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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM TP HỒ CHÍ MINH HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE KHOA HỌC GIÁO DỤC EDUCATION SCIENCE ISSN: 1859-3100 Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 Vol. 15, No. 7 (2018): 5-21 Email: tapchikhoahoc@hcmue.edu.vn; Website: http://tckh.hcmue.edu.vn BUILDING AND ORGANIZING TEACHING STEM TOPIC “THE POTENTIAL ENERGY VEHICLE” Nguyen Thanh Nga1*, Hoang Phuoc Muoi2, Nguyen Y Phung2, Ton Ngoc Tam2 1 Ho Chi Minh City University of Education 2 Hoa Sen High School Received: 12/7/2018; Revised: 23/7/2018; Accepted: 25/7/2018 ABSTRACT The contest on the potential energy vehicles has been held by Ho Chi Minh City Department of Education and Training annually is participated by many high schools. Aim of the competition is to help students use scientific knowledge of kinetic energy, potential energy, dynamic variation, etc., combining the use of technology, engineering and mathematics to design vehicles running long distances maximum with fixed time and initial height, size and volume of vehicles in accordance with regulations of organizers. However, dynamometer design is only made by a small number of students. The article guides the construction and teaching of the STEM theme vehicle to help teachers to teach all students, promotes positive thinking and help students apply knowledge into practice. Keywords: potential energy, potential energy vehicle, apply knowledge into practice. TÓM TẮT Xây dựng và tổ chức dạy học chủ đề STEM “xe thế năng” Cuộc thi xe thế năng do Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo TP Hồ Chí Minh tổ chức hằng năm được đông đảo các trường phổ thông hưởng ứng tham gia. Cuộc thi nhằm giúp học sinh vân dụng kiến thức khoa học về động năng, thế năng, biến thiên cơ năng… kết hợp sử dụng kĩ thuật, công nghệ và toán học để thiết kế chiếc xe chạy với quãng đường dài nhất trong khoảng thời gian và độ cao ban đầu cho trước, với kích thước và khối lượng xe phù hợp với quy định của ban tổ chức. Tuy nhiên, việc thế kế xe thế năng chỉ được thực hiện bởi một số ít học sinh. Bài báo hướng dẫn xây dựng và tổ chức dạy học chủ đề STEM xe thế năng nhằm giúp giáo viên có thể dạy cho tất cả học sinh, phát huy tính tích cực và giúp học sinh vận dụng kiến thức vào thực tiễn. Từ khóa: thế năng, xe thế năng, vận dụng kiến thức vào thực tiễn. 1. Introduction Facing the change of the times, Vietnam's education has been transformed with special attention to STEM education. Education authorities and educational organizations have organized many STEM activities such as: STEM festivals, water rocket contests, robot contests, Olympic 30/4 STEM education courses, etc. These activities have created a * Email: nganthanh@hcmue.edu.vn 5 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 strong effect both inside and outside schools. Especially, application of STEM - potential energy vehicle, in the context of the Olympic competition 30/4 expansion Ho Chi Minh City, is an opportunity to show skills, exchange, learn, and develop STEM capacity. Actually, it is a push for schools to adopt STEM education into their curriculum. However, this activity is not approaching each class, each student. Researches on the application of potential energy vehicle to teaching have not been published. Therefore, this study aims to develop and organize teaching of STEM topic - the potential energy vehicle, in order to develop capacity of students, especially STEM capacity. 2. Content 2.1. The potential energy vehicle The potential energy vehicle is a toy, the original energy powered provided by a tilted plane that does not use any other source of energy. The potential energy vehicle is designed so that vehicles can go the longest distance and in a straight line. Generally, the potential energy vehicle is placed on top of a tilt plane, rolled down the slope and continued to move on the horizontal plane (Figure 1). The result is calculated as the distance from the base of the plane to the location of the stopping the potential energy vehicle. If the potential energy vehicle is off the boundary of the runway (Figure 2), the result as the distance from the base of the plane tilt to the position of the vehicle out off the boundary. Figure 1. Set the vehicle on the tilt plane Figure 2. Running track of the potential energy vehicle 2.2. Building the STEM topic “the potential energy vehicle" 2.2.1. Problem reality STEM application contest- the potential energy vehicle is a part in the April 30th Olympic Games Open Ho Chi Minh. In this contest, "Students are based on the application of knowledge, skills in mathematics, science, technology and technology, students explore and experiment to design, manufacture in accordance a car what has ability to move furthest away"( Ho Chi Minh City Department of Education and Training, 2018). It sets requirements for high school selection and fostering team competition. However, most students do not know STEM, the potential energy vehicle. Students are not equipped with the basic knowledge of science, mathematics, technology and basic machining skills. Therefore, research on potential energy vehicles is essential and meaningful. 