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2012 Edition Driving Costs Beyond the price tag: Understanding your vehicle’s expenses C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N The information in this booklet applies to household vehicles, not business use. Organizations operating fleets of vehicles or paying employee allowances for personal vehicles should contact CarDATA Consultants Inc. for information regarding their services. www.cardataconsultants.com Vehicle Expenses 3 National Average Costs 4 Average Annual Operating Costs 4 Average Annual Ownership Costs 5 Annual Driving Costs 6 How to Calculate Your Vehicle Expenses 8 Your Vehicle and Your Business C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N 11 Driving Costs 2012 2 Driving Costs 2012 Beyond the price tag: Understanding your vehicle’s expenses Whether you buy new or used, there’s more to the cost of your vehicle than the purchase price. Fuel, maintenance, depreciation—all kinds of factors add to your total cost of ownership. Since transportation is an average household’s second largest expense, it makes sense to get the full picture of what you’re spending each year to keep your vehicle on the road. That’s why the Canadian Automobile Association developed this booklet. By giving national averages and approximate figures as guidelines, Driving Costs helps you make the calculations you need to build an accurate transportation budget. VEHICLE EXPENSES All the average costs we’ve cited are for vehicles operating under mostly stop-and-go driving conditions. Costs are weighted by the population of each province to establish a nationwide composite average value, and are calculated using figures available as of February 2012 except for fuel costs which reflect the average price in 2011. There are two main kinds of costs associated with your vehicle: Operating Costs: These are variable, meaning they may change depending on where you live, how you drive, how often you’re on the road, and what you spend on service and repairs. Ownership Costs: These are fixed, meaning they are normally stable from month to month. They include insurance, licence fees, registration fees, taxes, finance costs and depreciation. Fixed costs may differ from vehicle to vehicle and place to place, but they change little with the amount and type of driving. C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 3 NATIONAL AVERAGE COSTS The following chart shows the average costs of operating a vehicle in Canada. To calculate these national figures, we’ve used a: • • • 2012 Honda Civic LX (4 cylinder) 2012 Toyota Camry LE (4 cylinder) 2012 Chevrolet Equinox LT We’ve selected these three vehicles to represent small sedans, sedans, and crossovers– all of which are leading vehicle classes. Please note that actual costs will vary for other types of vehicles. To calculate another vehicle’s costs, please see our chart on page 10. For our selected vehicles, all are equipped with standard accessories, including air conditioning, anti-lock brakes, cruise control, power door locks and windows, AM/FM stereo with a CD player, rear window defroster, tilt steering wheel, and an automatic transmission. AVERAGE ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS AVERAGE ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS PER KILOMETRE – VARIABLE (based on 18,000 km of driving per year and a 4 year retention period) Civic LX Camry LE Equinox LT Fuel 8.88 cents 10.12 cents 11.36 cents Maintenance 2.18 cents 4.60 cents 2.55 cents Tires 1.84 cents 1.96 cents 2.53 cents 12.90 cents 16.68 cents 16.44 cents TOTAL Gasoline costs are based on a national average gas price of 1.23 cents per litre. These costs reflect the purchase of regular, unleaded gasoline. C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 4 AVERAGE ANNUAL OWNERSHIP COSTS AVERAGE ANNUAL OWNERSHIP COSTS – FIXED (based on 18,000 km of driving per year) Civic LX Camry LE Equinox LT $2,467.44 $2,667.00 $2,773.68 $124.00 $124.00 $124.00 $3,024.00 $3,633.48 $4,608.00 $824.28 $1025.52 $1,286.64 ANNUAL TOTAL $6,439.72 $7,450.00 $8,792.32 Amount per day $17.64 $20.41 $24.09 Insurance* Licence and Registration Depreciation** Finance Expense (Car Loan)*** *These insurance costs are based on typical insurance coverage (i.e. a vehicle driven less than 16 kilometres per day, to and from work, with no young driver – note: young drivers under 25 usually pay a higher than average premium). This coverage would also include: • $500 comprehensive deductible • $500 collision deductible • $1,000,000 inclusive third party liability • Business Use (approximately adds 10% cost to premium) **The depreciation factors given in the table above are average annual figures based on trade-in values for the three vehicle models after four years and 72,000 kilometres. ***Based on 7.5%; and a four-year loan. C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 5 ANNUAL DRIVING COSTS The amount you drive has a direct relationship to your costs per kilometre. Using the CarDATA Consultants Inc. figures in the preceding table, you can expect the following approximate costs: ANNUAL DRIVING COSTS – based on the Civic LX Km driven per year Annual