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Designation: C 219 – 00 Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. method of production is included only if it is inherent to the definition. 3.3 Related terms may be found in other terminology documents such as Terminology C 11, Terminology C 51, Terminology C 125, and ACI 116R. 1. Scope 1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydraulic cements, their components, characteristics, properties, and the testing thereof. Some terms may have wider application than just to hydraulic cement. 1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarily therein, including meanings that may be more restrictive than those given here, and for explanations and descriptions of terms as they apply to those standards. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Terminology addition, n—a material that is interground or blended in limited amounts into a hydraulic cement during manufacture. DISCUSSION—Two classes of additions are recognized as defined below. functional addition, n—an addition introduced to modify one or more properties of a hydraulic cement. air-entraining addition, n—a functional addition that will entrain air in mortar or concrete. processing addition, n—an addition introduced to aid in the manufacture or handling, or both, of a hydraulic cement. air-entraining addition, n—see addition; functional addition; air-entraining addition air content, n—of freshly mixed mortar the volume of air (and other gases) in mortar, expressed as a percentage of total volume of mortar. air-entraining hydraulic cement, n—a hydraulic cement containing an air-entraining addition in such amount as to cause air to be entrained in mortar within specified limits when measured by the prescribed method. alkali equivalent, n—deprecated term; see equivalent alkalies. aluminous cement, n—deprecated term. anhydrite, n—see calcium sulfate. blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. blended hydraulic cement, n—a hydraulic cement consisting of two or more inorganic constituents (at least one of which is not portland cement or portland cement clinker) which separately or in combination contribute to the strengthgaining properties of the cement, (made with or without other constituents, processing additions and functional additions, by intergrinding or other blending). calcium sulfate, n—in cement manufacture, a material composed essentially of calcium sulfate in one or more of its 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems2 C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the industry)2 C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates3 C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Natural Mineral Aggregates3 C 1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement2 C 1329 Specification for Mortar Cement2 2.2 ACI Standard: ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology4 3. Significance and Use 3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited only when they are inherent to the definition, for example portlandpozzolan cement. For ingredients and their quantity limits, if any, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for a particular cement, see the applicable specification for that cement. 3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, the 1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.91 on Editorial and Terminology. Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally published as C 219 – 48 T. Last previous edition C 219 – 99a. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. 4 American Concrete Institute, PO Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333. Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 1 C 219 unit, such as that manufactured during a single production run, offered at one time for sale, or offered at one time for inspection, or the contents of one or more transport containers drawn from one or more bins of material from a single production run, sequentially packaged from one or more bins, or a group of samples secured from one of the above. masonry cement, n—a hydraulic cement manufactured for use in mortars for masonry construction or in plasters, or both, which contains a plasticizing material and, possibly, other performance-enhancing addition(s). moist room, n—an enclosed room for storage and curing of paste, mortar, and concrete specimens in which temperature and high relative humidity can be controlled within specified limits. mortar, n—a mixture of finely divided hydraulic cementitious material, fine aggregate, and water in either the unhardened or hardened state; hydraulic mortar. mortar cement, n—a hydraulic cement manufactured for use in masonry mortar designed for specific bond and air content criteria. hydration states: anhydrite (CaSO4 ), gypsum (CaSO4 ·2H2 O), or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1⁄2H2O). cementitious material, hydraulic, n—an inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials which sets and develops strength by chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates, and which is capable of doing so underwater. cement paste, n—an unhardened or hardened mixture of finely divided hydraulic cementious material and water. early stiffening, n—rapid loss of plasticity or rapid development of rigidity in freshly mixed hydraulic cement paste, mortar, or concrete. false set, n—with little evolution of heat, which can be dispelled by further mixing without the addition of water. flash set, n—with evolution of considerable heat, which cannot be dispelled by further mixing without the addition of water. equivalent alkalies, Na2Oeq, n—in hydraulic cement, total combined sodium and potassium oxides, expressed as a percentage, calculated from the analysis, by means of the formula (Na2Oeq = % Na 2O + 0.658 3 % K2O). DISCUSSION—Mortar cement is similar to masonry cement but must meet bond strength and air content criteria. See Specification C 1329 for limitations. DISCUSSION—This term is used to indicate the levels of alkalies in a material when only Na2O and K2O are considered. The value, 0.658, is the molecular ratio of Na2O to K2O. Alkali equivalent, soda equivalent, and sodium equivalent are deprecated terms. natural cement, n—a hydraulic cement produced by calcining a naturally occurring argillaceous limestone at a temperature below the sintering point and then grinding to a fine powder. expansive hydraulic cement, n—a hydraulic cement that forms a paste when mixed with water, and increases in volume a controlled amount during the early hardening period occurring after setting. DISCUSSION—Argillaceous limestone is described in Standard C 294. normal consistency, n—a degree of plasticity of a hydrauliccement paste that is appropriate for testing as measured by a stipulated method. DISCUSSION—Expansive hydraulic cements are used to compensate for volume decrease due to shrinkage or to induce tensile stress in concrete reinforcement. DISCUSSION—The result of tests for normal consistency is reported as the mass of water required to achieve this plasticity divided by the mass of hydraulic cement, expressed as a percentage. false set—see early stiffening flash set—see early stiffening fog room, n—a moist room in which the humidity is controlled by atomization of water. gage length, n—in cement testing, the nominal length between the innermost ends of metal studs that are molded into a test specimen with the axis of the stud in each end of the test specimen coincident with the longitudinal axis of the test specimen and with each other. granulated blast-furnace slag, n—the glassy granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. gypsum, n—see calcium sulfate. hydration, n—the chemical reaction between hydraulic cement and water forming new compounds most of which have strength-producing properties. hydraulic cement, n—a cement that sets and hardens by chemical interaction with water and that is capable of doing so under water. hydraulic mortar, n—deprecated term; see mortar. length change, n—in cement testing, an increase or decrease in linear dimension due to causes other than applied load, usually measured along the longitudinal axis of a test specimen and expressed as a percentage of a gage length. lot, n—a quantity of a single material that is considered as a plastic cement, n—a hydraulic cement used in plaster or stucco. DISCUSSION—See Specification C 1328 for limitations on materials or properties pertaining to cement under that specification. portland blast-furnace slag cement, n—a hydraulic cement consisting of an intimately interground mixture of portlandcement clinker and granulated blast-furnace slag or an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement and fine granulated blast-furnace slag in which the amount of the slag constituent is within specified limits. portland cement, n—a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing portland-cement clinker, and usually containing calcium sulfate. portland-cement clinker, n—a clinker, partially fused by pyroprocessing, consisting predominantly of crystalline hydraulic calcium silicates. portland-pozzolan cement, n—a hydraulic cement consisting of an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement or portland blast-furnace slag cement and fine pozzolan produced by intergrinding portland cement clinker and pozzolan, by blending portland cement or portland blast-furnace slag cement and finely divided pozzolan, or a combination of 2 C 219 intergrinding and blending, in which the amount of the pozzolan constituent is within specified limits. pozzolan, n—a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but which will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form cementitious hydrates. slag cement, n—a hydraulic cement consisting mostly of an intimate and uniform blend of ground, granulated blast- furnace slag and, one or both of portland cement or hydrated lime, in which the amount of the slag constituent is within specified limits. stucco, n—a hydraulic cement plaster containing fine aggregate, used for coating exterior surfaces. 5. Keywords 5.1 cement terminology; definitions; hydraulic cement terminology; terminology; terms This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 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