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HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH Noi Dung Chuong Trinh (18t) CAC HOP CHAT TU NHIEN Phan I: Terpenes Phan II: Steroids Phan III: Alkaloids Phan IV: Cac hop chat tu nhien quan trong khac Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1-TERPENES Terpen la ten duoc Dumas dat cho tinh dau co trong dau turpentine vao nam 1866. Terpene phan bo rong rai trong tu nhien, thanh phan de bay hoi trong cac loai dau thuc vat. Cau truc cua terpene bao gom cac monomer duoc goi la isoprene. Isoprenoid la ten goi khac cua terpen. Myrcene duoc tach tu bayberry oil Cau truc camphor duoc xac dinh boi Bredt vao nam 1893, Pinene boi Wagner 1894, citral boi Tiemann 1895, β-carotene duoc tach tu carrots vao nam 1837 boi Wackenrodder va den nam 1907 cau truc chinh xac da duoc xac dinh boi Willstaetter. Giai doan tu 1945, phat minh ky thuat sac ky, pho, nhieu terpenes da duoc xac dinh. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH Mot So Terpenes O O Camphor Pinene Citral OH β-carotene Y – DUOC – RHM Vitamin A Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1 Su Phan Loai Terpenes Y – DUOC – RHM Terpenes Isoprene units Carbon atoms 1 Monoterpenes 2 10 2 Sesquiterpenes 3 15 3 Diterpenes 4 20 4 Sesterpenes 5 25 5 Triterpenes 6 30 6 Carotenoids 8 40 7 Rubber > 100 > 500 Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1 MONOTERPENES Monoterpenes la thanh phan tinh dau thom co trong la, hoa qua cua mot so loai thuc vat nhu Labiatae, Pinaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae. Tinh dau thom duoc dung trong cong nghe hoa my pham, nuoc hoa, chat mau, mui thuc pham. Mot so monoterpenes nhu camphor o dang tinh khiet, con da so o dang hon hop cac dong phan (isomers) kho tach. Tren 700 cau truc da duoc xac dinh. Monoterpenes duoc chia lam 03 loai: acyclic, monocyclic va bicyclic. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.1 ACYCLIC MONOTERPENES Acyclic monoterpenes pho bien la geraniol, linalool, nerol va citronellol. Citronellol o dang tu do hoac dang ester trong nhieu loai dau thuc vat (Rutaceae) duoc su dung trong cong nghe nuoc hoa. Acyclic monoterpenes co the duoc xem la dan chat cua 2,6-dimethyloctan. 2,6-dimethyloctan Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.1 ACYCLIC MONOTERPENES Acyclic monoterpenes pho bien la geraniol, linalool, nerol va citronellol. Citronellol o dang tu do hoac dang ester trong nhieu loai dau thuc vat (Rutaceae) duoc su dung trong cong nghe nuoc hoa. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.2 MONOCYCLIC MONOTERPENES Monocyclic monoterpenes pho bien la limonene, α-terpineol, terpinolene cung voi 02 loai tinh dau kha pho bien cua la bac ha la menthol va menthone. Monocyclic monoterpenes co the duoc xem la dan chat cua cyclohexane voi nhom the methyl va isopropyl. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.2 MONOCYCLIC MONOTERPENES Monocyclic monoterpenes pho bien la limonene, α-terpineol, terpinolene cung voi 02 loai tinh dau kha pho bien cua la bac ha la menthol va menthone. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.3 BICYCLIC MONOTERPENES Bicyclic monoterpenes tinh dau pho bien trong mot so loai thuc vat α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol va thujone. O camphor Y – DUOC – RHM pinene Dr. DANG Van Hoai