operating costs (variable) Annual ownership costs (fixed) Total cost Cost per km 12,000 km $1,548.00 $6,175.72 $7,723.72 $0.64 16,000 km $2,064.00 $6,439.72 $8,503.72 $0.53 18,000 km $2,322.00 $6,439.72 $8,761.72 $0.49 24,000 km $3,096.00 $6,691.72 $9,787.72 $0.41 32,000 km $4,128.00 $7,171.72 $11,299.72 $0.35 ANNUAL DRIVING COSTS – based on the Camry LE Km driven per year Annual operating costs (variable) Annual ownership costs (fixed) Total cost Cost per km 12,000 km $2,001.60 $7,140.52 $9,142.12 $0.76 16,000 km $2,668.80 $7,450.00 $10,118.80 $0.63 18,000 km $3,002.40 $7,450.00 $10,452.40 $0.58 24,000 km $4,003.20 $7,752.52 $11,755.72 $0.49 32,000 km $5,337.60 $8,316.52 $13,654.12 $0.43 C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 6 ANNUAL DRIVING COSTS ANNUAL DRIVING COSTS – based on the Equinox LT Km driven per year Annual operating costs (variable) Annual ownership costs (fixed) Total cost Cost per km 12,000 km $1,972.80 $8,492.32 $10,465.12 $0.87 16,000 km $2,630.40 $8,792.32 $11,422.72 $0.71 18,000 km $2,959.20 $8,792.32 $11,751.52 $0.65 24,000 km $3,945.60 $9,068.32 $13,013.92 $0.54 32,000 km $5,260.80 $9,584.32 $14,845.12 $0.46 C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 7 HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR VEHICLE EXPENSES So how do you calculate your annual vehicle-related costs? The following explains how to arrive at accurate estimates for the various factors you need to consider. Plug these values into the table on page 10 and follow the line-by-line instructions to arrive at your total. Operating Costs Gasoline: To determine gas cost per kilometre, fill up your gas tank and take note of the kilometre reading on your odometer. On your next fill-up (be sure you refuel when the tank is close to empty), divide the cost of your fill-up by the distance you have driven. This is your gas cost per kilometre. For example, if it costs you $50.00 to refuel and you drove 500 kilometres since your last fill-up, your gas cost per kilometre is 10 cents. Maintenance: Proper maintenance affects the life of your vehicle, your fuel economy and your safety. Avoiding repairs and maintenance will cost you in the form of extra depreciation. The best way to determine your maintenance costs is to keep a record of expenses. If you haven’t kept a record, estimate these costs at an average of 2.18 cents per kilometre driven—that’s the average for a standard compact (e.g., the Civic LX) with only routine maintenance. (For a vehicle in the class of the Toyota Camry use 4.60 cents; and for the Chevrolet Equinox use 2.55 cents). Winter tires are mandatory in Quebec. For approximate costs, please check with local retailers. Tires: How and where you drive affects your tire costs significantly. High speeds, low tire inflation, hard cornering, rapid acceleration and quick stops all contribute to fast tire wear. The average tire wear and tire cost per kilometer is about 1.84 cents for the Civic LX, 1.96 cents for the Toyota Camry and 2.53 cents for the Chevrolet Equinox. A new set of tires can cost up to $957 (this is an average cost using Civic, Camry and Equinox tires). Winter tires are mandatory in Quebec. You can inquire with a local retailer about the approximate price. C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 8 Ownership Costs Insurance: To determine your insurance costs, simply add the premiums of all policies directly related to vehicle operation. Licence, Registration and Taxes: Licence and registration fees are an annual expense. Federal and provincial taxes paid when purchasing a vehicle should also be considered annual fixed costs, pro-rated over the actual life of the vehicle. For example, if you plan on keeping your vehicle for four years, divide the total amount of tax by four to determine the yearly cost. Taxes paid on leases are paid monthly. To calculate annual leasing taxes, multiply the monthly tax by 12. Depreciation: Depreciation is the difference between what you paid for your vehicle and its eventual selling price. To determine your annual depreciation expense, subtract the estimated trade-in value of your car from the purchase price and divide by the number of years you expect to own the car. A good way to estimate trade-in value is to study used car ads. C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 9 HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR VEHICLE EXPENSES KEEPING TRACK OF YOUR OWN VEHICLE COSTS (use explanations on previous pages to help you fill in the chart) EXPENSE ITEM COST Depreciated value of your car $ Yearly insurance costs + $ Yearly taxes + $ Licence and registration fees + $ Yearly finance charges + $ = $ Total fixed costs Gas per kilometre 0.00 $ Number of kilometres driven per year x Gas cost per year = $ Maintenance (Yearly Average) + $ Tires (Yearly Average) + $ = $ 0.00 $ 0.00 0.00 Total variable costs Total fixed costs km Total variable costs + $ Miscellaneous costs (car washes, etc.) + $ = $ TOTAL DRIVING COSTS Number of kilometres driven C A N A D I A N A U T O M O B I L E A S S O C I AT I O N Driving Costs 2012 = 0.00 0 ÷ Total cost per kilometre (Total driving costs divided by kilometres driven) 0.00 km $ 10