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Module 10 Automating Windows Server® 2008 R2 Administration Module Overview • List the modules included with Windows Server 2008 R2 • Add and remove Windows features from the command-line • Manage Group Policy objects from the command-line • Use Troubleshooting Packs from the command-line • Run and review Best Practices Analyzer reports from the command-line • Manage IIS features and configuration from the command- line Lesson 1: Windows Server 2008 Modules Overview • List and describe the modules provided with Windows Server 2008 R2 • Import Windows Server 2008 R2 modules into the shell • List the cmdlets and functions included in a given module Modules Overview • Windows Server 2008 R2’s modules are installed into the PowerShell systemwide module folder. View the contents of this folder with: Cd $pshome\modules • PowerShell defines an environment variable with the search paths for locating modules. View the contents of this environment variable with: Get-Content env:psmodulepath • Generate a list of installed modules with: Get-Module -list • Generate a list of installed snap-ins with: Get-PSSnapin –registered Included Modules • The following modules and snapins are included with Windows Server 2008 R2:                 Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD RMS) AppLocker (Application ID Policy Management) Best Practices Analyzer Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) Group Policy and Group Policy objects (GPOs) Network Load Balancing Windows PowerShell Diagnostics (PSDiagnostics) Remote Desktop Services Server Manager Server Migration Troubleshooting Packs Web Administration (Internet Information Services) Web Services for Management (WS-MAN) Windows Cluster Service (Failover Clusters) Windows Server Backup Working with Modules and Snapins • Modules must be added into the shell to make use of their functionality. Modules remain for the duration of the shell session, unless they are specifically removed. Import-Module ActiveDirectory • Once loaded, use Get-Command to list the cmdlets that are now available through the module. Get-Command –module ActiveDirectory • Some Windows Server 2008 R2 extensions are not provided as modules. Instead they are snapins. • Snapins require a slightly different syntax to load and list their contents. Add-PSSnapin windows.serverbackup Get-Command –pssnapin windows.serverbackup About the Lessons in this Module • This courseware module includes five additional lessons.  Server Manager Cmdlets  Group Policy Cmdlets  Troubleshooting Pack Cmdlets  Best Practices Analyzer Cmdlets  IIS Cmdlets • Each of the following lessons will briefly introduce the module being covered, and introduce you to details about the module’s operation.  Then, you will complete a lab where you use the module in practice.  The goal is for you to use the techniques here to identify the module, load it, list its cmdlets, and read help.  Discover how to use the cmdlets in accomplishing the labs. Lesson 2: Server Manager Cmdlets Overview • Use Server Manager cmdlets to add roles, remove roles, and list roles • Use Server manager cmdlets, along with Compare-Object, to provide a change configuration report for role changes on a server Server Manager Cmdlets • The Server Manager module includes only three cmdlets.  Get-WindowsFeature  Add-WindowsFeature  Remove-WindowsFeature Import-Module servermanager Lab A: Using the Server Manager Cmdlets • Exercise 1: List all currently installed features. • Exercise 2: Compare objects. • Exercise 3: Install a new server feature. • Exercise 4: Remove a server feature. • Exercise 5: Export current configuration to XML. Logon information Estimated time: 20 minutes. Lab Scenario • You work as a systems administrator, focusing on servers. • You are configuring a new Windows Server 2008 R2 file server. The server must meet a standard configuration and you must provide an audit trail of the final configuration in the form of an XML file. Lab Review Review Questions • What module do you need to import to manage server features? • What cmdlets are used to manage server features? • What type of object does Get-WindowsFeature write to the pipeline? • What are some of its properties? • Does the cmdlet support configuring a remote server? Lesson 3: Group Policy Cmdlets Overview • Use Group Policy cmdlets to review Group Policy objects, create HTML reports, back up a Group Policy object, and more. • Use Group Policy cmdlets to create, link, and change settings within a GPO. Group Policy Cmdlets • The Group Policy module includes 25 cmdlets.              