6 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thanh Nga et al. 2.2.2. Ideas topic The potential energy vehicles have many designs ranging from simple to complex, depending on the material. This abundance is the basis organizing STEM activities about the potential energy vehicles such as: pattern or design, make oriented or self-design, self-make. Figure 3. Diagram ideas the potential energy vehicles STEM topic 2.2.3. The objective to develop STEM capacity Science (S): application of knowledge of energy, gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, energy variable theorem, law of conservation of power, friction force for analysis motion of the potential energy vehicles. Mathematics (M): Analyze the dependence of gravitational potential on the mass and position of the potential energy vehicle, calculates the maximum speed and potential energy stored in the vehicle. Technology (T) – engineering (E): work with the engine configuration drawing; read the configuration of the vehicle, create the potential energy from many material, work with basic material optimal. For the direction of the development Technology (T) - engineering (E) capacity, it is depended on activity of the way of per the potential energy vehicle. Corporeality: Activity: build a potential energy vehicle from material available Technology (T): the use of available details such as mica disk wheels, bearings as bearings, etc and machining equipment such as wrench to tighten the nut, screw machine to catch screws on the chassis, use a 10-wrench, screwdriver (or screwdriver) to assemble the vehicle. Engineering (E): read the assembly instructions for the car; assembly of the car from the available details; draw the structure of the car; Measures the parameters of the available details. 7 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 Activity: build a potential energy vehicle from cardboard Technology (T): analyzes the nature of cardboard, show how to work cardboard and how to use cardboard with scissors and paper knife, use of equipment such as technical compass, angle meter, tape measure, use glue gun to match the details made from cardboard. Engineering (E): draw a schematic design of the potential energy vehicle from cardboard, to build the potential energy vehicle from the cardboard. Activity: design, make a potential energy vehicle Technology (T): select and search for materials and equipment for the development of the potential energy vehicle, use or find the solution to work the details of the potential energy vehicle. Engineering (E): outline the design of the vehicle; make the potential energy vehicle, write a guide to fabricate and use the vehicle. 2.2.4. Design process of teaching organization Table 1. Main process of teaching organization about the potential energy vehicle Unit Organization form The potential energy vehicle assembled products Work in group assembly practice The potential energy vehicle from cardboard Work in group manufacture practices The potential energy vehicle Project based learning Duration Task 45 min Determine the parameters of the details; assembly vehicles according to the document, operate and determine the speed of the potential energy vehicle at the foot of the slope. 150 min Design drawing of the car; Manufacture of potential energy vehicle from cardboard; operate and determine the farthest distance of the potential energy vehicle. 3 weeks Design of technical drawing of the potential energy vehicle, search material, search equipment, make the potential energy vehicle, make a PowerPoint presentation about the potential energy vehicle, write document about use guide. 8 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thanh Nga et al. The process of teaching " the potential energy vehicle - Assembled Products" Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of the potential energy vehicle assembled Illustration Smax 35,5 m Figure 4. The potential energy vehicle 1 33,5 m Advantages Disadvantages Optimized high technical design; easy to assemble; short assembly time; pretty; move far; less deflected; simple car tuning; disassembled and assembled multiple times; highly secure in assembly. High cost; many details are processed so students are not allowed to do the fabrication. Highly technical design; easy to assemble, relatively short assembly time; move far; affordability; disassembled and assembled multiple times; highly secure in assembly. Vehicles are still deflected, car calibration process is relatively difficult, the operation of inserting silver bullets into mica disk is relatively timeconsuming and difficult to correct, the vehicles mass is relatively large. Figure 5. The potential energy vehicle 2 We make the potential energy vehicle in Figure 4, follows: Preparing Figure 6. Tools and equipments manufacturing the potentail energy vehicle Detailed sets are available: four ball bearing (in = 6 mm, out = 14 mm), 4 mica disk (in = 6 mm, out = 160 mm), two inox axis steel toothed teeth ( = 6 mm), four nut (in = 6 mm), four pin ball bearing (in = 14 mm), four clamb wheel (toothed shaft = 6 mm, out = 16 mm), wood (25 cm x to 35 cm), eight screws (l = 20 mm), one round iron. Machine tools: one screwdriver (or screwdriver), one pliers, two wrenches 10, one pair ruler, one tape measure. 9 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 Learning tasks STEM activity:……..……Team:……………Class…………..….Time………..