Nội dung

Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology THIRD EDITION Editors Asim Kurjak MD PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital Zagreb, Croatia Frank A Chervenak MD PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The New York Weill Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, USA ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • Panama City • London Published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Corporate Office 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314 Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Offices in India • Ahmedabad, e-mail: ahmedabad@jaypeebrothers.com • Bengaluru, e-mail: bangalore@jaypeebrothers.com • Chennai, e-mail: chennai@jaypeebrothers.com • Delhi, e-mail: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com • Hyderabad, e-mail: hyderabad@jaypeebrothers.com • Kochi, e-mail: kochi@jaypeebrothers.com • Kolkata, e-mail: kolkata@jaypeebrothers.com • Lucknow, e-mail: lucknow@jaypeebrothers.com • Mumbai, e-mail: mumbai@jaypeebrothers.com • Nagpur, e-mail: nagpur@jaypeebrothers.com Overseas Offices • Central America Office, Panama City, Panama, Ph: 001-507-317-0160 e-mail: cservice@jphmedical.com, Website: www.jphmedical.com • Europe Office, UK, Ph: +44 (0) 2031708910 e-mail: info@jpmedpub.com Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology © 2011, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. First Edition: 2004 Second Edition: 2008 Third Edition: 2011 ISBN 978-93-5025-259-8 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed in India To Ian Donald (Our Teacher and Friend) CONTRIBUTORS Badreldeen Ahmed Head Feto-Maternal Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women’s Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha, State of Qatar María J Barco Gynecologic Centre “Bolonia” Zaragoza, Spain Romina Castagno Hospital Vall d´ Hebron Barcelona, Spain Jill Beithon Ultrasound Services Sanford Health Fargo, ND, USA Gabriele Centini Prenatal Diagnosis Unit University of Siena Siena, Italy Juan Luis Alcázar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic of Navarra School of Medicine University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain Isaac Blickstein Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kaplan Medical Center Rehovot, and Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine Jerusalem, Israel Giovanni Centini Prenatal Diagnosis Unit University of Siena Siena, Italy Tatjana Bozanovic School of Medicine Belgrade University, and Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade, Serbia Stephen T Chasen Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA Cristian Andrei Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Elias University Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest, Romania Aris Antsaklis Head 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology “Alexandra” Maternity Hospital University of Athens Medical School Athens, Greece Lluis Cabero Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain Guillermo Azumendi Pérez Clinica Gutenberg Malaga, Spain José M Carrera Senior Member Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology University Institute Dexeus Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Kazunori Baba Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University Saitama, Japan Elena Carreras Fetal Medicine Unit Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Hospital Vall d’Hebron Barcelona, Spain Silvia Arevalo Fetal Medicine Unit Hospital Vall d’Hebron Barcelona, Spain Aleksandar Cetkovic Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade, Serbia Frank A Chervenak Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA Judith L Chervenak New York University School of Medicine New York, USA Carmina Comas Gabriel Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Institute Dexeus Barcelona, Spain Antonella Cromi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical School of Insubria, Varese, Italy viii Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Vincenzo D’Addario Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Bari, Italy Luca Di Cagno Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Bari, Italy Edoardo Di Naro III Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University Medical School of Bari Bari, Italy Marko Dosen Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology University Clinical Center Maribor Maribor, Slovenia Alaa Ebrashy Director Fetal Medicine Unit Kasr El Aini Hospital Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo, Egypt A Kubilay Ertan Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Leverkusen Leverkusen, Germany Francesc Figueras Service of Fetal Medicine Clinical Institute of Gynecology Obstetrics and Neonatology University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Biserka Funduk Kurjak Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia Alessandra Giocolano Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology III Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University Medical School of Bari Bari, Italy Teresa Higueras Fetal Medicine Unit Hospital Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain Ulrich Honemeyer Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Welcare Hospital Dubai, UAE Jon Hyett Head High Risk Obstetrics RPA Women and Babies Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Central Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney, Australia Shigenori Iwagaki Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center Nagara Gifu, Japan Robin B Kalish Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA Ichiro Kawabata Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center Nagara Gifu, Japan Ashok Khurana The Ultrasound Lab New Delhi, India Sanja Kupesic Plavsic Department of Medical Education Paul L Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University El Paso, Texas, USA Asim Kurjak Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia Mario Lituania Centro di Fisiopatologia Preconcezionale e Prenatale. Ospedali Galliera Genova Genova, Italy Aleksandar Ljubic School of Medicine University of Belgrade, and Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade, Serbia Kazuo Maeda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Professor Emeritus) Tottori University Medical School Yonago, Japan Jaideep Malhotra Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home (P) Ltd Agra, India Narendra Malhotra Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home (P) Ltd Agra, India Neharika Malhotra Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home (P) Ltd Agra, India Alexandra Matias Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Porto Medical Faculty of Medicine Hospital of S João Porto, Portugal Contributors Eva Meler Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Institute Dexeus Autonomus University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Luis T Mercé CENEGO (National Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics US) and Assisted Reproduction Unit International Ruber Hospital Madrid, Spain Eberhard Merz Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Krankenhaus Nordwest Frankfurt/Main, Germany Srboljub Milicevic Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade, Serbia