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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 03 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.226 Combining Ability Studies in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) D. Ramaraju1*, A. B. Rajguru2, T. D. Katore1 and H. J. Rajput3 1 College of Agriculture, Pune, India Plant Physiology, ZARS, Solapur, India 3 Agriculture Botany, College of Agriculture, Pune, India 2 *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Combining ability, GCA, SCA effect Article Info Accepted: 15 February 2021 Available Online: 10 March 2021 The present investigation entitled “Combining Ability Studies in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was undertaken with objective to estimate the gca and sca effect for seed yield and its components in sunflower. The experiment material under study consisted of four CMS lines and eight restorer lines, crossed in LxT model to produce 32 hybrids during Summer- 2017-18. The experiment material were evaluated for 10 observations in sunflower viz., day to 50 percent flowering, day to maturity, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), seed filling percentage (%), 100 seed weight (g), volume weight (g/100ml), hull content (%), seed yield per plant (g) and oil content (%). Among the parent CMS-343 was good general combiner for early flowering, days to maturity, volume weight, hull content and oil content followed by CMS-62 and CMS-89-1 for seed yield contributing characters. Among the male parents PSMOO-108 was good general combiner for plant height, seed yield per plant, early flowering, early maturity and 100 seed weight followed by NSH-312, MRHA-2 and CSFR-99. Based on the sca effect of the hybrids, CMS-89-1 x NSH-312 was found promising for early flowering, early maturity while CMS-343 x PSMOO-108 were found for volume weight, early flowering, early days to maturity. The cross CMS- 62 x CSFR-99 for volume weight and 100 seed weight while CMS-62 x PSCIM-165 and CMS-234 x PSFRMM-140 for early maturity, early flowering. These crosses showed the highest sca effects for different characters. Introduction The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) an important oil seed crop is a large annual crop for its edible oil and edible fruits. The plant was first domesticated in America but it is extensively grown in Russia, Argentina, France, Spain, USA, China and India. It has taken prime position in the oilseed economy both at global and national level. It is rich source of edible oil (40 to 45%) and is considered as good quality oil from health point of view, due to high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (55 to 60% linoleic acid, 25 to 30% oleic acid), which are known to reduce the risk of coronary disease by reducing the cholesterol in blood plasma. The importance of sunflower as an oilseed crop in India is of very recent origin and dates back to four decades. 1810 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 A landmark in hybrid sunflower breeding was the discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility by Leclereq (1969) and the restorer genes in wild types and obsolete sunflower cultivars. In India, heterosis breeding was initiated in early seventies (Sindagi et al., 1976). Seetharam (1977) observed substantial heterosis over better parent for yield and yield components in crosses involving CMS lines and restorers. Combining ability analysis provides information on nature and magnitude of gene effects on yield and yield contributing character (Sprauge and Tatum, 1942) Keeping this background information in mind the present investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of combining ability in relation to genetic diversity of four CMS and eight fertility restorer lines by employing line × tester analysis. Materials and Methods The present study on combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was conducted during kharif-2018 at Agriculture Botany Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune. The crossing programme was carried out during Summer-2017-18. The experimental material for study include 4 CMS lines (CMS234, CMS-62, CMS-89-1, CMS-343) and 8 restorer lines (NSH-312, PSCIM-165, PSMOO-108, PSFRMM-140, MRHA-2, AKSF-345, AKSF-12, CSFR-99) to produce 32 hybrids along with 2 checks (Phule Raviraj and