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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.291 Assessment of Water Resources in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (Jawahar) Command of Andhra Pradesh D. Sai Gangadhara Rao1*, H. V. Hema Kumar1, B. Sarojini Devi2, L. Edukondalu3 and V. Srinivasa Rao4 1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Dr NTR CAE, Bapatla, India Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural College, Mahanandi, India 3 Department. of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, CFST, Pulivendula, India 4 Department of Statistics & Computer Applications, Agricultural, College, Bapatla, India 2 *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords NSPRCC, Hydraulic particulars, Discharge, Groundwater, Surface water Article Info Accepted: 17 September 2020 Available Online: 10 October 2020 The Nagarjuna Sagar Project is one of the prestigious projects in India and it irrigates nearly 9 lakhs ha area .The canal is divided into 9 branch canals spread across Guntur and Prakasam districts. The month wise and branch wise discharge data and hydraulic particulars of main and branch canal was collected from Water Resources Department, Lingamguntla circle and Ongole circle. The daily rainfall data from 1997 to 2018 (22 years) obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) was used for calculating annual availability of rainfall distribution over the command area. The total availability of the surface water of 11 years was is 2,229 MCM. Average annual rainfall of Guntur and Prakasam Districts under command area was noticed as 780 mm and 749 and overall command area was recorded as 765 mm. The average groundwater availability of the command area was estimated as 1385 MCM. Finally, conjunctive use of water in command area is 3,614 MCM (128 TMC). Introduction 4.75 lakhs ha in Guntur and Prakasam districts (Anonymous, 1999). The Nagarjuna Sagar Project is built across river Krishna at Nandikonda village of Nalgonda District. The main objective of this Nagarjuna Sagar project is to bring the 9 lakhs hectare of land under cultivation. The right canal was designed with carrying capacity of 11,000 Cusecs. The area irrigated by Nagarjuna Sagar Jawahar Canal is about The Canal is divided into 9 branch canals spread across Guntur and Prakasam districts. The Right main canal having Guntur, Zulakallu, Bellarnkonda, Peddanandipadu, Addanki, Eddanapudi, Darsi, Pamidipadu and Ongole branch canals. 2437 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Study area Nagarjuna Sagar Project Right Canal (Jawahar) Command The command area lies between the latitudes of 150 20' 00" to 160 41' 24" N and the longitudes of 790 18'44" to 800 25' 56" E, encompassing Guntur and Prakasam districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The geographical command area consists from block 1 to 22 (GA) as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. profitability in Chuharkana irrigation subdivision. Assessment of ground water resources using water table fluctuation method Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method is based on the premise that rise in groundwater levels in unconfined aquifers are due to recharge water arriving at the water table. It is the most widely used method for estimating recharge (Healy and Cook, 2002). Nagarjuna Sagar Right (Jawahar) Canal Command area spreads over 37 mandals in Guntur and 23 mandals in Prakasam districts. Recharge is calculated as Materials and Methods Where Surface water availability Nagarjuna Sagar Right (Jawahar) Canal water releases data i.e. month wise and branch wise discharge data and hydraulic particulars of main and branch canal was collected from Water resources department, Lingamguntla circle and Ongole circle for a period from 2008 to 2018. Mean annual availability of water at different stages was computed. The daily rainfall data from 1997 to 2018 (22 years) was obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) and used for calculating annual availability of rainfall contribution over the command area by Usman et al., (2016). Groundwater monitoring Groundwater monitoring is being carried-out continuously by monitoring of 300 observation wells in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal command area comprising I to XXII blocks with 188 Observation wells in Guntur and 112 Observation wells in Prakasam established the State Groundwater Department. Usman et al (2016) studied variations in conjunctive water management practices, groundwater productivity and crop R= Sy dh/dt R recharge, Sy the specific yield, h is watertable height, and t is time Static ground water reserve = thickness of aquifer below the zone of water level fluctuation down to exploitable limit Average DTW X areal extent of the aquifer X specific yield of the aquifer Water Table Fluctuations represent spatially averaged recharge. Determining representative values of Sy is a major difficulty in applying this method. Another difficulty lies in ensuring that the fluctuations in water levels are due to recharge and are not the result of changes in atmospheric pressure, the presence of entrapped air or other phenomena such as pumping. Results and Discussion The surface water availability estimated from different sources namely water releases data obtained by Water Resources Department, Lingamguntla and Ongole Circles of Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (Jawahar) Command Area, Andhra Pradesh is presented in Figure 2. 