Berivoj Miskovic Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Zagreb, Croatia Giovanni Monni Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Microcitemico Hospital Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy Nuno Montenegro Porto Medical Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of S João Porto, Portugal Ajlana Mulic-Lutvica Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Obstetrics and Gynaecology Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Zehra Nese Kavak Director Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Marmara University Teaching and Research Hospital, Pendik Istanbul, Turkey Agnieszka Nocun Gynecology and Oncology Clinic University Hospital in Krakow Krakow, Poland Aleksandra Novakov School of Medicine University of Novi Sad Clinical Center of Vojvodina Novi Sad, Serbia Zoltán Papp Maternity Private Clinic Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary George A Partsinevelos 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Athens Medical School Athens, Greece Bhargavi Patham Department of Medical Education Paul L Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University El Paso, Texas, USA Vincenzo Pinto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bari Bari, Italy ix Ritsuko K Pooh Director CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine PMC Osaka, Japan KyongHon Pooh Department of Neurosurgery Kagawa National Children’s Hospital, Zentsuji, Japan Maja Predojevic Department of Physiology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia Luigi Raio Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland Jai Prakash Rao Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home (P) Ltd Agra, India Frederico Rocha Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of OB/GYN and Women’s Health John A Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Carlota Rodó Fetal Medicine Unit Hospital Vall d'Hebron Barcelona, Spain Armando Pintucci Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Bari Bari, Italy Lucia Rosignoli Prenatal Diagnosis Unit P Palagi Hospital Florence, Italy Branko M Plavsic Department of Radiology Paul L Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University El Paso, Texas, USA Cristina A Rossi Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Bari, Italy x Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Aida Salihagic Kadic Department of Physiology, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia Cihat en Chairman Department of Perinatology Cerrahpasa Medical School University of Istanbul Istanbul, Turkey Geeta Sharma Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, USA Kohei Shiota Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Congenital Anomaly Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan Daniel W Skupski Director Maternal-Fetal Medicine Associate Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The New York Hospital of Queens Flushing, New York, USA Jiri Sonek Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wright State University President Fetal Medicine Foundation of the United States of America Dayton, Ohio, USA Yuichiro Takahashi Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center Nagara Gifu, Japan András Tankó Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology County Hospital Kecskemét, Hungary H Alper Tanriverdi Head Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Aydin, Turkey Sakshi Tomar Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home (P) Ltd Agra, India Nuria Toran Department of Pediatric Pathology Hospital Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain Zoltán Tóth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Debrecen University Debrecen, Hungary Boris Ujevic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Zagreb, Croatia Martina Ujevic Polyclinic “Vili” Zagreb, Croatia Gino Varga Polyclinic “Nemetova” Zagreb, Croatia Oliver Vasilj Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Zagreb, Croatia Radu Vladareanu Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Elias University Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest, Romania Veljko Vlaisavljevic Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology University Clinical Center Maribor Maribor, Slovenia Marcin Wiechec Obstetrics and Perinatology Clinic University Hospital in Krakow Krakow, Poland Tevfik Yoldemir Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Marmara University Teaching and Research Hospital, Pendik Istanbul, Turkey Nadah B Zafar Department of Medical Education Paul L Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University El Paso, Texas, USA Ivica Zalud Chief, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of OB/GYN and Women’s Health John A Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Mona Zvanca Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Elias University Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest, Romania PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION The Ian Donald International School of Ultrasound bears testament to globalization in its most successful and worthwhile form. The school was founded in Dubrovnik in 1981; in the preface of the first edition in 2004 we were proud to announce that the School had grown to 8 branches. Since then, the growth has been meteoric and now consists of 55 branches in almost every corner of the globe. The reason for this success has been the tireless and selfless efforts of the world’s leading authorities in ultrasound who are willing to dedicate their valuable time without reimbursement to teach sonologists and sonographers throughout the world. Our teachers put national, religious, political, and other parochial considerations aside as they strive to improve the care of all women and fetal patients. Politicians in the countries represented by our School have much to learn from the purity of spirit that exists throughout our international family. We believe that Ian Donald is smiling down from heaven at the School that bears his name. In the educational efforts of the 55 branches of the Ian Donald School, there is clearly a need for a textbook to complement and supplement lectures and didactic sessions. The first and second textbooks were successful in this endeavor, but with the explosion of knowledge, it was clear that an expanded and updated third edition would be invaluable. For the sake of simplicity, our book is divided into three sections. Section One deals with a variety of topics that lay the foundation for the rest of the book. Section Two addresses the myriad subtopics in obstetric ultrasound that optimize the care of pregnant women and fetal patients. The last section addresses the essential role that ultrasound plays in the many dimensions of clinical gynecology. A special word of thanks to Jadranka, our tireless secretary for her hundreds of dedicated hours of quality work. We are grateful to many course directors and lecturers of the Ian Donald School who have enabled its growth and have selflessly contributed to this volume. In order to maximize the reach of this textbook by minimizing its price, all contributors have waived any honorarium or royalty. Their dedication to the dream of globalized quality ultrasound has enabled its reality. Asim Kurjak Frank A Chervenak