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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DONG THAP UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT  NGUYEN THI HONG THAM BUI THI HUYEN TRAN ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES AND EXPECTATIONS IN LEARNING WRITTEN TRANSLATION AT DONG THAP UNIVERSITY B.A THESIS Degree: Bachelor of Arts Dong Thap, 2013 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DONG THAP UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT  NGUYEN THI HONG THAM BUI THI HUYEN TRAN ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES AND EXPECTATIONS IN LEARNING WRITTEN TRANSLATION AT DONG THAP UNIVERSITY B.A THESIS Supervisor: PHAM VAN TAC, M.A Degree: Bachelor of Arts Dong Thap, 2013 iv TABLE OF CONTENT Statement of authorship ................................................................................................. i Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................. ii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. iii Table of content..................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1. Motivation for the study ............................................................................................ 1 2. Aims of the study....................................................................................................... 3 3. Subject and scope of the study .................................................................................. 3 4. Significance of the study ........................................................................................... 4 5. Organization of the thesis .......................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 7 1.1 Definition of translation .......................................................................................... 7 1.2 The important of translation .................................................................................... 9 1.3 Types of translation ................................................................................................. 11 1.3.1 Word for word translation ........................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Literal translation ......................................................................................... 12 1.3.3 Faithful translation ...................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 Semantic translation ..................................................................................... 13 1.3.5 Adaptation .................................................................................................... 14 1.3.6 Free translation ............................................................................................. 15 1.3.7 Idiomatic translation..................................................................................... 15 1.3.8 Communicative translation .......................................................................... 16 v 1.4 Strategies for translation .......................................................................................... 18 1.5 Some useful techniques for translation.................................................................... 28 1.5.1 Addition ....................................................................................................... 28 1.5.2 Omission ...................................................................................................... 29 1.5.3 Replacement ................................................................................................. 29 1.5.4 Transposition ................................................................................................ 30 1.5.5 Expression .................................................................................................... 31 1.6 The factors influencing translation process ............................................................. 32 1.6.1 Influence of the mother tongue .................................................................... 32 1.6.2 Words and choice of word meanings ........................................................... 34 1.6.3 Grammatical structure .................................................................................. 35 1.6.4 Context ......................................................................................................... 36 1.6.5 Characteristic of language ............................................................................ 37 1.7 Common errors in written translation ..................................................................... 41 1.7.1 Word order .................................................................................................. 41 1.7.2 Syntax/ Grammar errors ............................................................................... 42 1.7.3 Vocabulary errors ......................................................................................... 45 1.7.4 Spelling/Punctuation errors .......................................................................... 50 1.7.5 Culture errors................................................................................................ 52 Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 54 2.1 Research questions .................................................................................................. 54 2.2 Research participants: .............................................................................................. 54 2.2.1 The researcher: ............................................................................................ 54 2.2.2 The subjects .................................................................................................. 54 2.3 Research procedure ................................................................................................. 54 2.4 Data collect instruments .......................................................................................... 55 2.4.1 The questionnaire: ....................................................................................... 55 vi 2.4.2 The interview questions: ............................................................................. 56 Chapter 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................. 58 3.1 Results ..................................................................................................................... 58 3.1.1 Result collected from the questionnaire ....................................................... 58 3.1.2 Result collected from the interview questions ............................................. 