2438 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Table.1 Line diagram of Nagarjuna Sagar Right Main Canal Milage 38-0-330 40-4-280 42-0-560 46-3-000 47-3-550 49-5-570 52-5-165 52-7-400 57-0-475 57-2-250 58-6-543 59-5-300 64-2-330 66-0-610 69-6-049 74-0-470 78-3-196 81-5-474 83-2-402 85-3-150 Length M-F-Ft NAGARJUNA SAGAR RIGHT MAIN CANAL M-F-Ft 0-0-000 4-6-000 7-0-000 8-4-000 12-1-558 13-6-000 15-7-000 20-7-076 21-7-00 24-0-110 24-6-440 27-3-550 30-2-220 33-4-000 34-2-655 Name of the Branch Canal/ Major Right Canal Head Regulator Pasuvemula Major Tallapalli Major – I Tallapalli Major – II Mallavaram Major Khambampadu Major Paluvai Major Buggavagu O T Regulator Rentachintala Major Daida Major Charlagudipadu Major Miryala Major Ramapuram Major Pedakodamagundla Major Cross regulator cum surplus escape Kesanupalli Major Zulakallu Branch Canal Janapadu Major Guttikonda Major Kotanemalipuri Major Bellamkonda Branch Canal Guntur Branch Canal O.T. of 1 AR Kothapalli Major(shifted from GBC) Addanki Brach Canal Cross regulator Inumella D.P Inumella Major Ipur D.P Angaluru Major Perumallapalli Major Perurupadu Major Dondapadu Major Cheekateegalapalem Major Palakuru Major Cross regulator cum escape 2439 1-0-207 0-4-365 0-4-300 7-7-572 1-6-290 5-0-110 9-5-655 12-6-360 3-4-150 2-5-495 18-3-018 2-4-402 Designed discharge in C/S 11,000 5.24 4.48 10.13 126.18 18.53 64.09 11000 42.64 266.40 24.16 17.20 253.80 22.30 10100 6-6-613 1-3-299 4-4-000 2-4-535 7-2-330 11-3-027 32-1-000 68.80 564.29 34.40 15.20 31.40 645 2920 8.64 37-3-272 2469 3947.00 1.07 / 0.25 23.20 1.80 52.02 192.60 28.97 48.97 140.14 5.57 3346 8-0-080 8-0-440 20-5-372 3-1-110 6-2-220 14-1-550 0-6-250 Block No 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8&9 10 10 11 11A 11A 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Table.2 Annual average rainfall data of NSP right canal command from 1997-2018 Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average Average Guntur rainfall, mm 812.79 897.25 590.66 914.58 809.20 533.01 862.92 739.67 896.35 724.28 915.52 911.43 395.00 1344.15 625.26 960.14 1111.02 603.13 606.63 796.93 650.56 464.34 780.22 Average Prakasam rainfall, mm 995.02 881.50 526.55 865.98 737.07 500.20 684.30 578.63 789.69 827.79 848.51 921.96 542.70 1458.24 524.70 957.30 1085.85 452.79 674.85 590.23 651.55 389.95 749.33 Average command area rainfall, mm 903.91 889.38 558.61 890.28 773.14 516.61 773.61 659.15 843.02 776.04 882.02 916.70 468.85 1401.20 574.98 958.72 1098.44 527.96 640.74 693.58 651.06 427.15 764.78 Table.3 Annual average groundwater availability in NSRC command area Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Average static ground water volume Static Available Ground water resources (ha-m) 306220.56 231930.37 241896.13 231477.38 204298.04 231477.38 211998.85 182554.57 199768.15 231024.39 224229.56 226988.67 2440 Static Available Ground water resources (MCM) 3062.21 2319.30 2418.96 2314.77 2042.98 2314.77 2119.99 1825.55 1997.68 2310.24 2242.30 2269.89 Static Available Ground water resources (TMC) 108.14 81.91 85.43 81.75 72.15 81.75 74.87 64.47 70.55 81.59 79.19 80.16 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Fig.1 Location map of the study area Fig.2 Off-take wise water withdrawals of NSP right canal command area at different levels (TMC) Fig.3 Average annual rainfall of the command area from 2008-2018 2441 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Fig.4 Network of Observation wells in Nagarjuna Sagar Right (Jawahar) canal command area Fig.5 Average station wise depth to water level of observation wells BGL in Nagarjuna Sagar right canal command area from 2000 to 2018 Fig.6 Average Station wise depth to water levels of Piezometers BGL in Nagarjuna Sagar right canal command area from 2016 to 2018 2442 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Fig.7 Mean monthly 300 observation wells readings from 2000 to 2018 From the above data, off-take wise water withdrawals of the entire command from the year 2008-09 to 2018-19 were computed. The mean withdrawal of water releases off-take wise was computed and maximum obtained at Buggavagu O.T. with 104.92 TMC and minimum value was obtained at Pasuvemula Major and Tallapalli Major- I with 0.03 TMC. The mean water releases at