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Register for Free Membership to solutions@syngress.com Over the last few years, Syngress has published many bestselling and critically acclaimed books, including Tom Shinder’s Configuring ISA Server 2000, Brian Caswell and Jay Beale’s Snort 2.0 Intrusion Detection, and Angela Orebaugh and Gilbert Ramirez’s Ethereal Packet Sniffing. One of the reasons for the success of these books has been our unique solutions@syngress.com program. Through this site, we’ve been able to provide readers a real time extension to the printed book. As a registered owner of this book, you will qualify for free access to our members-only solutions@syngress.com program. Once you have registered, you will enjoy several benefits, including: ■ Four downloadable e-booklets on topics related to the book. Each booklet is approximately 20-30 pages in Adobe PDF format. 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And be sure to let us know if there is anything else we can do to make your job easier. Application Defense www.applicationdefense.com Application Defense Specials ■ Free Software with Purchase of Application Security Services Program ■ $1,000 Enterprise Language Special Until February 2005 with Proof of Purchase of Ultimate DeskRef. Business Benefits ■ Application Defense Developer Edition, strives to educate individual developers on proper secure programming techniques during the development cycle, thereby saving thousands in post-development consulting ■ Developmental education approach on secure development strengthens your business at the core, its people ■ Executive-level reporting allows your development team to visually depict trending improvements, vulnerability remediation, and high-risk segments of code ■ Distributed Software Architecture permits development teams to review their code centrally by a QA or Auditing team or individually by the developers ■ Industry-best multi-language support permits organizations to manage all their software development needs with one application Application Defense Technology Features: ■ Industry leading analysis engine can parse and examine entire software code base in under a minute ■ Executive, technical, and trending reports allow information to be displayed for all audiences ■ Flexible XML output allows easy integration with other enterprise applications ■ Unique IDE allows you to update results in real-time or in batches to code base – no need to recreate code in multiple locations! ■ Custom developer code is analyzed by proprietary artificial intelligence engine ■ Project file storage allows developers to save analysis results for later review or to save for continued analysis ■ Real-time bug tracking system ■ Interactive software interface allows developers to make security decisions during analysis ■ Able to input Visual Studio Project files ■ Customizable reports allow you to specify company name, application, auditor, and more… Buffer Overflow Attacks D E T E C T, E X P L O I T, P R E V E N T James C. Foster Vitaly Osipov Nish Bhalla Niels Heinen FOREWORD BY DAVE AITEL FOUNDER AND CEO IMMUNITY, INC. Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY.You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. In no event will Makers be liable to you for damages, including any loss of profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out from the Work or its contents. Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. You should always use reasonable care, including backup and other appropriate precautions, when working with computers, networks, data, and files. Syngress Media®, Syngress®, “Career Advancement Through Skill Enhancement®,” “Ask the Author UPDATE®,” and “Hack Proofing®,” are registered trademarks of Syngress Publishing, Inc. “Syngress:The Definition of a Serious Security Library”™, “Mission Critical™,” and “The Only Way to Stop a Hacker is to Think Like One™” are trademarks of Syngress Publishing, Inc. Brands and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective companies. KEY 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 SERIAL NUMBER HJIRTCV764 PO9873D5FG 829KM8NJH2 HJBC43288N CVPLQ6WQ23 VBP965T5T5 HJJJ863WD3E 2987GVTWMK 629MP5SDJT IMWQ295T6T PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland, MA 02370 Buffer Overflow Attacks: Detect, Exploit, Prevent Copyright © 2005 by Syngress Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN: 1-932266-67-4 Publisher: Andrew Williams Acquisitions Editor: Jaime Quigley Technical Editor: James C. Foster Cover Designer: Michael Kavish Page Layout and Art: Patricia Lupien Copy Editor: Mike McGee Indexer: Richard Carlson Acknowledgments Syngress would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Syngress books are now distributed in the United States and Canada by O’Reilly Media, Inc.The enthusiasm and work ethic at O’Reilly is incredible and we would like to thank everyone there for their time and efforts to bring Syngress books to market:Tim O’Reilly, Laura Baldwin, Mark Brokering, Mike Leonard, Donna Selenko, Bonnie Sheehan, Cindy Davis, Grant Kikkert, Opol Matsutaro, Steve Hazelwood, Mark Wilson, Rick Brown, Leslie Becker, Jill Lothrop,Tim Hinton, Kyle Hart, Sara Winge, C. J. Rayhill, Peter Pardo, Leslie Crandell, Valerie Dow, Regina Aggio, Pascal Honscher, Preston Paull, Susan Thompson, Bruce Stewart, Laura Schmier, Sue Willing, Mark Jacobsen, Betsy Waliszewski, Dawn Mann, Kathryn Barrett, John Chodacki, Rob Bullington, and Aileen Berg. The incredibly hard working team at Elsevier Science, including Jonathan Bunkell, Ian Seager, Duncan Enright, David Burton, Rosanna Ramacciotti, Robert