Backup-GPO Copy-GPO Get-GPInheritance Get-GPO Get-GPOReport Get-GPPermissions Get-GPPrefRegistryValue Get-GPRegistryValue Get-GPResultantSetOfPolicy Get-GPStarterGPO Import-GPO New-GPLink New-GPO             New-GPStarterGPO Remove-GPLink Remove-GPO Remove-GPPrefRegistryValue Remove-GPRegistryValue Rename-GPO Restore-GPO Set-GPInheritance Set-GPLink Set-GPPermissions Set-GPPrefRegistryValue Set-GPRegistryValue Lab B: Using the Group Policy Cmdlets • Exercise 1: List all the Group Policy Objects in the domain. • Exercise 2: Create a text-based report • Exercise 3: Create an HTML report • Exercise 4: Backup all Group Policy Objects. Logon information Estimated time: 20 minutes. Lab Scenario • You are a Windows administrator responsible for managing Group Policy objects in your domain. • Your manager has asked for report of all your Group Policy Objects. • You manager also wants to make sure that all Group Policy Objects are being backed up. Lab Review Review Questions • What module do you need to import to manage Group Policy? • What cmdlet is used to get Group Policy information? • What type of Group Policy reports can you create? • Can you backup individual Group Policy objects? Lesson 4: Troubleshooting Pack Overview • Execute Troubleshooting Packs on a local or remote computer by using one-to-one interactive remote shell or implicit remoting. Troubleshooting Pack Cmdlets • The Troubleshooting Pack module includes two cmdlets.  Get-TroubleshootingPack  Invoke-TroubleshootingPack • These cmdlets require Troubleshooting Packs, most of which are installed by default to \Windows\Diagnostics\System. Get-TroubleshootingPack C:\windows\diagnostics\ systems\aero • Many Troubleshooting Packs are interactive at the shell, presenting a command-line menu for selecting specific problems or diagnostics. Lab C: Using the Troubleshooting Pack Cmdlets • Exercise 1: Import the Troubleshooting Pack module. • Exercise 2: Solve an end-user problem interactively. • Exercise 3: Solve a problem using answer files. Logon information Estimated time: 20 minutes. Lab Scenario • You work as a systems technician, troubleshooting problems with individual desktops. • The help desk manager has asked for your assistance in troubleshooting a desktop problem. She has heard you can solve problems with Windows PowerShell and has asked for your assistance in learning more. Lab Review Review Questions • What cmdlet do you use to load the Troubleshooting Pack? • What are the cmdlets in the Troubleshooting Pack? • Can you resolve a problem without using an answer file? Lesson 5: Best Practices Analyzer Cmdlets Overview • Generate Best Practices Analyzer reports by using the BPA cmdlets. BPA Cmdlets • The Best Practice Analyzer module includes four cmdlets.  Get-BpaModel  Get-BpaResult  Invoke-BpaModel  Set-BpaResult • BPA cmdlets work with BPA Models. Each model is a set of best practices that are related to a role or feature.  Models must be retrieved and then invoked before their results can be retrieved. Get-BpaModel | Invoke-BpaModel Lab D: Using the Best Practice Analyzer Cmdlets • Exercise 1: Import the Best Practice module. • Exercise 2: View existing models. • Exercise 3: Run a Best Practices scan. Logon information Estimated time: 15 minutes. Lab Scenario • You work as a systems administrator, and you are responsible for a group of servers running Windows Server 2008 R2. • As part of your automated audit process you want to prepare a series of best practice reports depending on what server roles are installed. Lab Review Review Questions • What module do you need to import to run Best Practices scans? • What are some of the items that you can view in a scan result? • What are some of the Best Practice models available? Lesson 6: IIS Cmdlets Overview • Use IIS cmdlets to manage IIS features and Web sites • Use the IIS: drive to manage IIS settings IIS Cmdlets • The IIS module includes 74 cmdlets, which are intended to represent the core set of administrative actions that one would use with an IIS server and websites.  Creating websites  Creating FTP sites  Creating Application pools  Start, stop, restart sites.  Start, stop, restart pools. • The cmdlets in the IIS module contain excellent help files and usage examples. Import-Module Webadministration The IIS: Drive • Due to the vast differences between IIS instances, IIS’ cmdlets are not comprehensive. • Much of IIS’ PowerShell administration occurs using the IIS: drive. This drive looks and behaves in similar ways to other PS drives (such as disk, Active Directory).  Each “drive” is actually a configuration repository for an area of the server/website.  Exposed in a hierarchical fashion.  Navigated and manipulated using the –Item and –ChildItem cmdlets. PS IIS:\> cd apppools PS IIS:\apppools> ls Name ---Classic .NET AppPool DefaultAppPool State ----Started Started Applications -----------Default Web Site Demonstration: IIS Examples • Learn how to use the IIS: drive to review and manage IIS configuration settings from within the shell. Lab E: Using the IIS Cmdlets • Exercise 1: Import the IIS module. • Exercise 2: Create a new web site. • Exercise 3: Backup IIS. • Exercise 4: Modify web site bindings. • Exercise 5: Use the IIS PSDrive. • Exercise 6: Restore an IIS Configuration. Logon information Estimated time: 30 minutes. Lab Scenario • You are a Windows Administrator tasked with managing a small web server used for internal purposes. • Your job includes creating and managing web sites. Because your company charges for internal IT services, you need to automate web site management so that it can be done in the most efficient manner possible. Lab Review Review Questions • What module do you need to import to manage IIS? • What cmdlet do you use to create a new web site? • What cmdlet do you use to stop a web site? • What cmdlets do you use to modify web site bindings? • What do you see in the Sites folder of the IIS PSDrive?