……. Activity 1. Determine the parameters To measure the inner diameter and outer diameter, we use .... Mica disk has inner diameter in =…… outer diameter out=……in order to…, ball bearing has inner diameter in =……, outer diameter out=……… in order to………, clamp wheel with tooth diameter  =…, outer diameter out=……in order to…… Activity 2. Assembling and operating a potential energy vehicle 1. Let’s draw the configuration map a potential energy vehicle. 2. Let’s analyze the energy change when the potential energy vehicle was rolled down. 3. What is the distance of the longest moving vehicle? 4. Which factor is most affect the results of the potential energy vehicle? Activity 1. Determine the parameters details Teacher activities Student activities Give tasks to students: Use a pair ruler, tape measure to Get tasks measure the specifications of the details. Please describe their uses. → complete activity 1 in the Learning tasks Provide equipment, details and instructional document Get equipment. Measure the to students. specifications of the details → write them in A0 paper → complete activity 1 in the Learning tasks Organize what students report coordinators and conclusions. result, teacher group presentation Activity 2. Assembling and operating a potential energy vehicle Teacher activities Student activities Assistant of the teacher conducts the assembly of the Observation model potential energy vehicle, explains how to work and pair the details. Organize team work: draw the configuration map Read instructional document → and assembly a potential energy vehicle. assembly a potential energy vehicle, draw the configuration map in A0 paper. Observation and help students 10 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thanh Nga et al. Activity 3. Operate the potential energy vehicle and determine the speed of vehicle at the foot of the slope Teacher activities Student activities Require each team in turn drop the potential energy Each team in turn drop the potential vehicle from the top of the trough. energy vehicle, Observe the motion of the vehicle. Organize to team calibration of the couplings of the Analyze the factors affecting the potential energy car, complete activity 2 in the outcome of the car, proceed to correct Learning tasks the position of pairing → improve the achievement. Organize to team to collect data on slant trough, Record data, complete the practice report distance traveled. at home. Organize to team disassemble the potential energy Disassemble the details of the potential vehicle, pay equipment, details of the vehicle energy vehicle. Inspection of equipment, details → Hand over to teacher. The process of teaching " The potential energy vehicle from the cardboard " Table 3. Advantages and disadvantages of the potential energy vehicle from the carboard Illustration Smax 9,5 m Figure 7. The potential energy vehicle from the cardboard Advantages Disadvantages Low cost; easy to find materials, easy to work with the manipulation of paper knife and scissors; simple design; easy to make. Easily deformed; Small volume should be easily affected by wind; great friction; short travel distance; easily deflected; difficult to adjust the car; structure uncertain; high durability; non-reusable; Possible risk of injury when students use paper knife, glue gun. Based on the process of organizing STEM educational experiences in high school by Nguyen Thanh Nga and Hoang Phuoc Muoi (2018), we have built the process of teaching "The potential energy vehicle from cardboard” is as follows: Preparing 11 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 Materials: cardboard, 2 straws, 2 skewers. Processing equipment: 1 scissors, 1 technical paper, paper knives, roll ruler, glue gun and glue. Technical drawing drawing tools: pencil, A0 paper. Learning Figure 8. Materials and equipment for the make the tasks potential energy vehicle from cardboard LEARNING TASKS STEM activity: ...................................................................................................................... Team:…………………………………Class……………..Date…………. Activity 1. Analyzes the nature of cardboard Advantages:........................................................................................................................... Disadvantages: ...................................................................................................................... Processing plan: .................................................................................................................... Activity 2. Drawing design of the potential energy vehicle from cardboard Drawing design ..................................................................................................................... Alysis disadvantages ............................................................................................................. Activity 3. Operation and analysis of motion process Achievement of the potential energy vehicle ........................................................................ Advantages of the potential energy vehicle .......................................................................... Disadvantages of the potential energy vehicle ...................................................................... Analysis of motion process ................................................................................................... Activity 1. Analyzes the nature of cardboard and processing cardboard Teacher activities Student activities Ask team work: Give the student cardboard. Ask Team work: get cardboard, observation → the students to analyze the characteristics of the analysis → show how cardboard work cardboard cover, highlighting its advantages and with paper knife and scissors. disadvantages. Analysis of cardboard processing. Ask student report the results of analysis. Teachers Student representatives report the results. conclude. 12 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thanh Nga et al. Activity 2. Drawing design of the potential energy vehicle from cardboard Teacher activities Student activities Ask team work: Give student pencils and A0 Team work: Get the pencil and A0 paper → paper →ask student complete the technical Discuss design ideas → sketches into technical drawing of the potential energy vehicle from drawings. cardboard Organization report technical drawings and Representatives of groups → Discussion ask students to show the method of processing groups, pointing out the advantages and the corresponding details from the cardboard. disadvantages of the design drawings → Teachers and students ask and answer Clarify how to process details such as chassis, wheels from cardboard → Exchanging, questions, comments after each presentation. clarifying and improving draw design drawings. Activity 3. Make the potential energy vehicle Teacher activities Student activities Request students to repeat the regulations on safety in manufacturing → give equipment and materials for the make the potential energy vehicle of energy to students. Repeat the regulations on safety in manufacturing → give equipment and materials for the make the potential energy vehicle of energy to students. Ask team work: make make the potential energy vehicle from cardboard, measuring the parameters of the size of the car. Observe, make sure the groups comply with the safety regulations, support needed when students have difficulty. Team work: assembly of components from cardboard → assembly of components into the potential energy vehicle → measurement of size parameters → commissioning operation → repair and improvement Ask students to check equipment, materials and Check equipment, materials and hand over to hand over to teachers. teachers. Activity 4. Organization competition " the potential energy vehicle " and parsing results Teacher activities Student activities Ask the students to help prepare the track and The student representative prepare the track the tilt plane. and the tilt plane with teacher. Show of the rules of the competition (similar to Listen and discuss, clarify the rules of the the rules apply to STEM application test - competition. Olympic 30/4 ). Organization competition "The potential energy Represent the groups to drop their the vehicle" potential energy vehicle 1 times → drop 13 TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC - Trường ĐHSP TPHCM Tập 15, Số 7 (2018): 5-21 vehicle 2 times → drop vehicle 3 times → recorded the highest results. Show results organization reports the results of making and operating the potential energy vehicle from cardboard → discussion → conclusions about the potential energy vehicle from cardboard. Representatives of students report the results of manufacturing and operation → show the adventages and disadventages of the potential energy vehicle from cardboard → indicate Conclusion on: principles of operation, technical the notes when processing, manufacturing → analysis of the movement of the potential measures to pay attention. energy vehicle from the top of the tilt plane until it stops. Plan project teaching “The potential energy vehicle" Based on the process organizing project based learning (Nguyen Thanh Nga et al., 2018), we develop the process organizing project based learning “The potential energy vehicle"as follows: Stage Duration Tasks 1. Introduce the project: the project of the potential energy vehicle to select products and groups of students who are capable, passionate to participate in the 30/4 Olympic competition in Ho Chi Minh City, applying STEM -The potential energy vehicle. Prepare project 2. Identify the products of the project: The potential energy vehicle PowerPoint, presentation about the potential energy Day 1 (2 vehicle, the guide document fabricate and use the the lessons) potential energy vehicle. 3. Determine the form of assessment: Assessment based on the results of the potential energy vehicle, the powerpoint report and the final test. 4. Determine the support plan: meet the teacher, use social network such as Facebook or Zalo channel. Students can borrow and use equipment from STEM classrooms. Project 1. Teachers work in groups, project planning, assign tasks planning to students in groups → Students work in groups to and complete the plan and approve the project plan. design Day 2 (2 direction 2. Lecturers design ideas for A0 paper. → Organize Perform lessons) of the discussions and suggestions to improve the idea of project potential designing potential vehicles. → Suggest the purchase of energy materials and equipment necessary. vehicle Deploy 2 next Students will follow the plan: find information from books, 14