MDSFH-411) in RBD design (Panse and Sukhatme, 1967) and combining ability testing procedure based on Kempthorne (1957). Results and Discussion The combining ability is the ability of the parent to transfer its superiority to it’s off spring and is two types i.e. GCA and SCA. The parents were classified as good, average and poor combiner based on estimates of general combining ability effects. Summarized account of gca and sca effects of parents and crosses for different characters has been worked out. None of the parental line was good combiner for all the studied traits. General and specific combining ability effects help to select the good parent and hybrids, respectively. The gca effects of 12 parents (4 CMS lines and 8 testers) for 10 traits indicated that the CMS-343 was good general combiner for early flowering (-1.948), days to maturity (-1.833), volume weight (1.392), hull content (-0.749) and oil content (1.057). CMS-62 was good combiner for early flowering (-0.781), days to maturity (-0.833), volume weight (1.900) and hull content (0.799). The line CMS-89-1 was good general combiner for seed yield per plant (2.398), head diameter (0.840) and 100-seed weight (0.207). Among the testers PSMOO-108 showed good general combiner for plant height (-4.350), seed yield per plant (2.353), early flowering (0.656), early maturity (-0.417) and 100 seed weight (0.248). The restorer line NSH-312 was good general combiner for plant height (5.733), early maturity (-2.250), early flowering (-1.990) and head diameter (0.915) while MRHA-2 found good general combiner for plant height (-3.217), early maturity (1.167) and early flowering (-1.073). Restorer CSFR-99 was good general combiner for head diameter (1.965), 100 seed weight (0.058), and hull content (-0.152) while PSFRMM-140 registered good general combiner only for 100 seed weight (0.124) and hull content (-1.824). The restorer line AKSF-345 showed high gca effect for head diameter (1.365), oil content (0.928) and hull content (-0.101). Similar findings and were reported by Ortegonn and Escoed (1993), Sindagi et al., (1976), Kadkol et al., (1984), 1811 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 Gangappa et al., (1997), Bhat and Singh (2000), Radhika et al., (2001), Shinde et al., (2016), Ingle et al., (2017), Singh et al., (2018) (Table 1–3). Table.1 Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effect in sunflower lines for ten characters Characters CMS-234 CMS- 62 CMS-343 CMS-89-1 CD @ 5% Days to 50 % flowering 0.969* -0.781** -1.948** 1.760** 0.797 Days to maturity 1.00* -0.833** -1.833** 1.667** 0.819 Plant height -11.508** 3.908 0.833 6.767 4.023 Head diameter (cm) -0.069** -0.177** -0.594** 0.840** 0.4734 Seed filling (%) -0.408** -0.791** 1.036 0.164 1.999 100 Seed weight -0.033** -0.157** -0.017** 0.207** 0.119 Volume weight(g/100ml) -2.285** 1.900** 1.392* -1.008** 1.007 Hull content (%) 0.531* -0.799** -0.749** 1.017** 0.691 Seed yield / plant -0.796** -2.598** 0.996 2.398** 1.046 Oil content (%) 0.970** -0.880** 1.057** -1.147** 0.621 ** and* indicates significant at 1% and 5%, respectively Table.2 Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects in sunflower testers for ten characters Characters Days to 50% flowering NSH312 -1.990** PSCIM165 PSMOO108 PSFRMM140 MRHA-2 AKSF345 AKSF12 CSFR99 CD @ 5% 0.260 -0.656** 1.510* -1.073** 1.344* 0.177 0.427 1.727 Days to maturity -2.250** 0.333 -0.417** 1.500* -1.167** 1.333 0.333 0.333 1.158 Plant height -5.733** 0.833 -4.350** -0.217** -3.217** 4.683 6.283 1.717 5.689 Head diameter (cm) 0.915** -0.469** -1.669** -1.902** -0.919** 1.365** 0.715* 1.965** 0.669 Seed filling (%) 0.860 0.341 1.415 -1.173** 1.099 -1.710** -0.269** -0.564** 2.828 100 Seed weight -0.118** 0.042* 0.248** 0.124** -0.253** -0.051** -0.052** 0.058** 0.169 Volume weight(g/100ml) -0.743** -0.819** -0.079** 1.247 -1.143** 1.032 1.295 -0.789** 1.425 Hull content (%) -0.288** 1.738** 0.183 -1.824** 0.523 -0.101** 0.919 -0.152** 0.971 Seed yield / plant -0.541** 0.989 2.353* 1.385 -2.634** 0.873 -1.699** -0.725** 1.479 0.328 0.928* -0.164** -1.322** -0.030** -0.005** Oil content (%) ** and* indicates significant at 1% and 5%, respectively 1812 0.520 -0.255** 0.878 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 Table.3 Estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) effects in sunflower crosses for