however it was at par with treatment T2 (RDN + RD of P2O5 and K2O). The substitution of 25% RDN through press mud cake significantly increased all the growth parameters, grain and stover yield of wheat. The results of the present investigation indicate that it is possible to replace 25% inorganic nitrogen through organic manures viz., PMC, VC and FYM with maintaining yield and organic carbon status of soil. References Bahadur, L., Tiwari, D.D., Mishra, J. and Gupta, B.R. (2012) Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, microbial population and changes in soil properties under rice-wheat cropping system in sodic soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science60, 326-329. Bahadur, L., Tiwari, D.D., Mishra, J. and Gupta, B.R. (2013) Evaluation of integrated nutrient management options in rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in reclaimed sodic land. Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, 137-145. Mohanty, M., Nanda, S.S. and Barik, A.K. (2013) Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of wet season rice (Oryza sativa) in Odisha. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 83, 599604. Nehra, A.S., Hooda, I.S. and Singh, K.P. (2001) Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 46, 112-117. Prasad, J., Karmakar, S., Kumar, R. and Mishra, B. (2010) Influence of integrated nutrient management on yield and soil properties in maize-wheat cropping system in an Alfisol of 1901