head section of 11 years of data was computed as 128.13 TMC (3,627.71 MCM). The evaporation losses take place from the exposed water surface area, which would vary with the temperature, humidity, wind velocity etc. In hot and dry weather months (summer) these losses are maximum but they seldom exceed 1-2% of the total water entering into the canal. The average evaporation varies between 4 mm to 10 mm per day. The conveyance losses now evaluated in the canals selected are inclusive of evaporation losses and no separate studies could be possible. The overall conveyance efficiency of the Nagarjuna Right Bank Canal (including evaporation losses and seepage losses etc.,) as 61.45% recommended by the CWC, Government of India and then total availability of the surface water is 2,229 MCM. Rainfall Mean annual rainfall entire command area comprises of two districts namely Guntur and Prakasam as shown in Table 2 and Figure 3. From the above data average annual rainfall of Guntur and Prakasam Districts under command area was noticed as 780 mm and 749 mm and overall command area was recorded as 765 mm. Groundwater availability Groundwater monitoring is being carried out in both districts of Andhra Pradesh by the State Groundwater Department. The observation wells network in Nagrajuna Sagar Right (Jawahar) Canal Command Area was shown in Fig. 4. The location wise 300 mean observation wells from year 2000 to 2018 reading was shown in Figure 5. From the data maximum value was observed as 12.96 m below ground level at Mothadaka village and minimum value obtained was 0.934 m below ground level at 2443 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 2437-2445 Brundavanam village. Mothadaka village in Tadikonda Mandal in Guntur District was more groundwater table as compared to the Brundavanam village in Sattenapally Guntur District (Table 3). Piezometer AP State Groundwater Department was installed 104 piezometers in the command area the reading was presented Figure 6. From the above data, the maximum reading was obtained as 23.75 m DTW at Tallur and minimum value obtained as 0.87 m DTW at Gogulapadu Village, Gurazala mandal, Guntur district. The data revealed that the groundwater depletion was more at Tallur compared to Gogulapadu Village, Gurazala mandal, Guntur district. From the above data highest value 6.59 m in the month of July, 2003 and minimum value occurred in the month of September, 2013 due highest rainfall and canal release during the above period. Groundwater volume data was collected from the State Groundwater Department, Guntur and presented in the Table 3. From the data, it was clear that, the maximum value was observed as 3062.21 MCM in the year 2008-09 and minimum value in the year 2015-16 as 1825.55 MCM. i.e. due to poor rainfall and overdraft of ground water. Average groundwater availability was 2270 MCM (80.16 TMC). Finally the groundwater availability is 61% of 2270 MCM and total availability of the surface water is 2,229 MCM. The available water resources for conjunctive use in the command area are 3,614 MCM (128 TMC) (Fig. 7). In conclusions the Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal Command area of the total availability of the surface water of 11 years of data was is 2,229 MCM. Average annual rainfall of Guntur and Prakasam Districts under command area was obtained as 780 mm and 749 and overall command area was recorded as 765 mm. The average groundwater availability in the command area is 1385 MCM. Finally, the total water available by conjunctive use in the command area is 3,614 MCM (128 TMC). Acknowledgement We acknowledged the Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur for financial and technical support for successful completion research. References Anonymous, 1999., Study of waterlogging in five canal commands. Nagarjuna Sagar right bank canal command area (Andhra Pradesh). (6):1-93. Anonymous, 2016., Performance Overview and Management Improvement Organization Central Water Commission Government of India. Report on Summary Report on Water use Efficiency Studies for 35 Irrigation Projects. Pp. 45-48. Healy, R.W., and Cook, P.G. 2002. Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge. Hydrogeology Journal. 10:91-109. Mohammad, K., Z. 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Conjunctive use of water and its management for enhanced productivity of major crops across tertiary canal irrigation system of Indus basin in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science. 53(1): 257-264. How to cite this article: Sai Gangadhara Rao, D., H. V. Hema Kumar, B. Sarojini Devi, L. Edukondalu and Srinivasa Rao, V. 2020. Assessment of Water Resources in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (Jawahar) Command of Andhra Pradesh. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(10): 2437-2445. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.291 2445