ten characters Sr. No. Characters Days to 50% Flowering Days to maturity Plant Height (cm) Head Diameter (cm) 1 CMS-234 xNSH-312 1.781 1.667 -0.225 -0.631 Seed 100 Volume Hull Seed yield/ Filling Seed Weight Content Plant(g) (%) Weight (g/100ml) (%) (g) -2.495 0.428* 0.695 -1.823 -1.712 Oil Content (%) 2 CMS-234xPSCIM165 1.198 1.083 -8.792 0.352 1.520 0.214 -0.645 -0.400 -1.812 -0.103 3 CMS-234 x PSMOO-108 -1.885 -1.500 -1.275 1.019 1.513 -0.062 0.941 -1.305 2.174 0.805 4 CMS-234 x PSFRMM- -2.719* -3.083** -5.275 0.919 -1.753 0.282 -0.831 -0.401 4.232** 0.914 -0.661 140 5 CMS-234 x MRHA-2 -1.135 -0.750 8.525 0.469 1.009 -0.768** -1.645 5.062** 0.992 0.180 6 CMS-234 x AKSF-345 2.115 1.750 -3.908 -0.615 0.484 0.124 2.130 1.826 1.157 1.547 7 CMS-234 x AKSF-12 0.281 0.417 7.758 -1.365* -0.283 -0.122 0.004 -2.901** -1.674 -2.478** 8 CMS-234 x CSFR-99 0.365 0.417 3.192 -0.148 0.005 -0.095 -0.649 -0.060 -3.358* -0.203 9 CMS-62 x NSH-312 0.865 0.833 0.692 -1.390* 0.048 -0.558** 1.370 5.860 1.841 0.189 10 CMS-62 x PSCIM-165 -2.719* -2.750* 3.992 0.127 0.460 0.067 -1.820 2.100* 1.914 1.147 11 CMS-62 x PSMOO-108 3.865** 4.000** -3.292 1.927** -2.785 0.475** -5.297** -1.228 -2.247 -0.145 12 CMS-62 x PSFRMM-140 -0.635 -0.250 4.508 0.694 -1.096 -0.498** 0.464 1.899 -3.218* 0.197 13 CMS-62 x MRHA-2 -0.719 -0.583 5.042 1.177 0.609 -0.301 2.934* -1.698 0.724 -0.203 14 CMS-62 x AKSF-345 -0.135 0.250 -1.392 -1.106 1.407 0.041 -3.268* -2.274* -1.927 -0.570 15 CMS-62 x AKSF-12 -0.969 -1.750 3.075 -1.056 2.850 0.438* 2.172 -3.218 2.562 -0.028 1813 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 Sr. No. Characters 16 CMS-62 x CSFR-99 Days to 50% Flowering 0.448 Days to maturity 0.250 Plant Height (cm) -6.625 Head Diameter (cm) -0.373 Seed Filling (%) -1.192 100 Seed Weight (g) 0.342* Volume Weight (g/100ml) 3.446* Hull Content (%) -1.440 Seed Yield/ Plant(g) 0.352 Oil Content (%) -0.586 17 CMS-343 x NSH-312 0.365 0.167 9.567 1.160 -2.192 0.302 -2.059 -2.187* 0.104 0.484 18 CMS-343 X PSCIM-165 -0.885 -1.083 3.067 -1.056 -6.044* -0.165 1.651 -0.201 0.524 -0.724 19 CMS-343 x PSMOO-108 -2.635* -2.333* -5.350 -1.656* 2.198 -0.341* 4.765** -1.282 -1.477 0.184 20 CMS-343 x PSFRMM-140 3.865** 4.083** -6.883 -1.090 5.190 -0.297 1.802 0.079 -0.639 -1.274 21 CMS-343 x MRHA-2 -0.219 -0.583 -15.883** -0.873 -0.168 0.553** -1.465 -0.702 -1.953 1.093 22 CMS-343 x AKSF-345 -1.635 -1.750 3.883 0.510 -0.367 0.018 0.694 2.482 0.593 -8.807 23 CMS-343 x AKSF-12 2.198 2.250 -0.783 1.760* 1.812 -0.335 0.057 1.505 2.618 1.168 24 CMS-343 x CSFR-99 -1.052 -0.750 12.383* 1.244 -0.492 0.265 -5.445** 0.306 0.231 -0.124 25 CMS-89-1 x NSH- 312 -3.010** -2.667* -10.033 0.860 4.576 -0.172 -0.005 -1.850 -0.233 -0.011 26 CMS-89-1 x PSCIM-165 2.406* 2.750* 1.733 0.577 4.065 -0.109 0.815 -1.500 -0.626 -0.320 27 CMS-89-1 x PSMOO-108 0.656 -0.167 9.917 -1.290 -0.926 -0.072 -0.409 3.815 1.550 -0.845 28 CMS-89-1 x PSFRMM-140 -0.510 -0.750 7.650 -0.523 -2.341 0.513** -1.435 -1.577 -0.375 0.164 29 CMS-89-1 x MRHA-2 2.073 1.919 2.312 -0.773 -1.450 0.516** 0.175 -2.661 0.237 -1.070 30 CMS-89-1 xAKSF-345 -0.344 -0.250 7.417 1.210 -1.525 -0.183 0.444 -2.034 0.177 -0.170 31 CMS-89-1 x AKSF-12 -1.510 -0.912 -10.050 0.660 -4.379 0.018 -2.233 4.613 -3.505* 1.339 32 CMS-89-1 x CSFR-99 0.240 0.083 -8.950 -0.723 1.980 -0.512** 2.648 1.194 2.775 0.194 CD @ 5% 2.255 2.317 11.377 1.339 5.656 0.339 2.849 1.954 2.959 1.756 1814 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(03): 1810-1816 The sca effect of the hybrids CMS-89-1 x NSH-312 were found promising for early flowering (-3.010) and early maturity (-2.667) while CMS-343 x PSMOO-108 for volume weight (4.765), early flowering (-2635) and days to maturity (-2.333). 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Determining Combining Ability in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci (2018) 7(5): 22902305. Vishwanath, K.S., (2003). Evaluation of hybrids synthesized from elite CMS lines and restorer for their value in crop improvement in sunflower {Helianthus annuus L.). M. Sc (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci. Bangalore (India). How to cite this article: Ramaraju, D., A. B. Rajguru, T. D. Katore and Rajput, H. J. 2021. Combining Ability Studies in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(03): 1810-1816. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1003.226 1816