Fairbrother, Miguel Sanchez, Klaus Beran, Emma Wyatt, Rosie Moss, Chris Hossack, Mark Hunt, and Krista Leppiko, for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. David Buckland, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim, Audrey Gan, Pang Ai Hua, and Joseph Chan of STP Distributors for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. David Scott,Tricia Wilden, Marilla Burgess, Annette Scott, Andrew Swaffer, Stephen O’Donoghue, Bec Lowe, and Mark Langley of Woodslane for distributing our books throughout Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji Tonga, Solomon Islands, and the Cook Islands. Winston Lim of Global Publishing for his help and support with distribution of Syngress books in the Philippines. v For the men and woman who proudly “serve in silence,” dedicating their lives to Mission, Workmate, and Country. Lead Author James C. Foster, Fellow, is the Deputy Director of Global Security Solution Development for Computer Sciences Corporation. Foster is responsible for directing and managing the vision, technology, and operational design of all security services within CSC. Prior to joining CSC, Foster was the Director of Research and Development for Foundstone Inc., and was responsible for all aspects of product, consulting, and corporate R&D initiatives. Prior to joining Foundstone, Foster was a Senior Advisor and Research Scientist with Guardent Inc., and an editor at Information Security Magazine, subsequent to working as an Information Security and Research Specialist for the Department of Defense. Foster’s core competencies include high-tech management, international software development and expansion, web-based application security, cryptography, protocol analysis, and search algorithm technology. Foster has conducted numerous code reviews for commercial OS components, Win32 application assessments, and reviews of commercial and government cryptography implementations. Foster is a seasoned speaker and has presented throughout North America at conferences, technology forums, security summits, and research symposiums, including the Microsoft Security Summit, BlackHat, MIT Wireless Research Forum, SANS, MilCon,TechGov, InfoSec World 2001, and the Thomson Security Conference. He frequently comments on pertinent security issues and has been sited in USA Today, Information Security Magazine, Baseline, Computerworld, Secure Computing, and the MIT Technologist. Foster holds degrees in Business Administration, Software Engineering, and Management of Information Systems. He has attended the Yale School of Business, Harvard University, and the University of Maryland. He is currently a Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business. Foster has written many commercial and educational papers. He has also contributed to several books, including: Snort 2.0, Snort 2.1 2nd Edition, Hacking Exposed 4th Ed and 5th Edition, Special Ops Security, Anti-Hacker Toolkit 2nd Ed, Advanced Intrusion Detection, Hacking the Code, Anti-Spam Toolkit, Programmer’s Ultimate Security DeskRef, Google for Penetration Testers, Buffer Overflow Attacks, and Sockets/Porting/and Shellcode. vii Contributing Authors Vitaly Osipov (CISSP, CISA) is currently managing intrusion detection systems for a Big 5 global investment bank in Sydney, Australia. He previously worked as a security specialist for several European companies in Dublin, Prague and Moscow. Vitaly has co-authored books on firewalls, IDS, and security including Special Ops: Host and Network Security for Microsoft, UNIX and Oracle (ISBN: 1-931836-69-8) and Snort 2.0: Intrusion Detection (ISBN: 1-931836-74-4). Vitaly’s background includes a long history of designing and implementing information security systems for financial institutions, ISPs, telecoms, and consultancies. He is currently studying for his second postgraduate degree in mathematics. Niels Heinen is a security researcher at a European security firm. Niels has researched exploitation techniques and specializes in writing position independent assembly code used for changing program execution flows. While the main focus of his research is Intel Systems, he’s also experienced with MIPS, HPPA and PIC processors. Niels, enjoys writing his own polymorphic exploits, wardrive scanners and OS fingerprint tools. His day-to-day job involves in-depth analysis of security products. Nishchal Bhalla is a specialist in product testing, code reviews and web application testing. He is the lead consultant at Security Compass, providing consulting services for major software corporations & Fortune 500 companies. He’s a contributing author to Windows XP Professional Security and Hack Notes. Prior to joining Security Compass, Nish worked for Foundstone,TD Waterhouse, Axa Group and Lucent. He holds a master’s degree in parallel processing from Sheffield University, is a post-graduate in finance from Strathclyde University, and received a bachelor’s degree in commerce from Bangalore University. viii Additional Area Experts Marshall Beddoe is a Research Scientist at McAfee, and conducts extensive research in passive network mapping, remote promiscuous detection, OS fingerprinting, FreeBSD internals, and new exploitation techniques. Marshall has spoken at such security conferences as Black Hat, Defcon, and Toorcon. Tony Bettini leads the McAfee Foundstone R&D team and has worked for other security firms, including Foundstone, Guardent, and Bindview. He specializes in Windows security and vulnerability detection, as well as programs in Assembly, C, and various others.Tony has identified new vulnerabilities in PGP, ISS Scanner, Microsoft Windows XP, and Winamp. ix