76 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.......................................................................... 80 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 89 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................... 91 vii LIST OF TABLES Table1: The students‟ interest in studying written translation………………………...58 Table 2: The reason why students study translation…………………………………..59 Table 3: The students‟ opinions about the usefulness of studying translation……….60 Table 4: Kind of text that students feel difficult to translate…………………………61 Table 5: The biggest challenges that students have to face when translating a passage from English to Vietnamese ………………………………………………..….62 Table 6: The biggest challenges that students have to face when translating a passage from Vietnamese to English………………………………………………..….63 Table 7: How students will do when they encounter a new word in a translation text…………………………………………………………………………65 Table 8: How students prepare for new lesson before class…………………………..66 Table 9: What students will do after they finish their translation…………………….67 Table 10: What do students do to improve their translation skill……………………..68 Table 11: Kind of text students usually practice translation at home…………………69 Table 12: The amount of time students usually spend on studying translation (as selfstudy) …………………………………………………………………………..71 Table 13: Things have a great influence on students‟ interest in translation…………72 Table 14: The topic which students are interested in………………………………….73 Table 15: The students‟ opinion about the influence of teaching method……………74 viii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP We guarantee that the thesis entitled “English major students‟ difficulties and expectations in learning written translation at Dong Thap University” is the result of our own work. All the statistics as well as the results collected from the data collection instruments are truthfully reflected by English major students at Dong Thap University when they first study written translation. The research reported in the study was approved by Dong Thap University. Dated: April 20th, 2012 Nguyen Thi Hong Tham Bui Thi Huyen Tran ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a great pleasure to thank everyone who helped us write this thesis successfully. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to our supervisor – Mr Pham Van Tac for the valuable guidance and encouragement. He greatly inspired us to work on this thesis. Our thesis cannot come to end without his effort to read it again and again to find out the problem and support us in all stages of the research and writing this study. In addition, we are grateful to all the professors of the Foreign Language Department of Dong Thap University for teaching and providing us with a good environment to study the BA thesis. We owe sincere and earnest thankfulness to all the students of English class 2011 who provided us valuable information by completing the conveying questions as well as answering interview questions. Finally, an honorable mention goes to our families and friends for their supports on us in completing this thesis. Thanks for all! Nguyen Thi Hong Tham Bui Thi Huyen Tran English 2009A x ABSTRACT Translation is a new subject for the students of English major at Dong Thap University. There are two forms of translation: written translation and spoken translation. At Dongthap University, written translation is taught for the students of BA English Class from the beginning of the second year. Because translation is still new and strange for their first time learning, most of the English major students still have difficulties in learning this kind of subject, especially the students of the second year from BA English class (2011-2015 curriculums). This study was conducted to find out the students‟ difficulties as well as their expectations when they begin to learn written translation in order to make suggestions that can partly help them overcome these obstacles in studying this course. Besides that, the study also aims at making some suggestions as a useful reference helping adjust learning and teaching method to get a better result in learning and teaching process. The research methods used in this study are the questionnaire- a list of questions to find out the difficulties that students usually face and the interview questions which used to meeting students‟ expectations in learning the subject. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Motivation for the study No one can deny the importance of language in the process of conveying information. We all know that language plays an indispensable role in people‟s life and social development. However, exactly how many languages are there in the world? The most extensive catalog of the world‟s languages, the ethnologic organization, whose detailed classified list currently includes 6809 distinct languages. It‟s, therefore, really necessary to get the purpose of the whole development and interaction. The appearance of a common language, which can be seen as the second language that all people around the world can use to exchange ideas with each other in order to meet the demand of the global standards in the today‟s world, is really pressing. In this background, English - a universal language at present can be used as the unique tool satisfying this demand. The role of English is more and more asserted, especially in the booming age of information and technology. English can be considered as the prevailing language by the way it dominates every domain and maybe the only language that truly links the whole world together. The other languages may be important, yes, but they are only important for their temporary values and they cannot replace English as an international language in such the way that all people around the world can use to communicate among countries. We again cannot deny the important of communicative purposes. Without communication, there is no way to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Furthermore, the business among countries cannot carry out, so how can the countries as well as the whole world‟s economy develop Without English, people cannot understand each other more in the process of diplomatic relation and economic cooperation and many other fields in today‟s era when the country tend to integrate for the whole development. We cannot list how much benefit that English brings for us. Its beneficial is unlimited. Therefore, studying English is a good way to contact with the huge world and approach a boundless source of information. Also, if we want to survive on this economic developing era, we ought to